Micro Seismic Hazard Analysis

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Liquefaction – general (1)• Typically occurs in saturated, loose sandwith a high groundwater table• During an earthquake, the shear wavesin the loose sand causes it to compact,creating increased pore water pressure(undrained loading):• Upward flow of water: sand boils• Turns sand layer (temporarily) into aliquefied state - liquefaction
Liquefaction – general (2)• Commonly observed in low-lying areas oradjacent to lakes, rivers, coastlines• Effects:• Settlement• Bearing capacity failure of foundation• Lateral movements of slopes• In practice:• Structures sink or fall over• Buried tanks may float to the surface
Page 3 and 4:
Basic physical concepts and definit
Page 7 and 8: Site effects due to low stiffness s
Page 9: Site effects due to low stiffness s
Page 12 and 13: Characteristic site period• The p
Page 14 and 15: Natural frequency of buildings• A
Page 16 and 17: Examples of natural frequencies ofb
Page 18 and 19: Vertical standing waves• Vertical
Page 20 and 21: Summarising: building resonance and
Page 22 and 23: Soft ground effect - summary• Sof
Page 24 and 25: MichoacanearthquakeCollapsed 21-Sto
Page 26 and 27: Theoretical methods• Numerical me
Page 28 and 29: How do we carry out a groundrespons
Page 30 and 31: What do we use to quantify theexpec
Page 32 and 33: SHAKE• The equivalent linear appr
Page 34 and 35: 1D ground response analysisAssumpti
Page 36 and 37: Transfer Function as technique for
Page 38 and 39: Define the transfer function (2)•
Page 40 and 41: Effect of transfer function onAmpli
Page 42 and 43: Procedure to account for nonlineari
Page 44 and 45: General, simplified profile as assu
Page 46 and 47: Standard Spectral Ratio Technique (
Page 48 and 49: Nakamura’s or H/V method (1)• S
Page 50 and 51: Nakumura’s or H/V method (3)• M
Page 52: Nakumura’s or H/V method (5)• I
Page 55 and 56: Site effects due to surface topogra
Page 57: Liquefaction
Page 61 and 62: Liquefaction - governing factors (2
Page 63 and 64: Liquefaction - governing factors (4
Page 65 and 66: Liquefaction - governing factorssum
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Micro Seismic Hazard Analysis

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