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Sowing Guide 2014Sowing Guide 2014but light in colour. Seed is licensed toHeritage Seeds.Neelam A is a mid flowering andmaturing desi type chickpea releasedfrom Western Australia in 2012 and ratedas resistant to AB. Neelam has very highyields in WA generally higher than PBASlasher. It has had limited evaluation insouthern Australia and yields to date havegenerally been similar to PBA Striker.Neelam has a medium tall plant height,taller than PBA Slasher with a seed sizesmaller than PBA Slasher and PBA Strikerbut light in colour. Seed is licensed toHeritage Seeds.PBA HatTrick A , PBA Pistol A & PBABoundary A . These varieties have beenreleased for northern NSW/southern Qld(PBA HatTrick & PBA Boundary) andCentral Queensland (PBA Pistol) wherethey offer specific production advantagesover current variety options. All threehave limited suitability to SA and Victoriadue to susceptibility to AB (PBA Pistol)and late maturity and low relative yields(PBA HatTrick and PBA Boundary).PBA Slasher A has foliar AB resistanceand high yields in all chickpea growingareas of SA. It has a semi-spreadingplant type with mid flowering and midmaturity similar to Howzat. PBA Slasher issuitable for both the split and whole seedmarkets as it has improved seed size andcolour over varieties like Genesis 509which are only likely to be suited for splitseed markets. Fungicide managementtrials have indicated that foliar spraysonly during podding are required tosuccessfully grow this variety. Seed islicensed to Seed Net.Notes on selected kabuli varietiesPBA Monarch A is a high yieldingmedium sized kabuli chickpea welladapted to the short season mediumrainfall environments of South Australia.This is due to improved adaptationthrough earlier flowering and maturitycompared to Genesis090, Almazand GenesisKalkee. It is adapted tothe traditional kabuli chickpea growingregions and has shown a consistent andsignificant yield advantage in Australia(7-13 %) over all current medium andlarge seeded kabuli varieties.It has similar yields and larger seed sizethan Genesis090 but a lower ascochytablight disease rating. Ascochyta blight(AB) management for PBA Monarchwill require at least three fungicideapplications throughout the vegetativeand podding phases in disease proneTable 3. Predicted long term yields of selected desi chickpea varieties grouped by region in SA. Yields expressedas a percentage of PBA Slasher’s yield (SARDI, PBA & NVT data, 2005-2012).Yorke Pen. Mid North Lower EP Upper EP South East Vic Mallee WimmeraPBA Slasher 2.08 2.13 1.85 0.92 2.03 1.43 1.40yield (t/ha)Ambar 100* 93* 100* 99* 99* 96 95Genesis 079# 101 99 99 95 99 97 96Genesis 090# 92 91 92 84 95 92 94Genesis 509 92 93 90 84* 93Howzat 94 90 96 89* 95Neelam 101* 100* 105* 101* 102 103PBA HatTrick 89 88 90* 83* 93PBA Maiden 102 100 100 101 102 99 100PBA Slasher 100 100 100 100 100 100 100PBA Striker 103 101 103 105 101 97 98Sonali 93 91 94* 95# Small kabuli types * evaluated in less than 5 trials in region, treat data with cautionTable 4. Predicted long term yields of selected kabuli chickpea varieties grouped by region in SA. Yieldsexpressed as a percentage of Genesis 090’s yield (SARDI, PBA & NVT data, 2005–2012).Yorke Pen. Mid North Lower EP South East Vic Mallee WimmeraGenesis 090 yield 1.89 1.91 1.43 1.96 1.20 1.30(t/ha)Almaz 88 86 85 87 82 81Genesis 079 107 104 107 99 104 97Genesis 090 100 100 100 100 100 100Genesis 114 91 87 83 88 89 89Genesis Kalkee 89 85 84* 87 89 90PBA Monarch 101 97 97* 96 99 94* evaluated in less than 5 trials in region, treat data with cautionregions of southern Australia. Seed willbe licensed to Seednet.Almaz A is a medium to large seededkabuli type commercialised by Seednet.Seed size is generally larger than Kaniva,with superior foliar AB resistance butinferior to that of Genesis090.It has been 15-35% lower yielding thanGenesis090 in southern Australiaand will generally require two to fourfoliar fungicide sprays, including a firstapplication six to eight weeks aftersowing, to successfully grow it in thisregion.Genesis079 is a high yieldingsmall seeded kabuli type withresistance to ascochyta blight. It hassmall seed (6-7 mm), smaller thanGenesis090. Genesis079 hasproduced high and consistent yieldsin medium and low rainfall districts ofSA. Seed of Genesis079 is availablethrough Australian Agricultural CropTechnologies.Genesis114 is a medium to largeseeded (8-9 mm) kabuli type chickpeawith yields higher than Almaz andKaniva but less than the smallerseeded Genesis090. Genesis114has moderate resistance to foliar ABmeaning it will require strategic fungicidemanagement to protect yield andensure high quality seed is produced. Itsflowering time is similar to Almaz butlater than Genesis090. It has a mediumto tall erect plant type.Harvestibility of Genesis114 isexcellent with greater height to lowestpod than Genesis090 and Almaz.Genesis114 is licensed to AustralianAgricultural Crop Technologies.Genesis090 was the first kabulitype released in Australia with foliarresistance to AB. It is a small to mediumseeded kabuli (7-8 mm) with mediumheight, erect branches and yieldssimilar to PBA Slasher. Seed is availablethrough Australian Agricultural CropTechnologies.GenesisKalkee is a medium to largeseeded kabuli type similar to Genesis 114but with later flowering and larger seedsize. GenesisKalkee has the largest seedsize of all commercial kabuli types hencemore able to meet the size requirementsof premium high valued markets.However yield and disease resistanceare inferior to the small kabuli typesbut generally equivalent to Almaz in SAmeaning it is likely to require strategicfungicide applications during the year.It is commercialised by AustralianAgricultural Crop Technologies.Herbicide tolerance ofcereal and pulse varietiesBy Michael Zerner, Rob Wheeler andLarn McMurray, SARDIThe level of tolerance to commonlyused herbicides in cereal andpulse varieties has been found tovary between cultivars.Small yield reductions to sensitivevarieties caused by herbicide damagemay not be easily detected on a largescale, but can be verycostly. The variation intolerance may be dueto any combinationof differences inmorphological orphysiological traitsamong the varieties.Australian cereal Michael Zernerand pulse varieties are extensivelytested to determine level of toleranceto commonly used herbicides in SouthAustralia as part of a national GRDCfunded program. All newly releasedvarieties are tested to identify anypotential herbicide sensitivity to provideadditional information to growers for theagronomic management of new varieties.Varieties are first tested in preliminarytrials at higher than recommended ratesof the herbicides to identify any sensitivityto specific herbicides. Once a significantvariety and herbicide interaction hasbeen identified, the variety is tested withthe specific herbicide in more advancedtrials using recommended and higherthan recommended herbicide rates todetermine the severity of the yieldreductions caused by the herbicide. Giventhat environmental conditions stronglyinfluence the level of safety of mostherbicides it is important that varietiesare tested over a number of seasons toclearly identify the level of tolerance.Cereal field trials are conducted atMallala and Kybunga, while the pulses aretested at Minlaton.The level of sensitivity is determinedby yield reductions in comparison tounsprayed controls of the same variety.The long-term results are presented inthe following tables, summarised usingthe symbols below.- not tested or insufficient data. no significant yield reductions at label or higher than recommended rates in (z) trials.N (w/z) narrow margin, significant yield reductions at higher than recommended rate, butnot at recommended rate. Significant event occurring in w trials out of z trials tested.Eg. (2/5) = tested in 5 trials, 2 trials returning a significant yield reduction.x% (1/z) yield reduction (warning) significant yield reduction at recommended rate in 1 trial onlyout of z trials conducted.x-y% (w/z) yield reductions (warning) significant yield reductions at recommended rate in w trialsout of z trials conducted.28 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 29