What to sow next season - Grains Research & Development ...

What to sow next seasonThe essential guide to the most suitable varieties

TARGETEDRESEARCHThe SA Grains Industry Trust will invest $1.65 million in new projects supportingresearch crucial to the advancement of the SA grain industry with funds comingfrom the 30c a tonne contribution on all grain delivered by SA grain growers.IN 2013 – 2014 SAGIT IS SUPPORTING 34PROJECTS INCLUDING:CEREALS• Maximising productivity ofvarieties through agronomicpractices – Australian GrainTechnologies• Rhizoctonia control with fungicides– SARDI• Barley germplasm development– SARDI• Double haploids in wheat andoats – SARDI• Matching seed source to targetenvironments – SARDI• Strategies to reduce white grainon the EP – SARDI• Improving drought stresstolerance of barley – University ofAdelaide• Matching seed nutrient content toimprove yield and vigour in wheat– University of Adelaide• Evaluating the agronomics andfinancial benefits of P efficientcereal varieties – University ofAdelaide• Cost effective selection of highbeta-glucan oats using molecularmarkers – SARDI• Enhancing the grain yield andquality of oats under waterdeficits-SARDI• A new approach to grass controlfor Durum wheat – DurumGrowers Ass.• Demonstrating best managementfor Rhizoctonia on upper EP andMallee – SARDIPULSES, OILSEEDS ANDPASTURES• Pulse Breeding Australiainaugural Pulse Conference –SARDI• Forage Peas – a potential breakcrop option for SA - SARDI• Development of a strand mediccultivar resistant to powderymildew – SARDI• Evaluating clethodim tolerance incanola – SARDI• Improving canola establishment– SARDI• Mould on Faba bean seedaffecting seed quality andmeeting export standards –SARDI• Resistance monitoring ofascochyta blight in lentils – SARDI• Assessment of new vetchvarieties – SARDIOTHER PRIORITIES• XRF as a tool for measuring cropnutrient – University of Adelaide• Traineeships in Applied GrainsResearch – SARDI• Hart Advanced cropping systemsand stubble handling – HartFieldsite Group• Silverleaf nightshade control –PIRSA Biosecurity• Evaluation equipment for UpperEyre Peninsula agricultural events– SARDI• Gross margin guide – RuralSolutions• Economic returns using precisionagriculture – Precision CroppingTechnologies• Managing Brome grass – RuralSolutions• SA crop variety sowing guide –Rural Solutions• Practical development of weedpatch management for adoptionin grains – SARDI• Testing innovative snailmanagement techniques on theYP – YPAS• Farmer groups to focus oninnovative practices in the Mallee– MSFGRAIN INDUSTRYRESEARCH UPDATETRUSTEES OF THESA GRAIN INDUSTRY TRUSTJim Heaslip (Appila),Linda Eldredge (Clare)Michael Treloar (Cummins)David Shannon (Kapunda)The trustees are assisted inproject allocation decisions bySpecial Advisor, Tanja Morgan(Jabuk), and the Scientific Advisor,Dr Allan Mayfield.Project Management:Royal Agricultural and HorticulturalSociety of SAMalcolm Buckby(phone 8210 5230)www.sagit.com.auSowingSowing Guide 2014Sowing Guide 2014GuidePlant Breeder’s Rights 4A SARDI publicationThis edition of the SA Crop VarietySowing Guide has been compiled byOfficers with the South AustralianResearch and Development Institute.It is proudly sponsored by the SouthAustralian Grain Industry Trust inassociation with Primary Industry andResources SA and the Grains Researchand Development Corporation.The SARDI Sustainable SystemsDivision Officers acknowledge thesponsorship of this guide by theSA Grain Industry Trust (SAGIT)and the Grains Research andDevelopment Corporation (GRDC),the contributions of New VarietyAgronomy and Oat Breeding researchand Rural Solutions staff in SA, asas well as collaborative researchstaff in Victoria in producing resultspublished in this edition.The use of National Variety Trial(NVT) results and the analysis ofindividual and long term trial resultsby officers within the NationalStatistics Program is also mostappreciated.Farmer cooperators are also to bethanked for the use of their land forthe trials which have resulted in thedata and information contained inthis edition of the SA Sowing Guide.Most new varieties are protected by PBR andgrowers need to be aware of the implications.Wheat 10Many new wheat varieties feature Australian Hardquality, stem rust resistance and useful CCNresistance coupled with good grain size.Barley 16Malting variety market demand and storagesegregations are important in varietal choice forthe many new malting varieties available.Lupins 22For plantings in 2014 the range of recommendedhigh yielding lupin varieties is confined toJenabillup, PBA Gunyidi and Mandelup.Vetch 24Varieties are available for grain, hay, grazing andgreen manure uses in many rainfall zones.Chickpeas 26PBA Monarch and PBA Maiden are new varietiesavailable for 2014 sowings and offering improvedseed quality for international markets.Herbicide tolerance 29Crop variety sensitivity to herbicides can influencechoice of variety or herbicide use.Canola 34Review and monitor blackleg managementstrategies on a regular basis as the disease hasa high capacity to breakdown varietal resistance.Oats 39Likelihood of producing good milling or hayquality vary greatly between oat varieties and willinfluence varietal choice and marketability.Lentils 44Group B herbicide tolerant PBA Hurricane XT hasbeen released from Pulse Breeding Australia for2014 sowings.Peas 48Three new varieties from Pulse Breeding Australiafor grain, forage and dual purpose are to beavailable from Seednet for 2014 sowings.Triticale 52A range of varieties for specific purposes indifferent rainfall zones are now available includingFusion, Goanna and Yowie.Beans 56Nura and Farah continue to be the varieties ofchoice for the majority of South Australia with anew variety, PBA Rana available in 2015.South Australian Grain Industry TrustImportant notice: Although Primary Industries and Resources South Australia (PIRSA) and staff of SARDI’s Innovative Food and Plant Division have taken allreasonable care in preparing information contained in this SA Crop Variety Sowing Guide, neither PIRSA, SARDI, nor their officers, staff or suppliers involved inthe editing and production of this magazine accept any liability resulting from the interpretation or use of the information set out in this document. Informationcontained in this document is subject to change without notice.2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 3

Sowing Guide 2014Sowing Guide 2014Plant Breeder’s Rights A informationand variety update for 2014By Rob Wheelerand Peter McCormack, SARDIKey Points• Most new varieties are protected byPBR and growers need to be aware of theimplications.• Seed of varieties with PBR protectioncan only be bought from the owner,commercial partner/licensee or an agent(seed merchant) authorised by the owner.• Once purchased, growerscan maintain seed of a varietywith PBR protection to satisfytheir seed requirements for thefollowing season.• Farmers can sell theproducts of a protected varietyfor commercial use as feed orfood (e.g. deliver to Glencore,flourmill or sell as animal feed)unless bound by a ‘closed loop’contract.• Farmers cannot sell, trade or give awaythe variety for seed without authorizationof the owner.• Farmer to farmer trading of seedwithout authorisation of the owner willmake them liable to prosecution.• Commercial marketing arrangementsbetween the owners and the licensee canvary between crops and varieties, andfarmers must be aware of the conditionsof the marketing arrangements.• Before you take delivery of certifiedseed of a new variety, you are encouragedto request a copy of the paddockinspection report and the certificate ofanalysis report. It is important that youread the information contained in theinspection report and the seed analysiscertificate to make sure you are buyingRob Wheelerthe best available seed.• When purchasing seed of a PBRCultivar you should purchase it in thename or names of the entity or entities inwhich you intend to deliver. You shouldretain invoices to prove that you haveentitlement to that seed and the cropproduced.• If farmers are unsure, they should seekinformation from the owner, commercialpartner/licensee or the selling agent(seed merchant).This article explains someof the origins, benefits andrestrictions associated withPBR.Plant Breeder’s RightsPBR was introduced tostimulate private investment inplant breeding by conferringownership rights to varietiesand thereby the potential to market thoserights as part of a commercialisationprocess.The Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994as amended act no:148 2002 gives anowner of PBR the exclusive right to sell,produce or reproduce, import, export,stock or condition the seed of a varietyprotected by PBR (or license anotherperson or organisation to undertakethese activities).The rights are similar to patents orcopyright, (these record ownership of thegenetic material) and are administeredunder the Act. PBR protection can last upto 20 years for broadacre crops.PBR guarantee ownership of a varietybut do not specify how the variety shouldbe commercialised or whether or whereroyalties should be charged.In the absence of a contract statingotherwise, farmers can sell the harvestof a protected variety for directconsumption as food or feed (forexample, deliver it for animal feed or toa flour mill) but they are not permitted tosell, trade or give away the variety for seedwithout the authorisation of the ownersor licensee.Royalties• The concept generally referred to as‘end point royalty’ collection gives thelicensee the right to collect royalties onharvested grain.• Increasingly more varieties beinggrown by farmers use the ‘end pointroyalty’ method of royalty collection.• Farmers should carefully read anydocumentation provided to be fully awareof the conditions when purchasing seedof a variety.While the restrictions in the useof seed under the PBR Act are clearlydefined, other contractual arrangementsmay have been imposed by the licenseefollowing agreement by the owners. Forexample, some contracts specify thatthe harvested grain must be deliveredto certain collection agencies; these arecommonly called ‘closed loop’ marketingarrangements or that EPR’s are on totalgrain production of the variety excludingseed saved for the following yearsproduction, ‘farmer saved seed’.• In some instances growers arepermitted to trade “farmer to farmer”subject to a three party agreementinvolving the farmers and the licensee.This currently applies to Axe, Correll,Espada, Estoc, Gladius, Mace and Scoutwheats.WheatVariety Owner Year of registration Commercial partner/ Royalty Type ($/ Maximum Commentslicenseetonne ex.GST) quality in SAAGT Katana AGT 2009 AGT EPR $3.00 AH Tested as RAC1423AGT Scythe AGT 2004 AGT EPR $1.50 APW Tested as RAC1055Axe AGT 2007 AGT # EPR $2.50 AH Tested as RAC1192Barham AVS 2007 Seednet EPR $2.00 Soft Tested as VO2697RBolac AVS 2006 Seednet EPR $2.10 AH Tested as VQ2621Caparoi NSW DPI 2008 Seednet EPR $2.60 APDR1 Tested as TD60FChara AVS 1999 Seednet EPR $1.00 AH Tested as VI341Clearfield JNZ Intergrain Free to trade EPR $1.12 AHCorack AGT 2011 AGT # EPR $3.00 APW Tested as VW2316Correll AGT 2006 AGT # EPR $2.00 AH Tested as WI23322Derrimut Nugrain/AGT 2006 Seedcell. EPR $2.95 AH Tested as NGSP005Emu Rock Intergrain 2011 Intergrain EPR $3.50 AH Tested as IGW3167Espada AGT 2008 AGT # EPR $2.50 APW Tested as RAC1263Estoc AGT 2010 AGT# EPR $3.00 APW Tested as RAC1412GBA Ruby GBA 2003 Heritage seeds EPR $3.00 ASW Tested as GB 99-099Gladius AGT 2006 AGT # EPR $2.50 AH Tested as RAC1262Grenade CL Plus AGT 2012 AGT EPR $3.80 AH Tested as RAC1689RHyperno AGT 2009 AGT/DGA EPR $3.00 APDR1 Tested as WID22209Justica CL Plus AGT 2011 AGT EPR $3.55 APW Tested as RAC1683Kalka Uni of Adelaide 2003 Durum Growers Assoc EPR $1.50 APDR1Kord CL Plus AGT 2011 AGT EPR $3.55 AH Tested as RAC 1669RKukri Uni of Adelaide 1999 Seednet EPR $1.00 AH Tested as RAC820Longreach Catalina Longreach PB 2006 Seednet EPR $2.50 AH Tested as LRPB0268Longreach Cobra Longreach PB 2011 Pacific Seeds EPR $3.50 AH Tested as LPB07-0956Longreach Dart Longreach PB 2012 Pacific Seeds EPR $4.00 AH Tested as LPB07-1325Longreach Guardian Longreach PB 2006 Seednet EPR $2.50 APW Tested as LRPB0617Longreach Impala Longreach PB 2011 Pacific Seeds EPR $3.50 ASFT Tested as C51021Longreach Lincoln Longreach PB 2006 Pacific Seeds EPR $2.50 AH Tested as LRPB0545Longreach Orion Longreach PB 2010 Pacific Seeds EPR $3.00 ASFT Tested as LRPB04-2039Longreach Phantom Longreach PB 2012 Pacific Seeds EPR $3.80 AH Tested as LPB06-1040Longreach Scout Longreach PB 2007 Pacific Seeds# EPR $2.80 AH Tested as LPB05-1164Mace AGT 2007 AGT# EPR $3.00 AH Tested as RAC 1372Magenta Intergrain 2007 Intergrain EPR $3.00 ASW Tested as WAWHT2726Peake Nugrain 2007 Seedcell EPR $2.95 AH Tested as NGSP006Preston HRZ Wheats 2009 Seednet EPR $3.50 APW (prelim.)Pugsley AGT 2002 PlantTech/ Seednet /AGT EPR $1.50 APW Tested as WI 99069Saintly AGT 2009 AGT/DGA EPR $3.00 APDR1 Tested as WID22279Shield AGT 2012 AGT EPR S3.25 AH Tested as RAC1718Tamaroi NSW Ag 1997 Durum Growers Assoc Seed APDR1 ‘Over the fence’ trading permittedTjilkuri Uni of Adelaide 2010 Durum Growers Assoc Seed APDR1 Tested as WID801Mackellar CSIRO 2001 Seednet EPR $1.00 AWW/FEED *See note belowWID802 Uni of Adelaide 2012 Durum Growers Assoc Seed APDR1 Tested as WID802Wyalkatchem Intergrain 2001 Heritage seeds EPR $1.92 APW Tested as WAWHT2212Yawa Uni of Adelaide 2012 Durum Growers Assoc Seed APDR1 Tested as WID803Yitpi Uni of Adelaide 1999 Seednet EPR $1.00 AH Tested as WI96080All the varieties (with the exception of Tamaroi) listed above are PBR varieties and therefore seed of these varieties cannot be sold, traded or given away, nor can it be ‘tradedover the fence’ without the authorisation of the owners or licensee.These varieties may have ‘End Point’ (EP) royalty or ‘grazing fee’ depending on the ‘end use’ of the crop.Growers purchasing seed of any of these varieties should seek information from the agent (seed merchant), or licensee regarding the type of royalty payment to be made.# Farmer to Farmer trading of Axe, Espada, Estoc, Gladius, Correll, Corack, Mace and Scout is allowed subject to an agreement with the licensee where the original seed waspurchased through a recognized retailer.LupinsVariety State of origin Year of registration Commercial partner/licensee Royalty (ex. GST) CommentsCoromup WA 2006 Coorow Seeds EPR $1.67 Tested as WALAN2173MJenabillup WA 2007 Seednet EPR $2.30 Tested as WALAN2224Jindalee NSW 2000 Seednet EPR $1.38 Tested as WL318Mandelup WA 2005 Heritage Seeds EPR $2.30PBA Barlock WA 2013 Seednet EPR $2.75 Tested as WALAN2325PBA Gunyidi WA 2011 Seednet EPR $2.75 Tested as WALAN2289Wonga NSW 1995 Heritage Seeds SeedAll the varieties listed above are PBR varieties and therefore seed of these varieties cannot be sold, traded or given away, nor can it be ‘traded over the fence’ without theauthorisation of the owners or licensee.4 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 5

Sowing Guide 2014Sowing Guide 2014BarleyVariety Owner Year ofregistrationCommercial partner/licenseeRoyalty Type ($/tonne ex.GST)Maximumquality in SACommentsAdmiral UofA / Joe White Maltings Malting Tested as Wi4259Bass Intergrain 2011 Syngenta EPR $3.50 Malting Tested as WABAR2315Baudin DAFWA 2002 Seednet EPR $3.00 Malting Tested as WABAR2080Buloke AVS 2005 Seednet EPR $2.00 Malting Tested as VB0105Charger UofA / Carlsberg 2013 Aust Grain Growers Co-op EPR $3.80 Malting Tested as Ca412402Compass UofA 2013 Seednet EPR $ Pending classif Tested as WI4593Commander UofA 2008 Seednet EPR $3.80 Malting Tested as WI3416Dhow UofA 2002 Seednet /Heritage seeds EPR $1.70 Malting Tested as WI3102Fathom UofA 2011 Seednet EPR $2.00 Feed Tested as WI4483Flagship UofA 2005 Seednet /Heritage seeds EPR $1.80 Malting Tested as WI3408Flinders Intergrain 2012 Syngenta EPR $3.80 Pending classif Tested as WABAR2537Fleet UofA 2006 Seednet EPR $1.50 Feed Tested as WI3804GrangeR Nickersons 2010 Heritage seeds EPR $2.95 Malting Tested as SMBA09-3353Henley Nickersons 2010 Heritage seeds EPR $2.95 MaltingHindmarsh AVS 2006 Seednet EPR $1.50 Food Tested as VB0324Latrobe Intergrain 2013 Intergrain/Syngenta EPR $4.00 Pending classif Tested as IGB1101Lockyer DAFWA 2007 COGGO Seeds EPR $1.50 Feed Tested as WABAR2288Navigator UofA 2011 Seednet EPR $3.80 Malt Tested as WI 4262Oxford Nickersons 2009 Heritage seeds EPR $2.50 FeedRoe DAFWA 2007 COGGO Seeds EPR $1.50 Feed Tested as WABAR2310Scope AVS 2009 Seednet EPR $3.50 Malt Tested as VB0805Skipper UofA 2012 Seednet EPR $3.80 Pending classif Tested as WI446Sloop SA UofA 2002 Seednet/Heritage seeds EPR $1.70 Malting Tested as WI3167Sloop Vic AVS 2002 Seednet/Heritage seeds EPR $1.70 Malting Tested as VB9953SouthernStar UofA / Sapporo 2013 EPR $3.80 MaltingTorrens UofA 2001 Seednet No royalty Feed Tested as WI3107Capstan UofA 2002 Seednet EPR $1.50 Feed Tested as WI3385Maritime UofA 2002 Seednet EPR $1.50 Feed Tested as WI3297Vlamingh DAFWA 2005 Seednet EPR $3.50 Malting Tested as WABAR2175Wimmera UofA 2011 Pending classif Tested as VB0432Westminster Nickersons 2010 Grainsearrch EPR $3.00 Malting Tested as GS 5033Yarra AVS 2004 Seednet EPR $1.50 Feed Tested as VB0021Most of the varieties listed above are PBR varieties and therefore seed of these varieties cannot be sold, traded or given away, nor can it be ‘traded over the fence’ without theauthorisation of the owners or licensee.Some malting quality varieties attract a lower EPR when grain is sold as feed quality. These included Baudin (EPR $1.00 - feed), Flagship (EPR $1.50 – feed), Vlamingh (EPR$1.50 – feed)A number of new varieties released have been listed but appointment of licensee, EPR or classification are pending. These include Wimmera. Admiral, Charger andSouthernStar are “closed loop” varieties which can only be grown under contract with the licensee.OatsVariety State of origin Year of registration Commercial partner/ Royalty (ex. GST) QualitylicenseeBannister SA 2012 Seednet EPR $2.30 Milling/feedBrusher SA 2002 AEXCO Pty Ltd EPR $1.00* HayDunnart SA 2013 Seednet EPR $2.00 Milling/feedForester SA 2011 AGF Seeds Seed HayKangaroo SA 2003 AEXCO Pty Ltd EPR $2.00* HayMitika SA 2004 Heritage seeds EPR $2.00 Milling/FeedMulgara SA 2009 AEXCO Pty Ltd EPR $2.00* HayPossum SA 2002 Seednet EPR $1.70 Milling/FeedTammar SA 2010 AEXCO Pty Ltd EPR $2.00 HayTungoo SA 2008 AEXCO Pty Ltd EPR $2.00* HayWintaroo SA 2001 AEXCO Pty Ltd EPR $2.00* HayWombat SA 2011 Seednet EPR $2.00 Milling/FeedYallara SA 2008 Seednet EPR $2.00 Milling/FeedAll the varieties listed above are covered by PBR and therefore the seed cannot be sold, traded or given away, nor can it be ‘traded over the fence’ without the authorisation ofthe owners or licensee. *Notes on hay varieties: Growers wanting to purchase seed of Mulgara, Tammar, Tungoo, Wintaroo, Brusher and Kangaroo need to contact one ofthe AEXCO Export Hay Processors. Growers will be asked to declare ‘end use’ (ie export hay or on farm feed) at the point of sale so as to determine the royalty type.Hay sold through an AEXCO export hay processor will incur an ‘end point’ royalty while hay for ‘domestic sale’ or ‘on farm use’ will incur a seed royalty.This endpoint royaltywill increase to $2.00 from October 2013.CanolaVariety Year of registration Commercial partner/licensee RoyaltyArcher 2012 Heritage Seeds Seed (hybrid)ATR Bonito 2013 Nuseed EPR $5.00/tATR Cobbler 2007 Nuseed SeedATR Gem 2011 Nuseed SeedATR Snapper 2011 Nuseed SeedATR Stingray 2011 Nuseed SeedATR Wahoo 2013 Nussed EPR $5.00/tAV Garnet 2007 Nuseed SeedAV Zircon 2011 Nuseed SeedBonanza TT 2012 Pacific Seeds SeedCarbine 2012 Heritage Seeds Seed (hybrid)CB Agamax 2010 Canola Breeders* Seed (hybrid)CB Atomic HT 2012 Canola Breeders* Seed (hybrid)CB Henty HT 2011 Canola Breeders* Seed (hybrid)CB Jardee HT 2009 Canola Breeders* Seed (hybrid)CB Junee HT 2010 Canola Breeders* Seed (hybrid)CB Sturt TT 2012 Canola Breeders* EPR $5.00/tCB Tango C 2012 Canola Breeders* Seed (hybrid)CB Telfer 2009 Canola Breeders* EPR $5.00/tCrusher TT 2010 Pacific Seeds SeedHyola 474CL 2011 Pacific Seeds Seed (hybrid)Hyola 50 2007 Pacific Seeds Seed (hybrid)Hyola 444TT 2010 Pacific Seeds Seed (hybrid)Hyola 555TT 2010 Pacific Seeds Seed (hybrid)Hyola 559TT 2012 Pacific Seeds Seed (hybrid)Hyola 575CL 2010 Pacific Seeds Seed (hybrid)Hyola 577CL 2013 Pacific Seeds Seed (hybrid)Hyola 656TT 2012 Pacific Seeds Seed (hybrid)Hyola 930 2012 Pacific Seeds Seed (hybrid)Hyola 971CL 2012 Pacific Seeds Seed (hybrid)Jackpot TT 2011 Pacific Seeds SeedNuseed Diamond 2013 Nuseed Seed (hybrid)Monola 413TT 2012 Nuseed Crop Network Seed (closed loop with premium)Monola 506TT 2011 Nuseed Crop Network Seed (closed loop with premium)Monola 605TT 2011 Nuseed Crop Network Seed (closed loop with premium)Pioneer 43C80 (CL) 2008 DuPont Pioneer SeedPioneer 43Y85 (CL) 2012 DuPont Pioneer Seed (hybrid)Pioneer 44Y84 (CL) 2010 DuPont Pioneer Seed (hybrid)Pioneer 44Y87 (CL) 2013 DuPont Pioneer Seed (hybrid)Pioneer 45Y86 (CL) 2012 DuPont Pioneer Seed (hybrid)Pioneer 45Y88 (CL) 2013 DuPont Pioneer Seed (hybrid)Thumper TT 2011 Pacific Seeds SeedVictory V3001 2008 Cargill/ AWB Seed (hybrid)(closed loop with premium)Victory V3002 2011 Cargill/ AWB Seed (hybrid)(closed loop with premium)Victory V3003 2011 Cargill/ AWB Seed (hybrid)(closed loop with premium)Xceed Oasis CL (Juncea) 2009 Seednet EPR $5.00/tExceed X121 CL 2013 Seednet Seed (hybrid)All the varieties listed above are PBR varieties and therefore seed of these varieties cannot be sold, traded or given away, nor can it be ‘traded over the fence’ without theauthorisation of the owners or licensee.This is NOT a complete list of PBR’s Canola varieties but a selection of recently released varieties. Space prevents us from listing allvarieties.If growers intend sowing seed of varieties other than those listed above they will need to check the PBR status of those varieties.* Canola Breeders ceased operations in 2013. It is likely that some or all of it of its varieties will be marketed into the future.At the time of writing future marketing arrangements for Canola Breeders canola varieites are not clear.SARDI ReSEARCH>>sowing the seeds of success! www.sardi.sa.gov.au6 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 7

Sowing Guide 2014Field peasVariety State of origin Year of registration Commercial partner/ licensee Royalty (ex. GST) CommentsBundi Vic 2005 Premier Seeds No EPR No PBR –white seedKaspa Vic 2001 Seednet EPR $2.00Maki NSW 2008 AGT EPR $4.00 Blue field peaMorgan VIC/NSW 1998 Hart Bros Seed ‘Dual purposeParafield SA 1999 PlantTech Pty Ltd Seed No PBRPBA Coogee PBA 2013 Seednet EPR $2.60 Dual purpose, Non ‘Kaspa’ seed typePBA Gunyah PBA 2010 Seednet EPR $2.50 ‘Kaspa’ seed typePBA Hayman PBA 2012 Seednet Seed Dual purposePBA Pearl PBA 2012 Seednet EPR $2.70 White seedPBA Percy PBA 2011 Seednet EPR $2.60 Non ‘Kaspa’ seed typePBA Oura PBA 2011 Seednet EPR $2.60 Non ‘Kaspa’ seed typePBA Twilight PBA 2010 Seednet EPR $2.50 ‘Kaspa’ seed typePBA Wharton PBA 2013 Seednet EPR $2.60 ‘Kaspa’ seed typeSturt Vic 2003 Premier Seeds Seed White seedSW Celine introduction 2006 Nuseed. EPR $3.00 White seedYarrum NSW 2004 AGT EPR $4.00 Non ‘Kaspa’ seed typeAll the varieties listed above are PBR varieties, except Parafield, and Bundi and therefore seed of these varieties cannot be sold, traded or given away, nor can it be ‘tradedover the fence’ without the authorisation of the owners or licensee. # contact DPI Victoria for seed.TriticaleVariety State of origin Year of registration Commercial partner/ Royalty (ex. GST) CommentslicenseeBerkshire NSW Waratah Seeds Co.Bogong UNE/NSW Seednet EPR $2.20Canobolas UNE/NSW 2008 Seednet EPR $2.20Chopper SA 2010 AGT EPR $3.00Endeavour NSW Waratah Seeds Co. Area based Royalty Tested as AT528Fusion SA 2012 AGT EPR $3.00 Tested as TSA 291Goanna SA 2012 Cooper/Elleway No PBR or royaltyHawkeye SA 2007 AGT EPR $2.50Jackie NSW 2001 Waratah Seeds Co. Seed Dual purpose/grazingJaywick SA 2007 AGT EPR $2.50Kosciusko NSW 2003 Wilson Bros. SeedTobruk NSW Waratah Seeds Co. Area based Royalty Tested as AT574Tuckerbox SA 2010 Cooper/Elleway No PBR or royaltySpeedee SA 2003 Seed Distributors No PBR or royaltyYowie SA 2010 Cooper/Elleway SeedSome of the varieties listed above are PBR varieties and therefore seed of these varieties cannot be sold, traded or given away, nor can it be ‘traded over the fence’ without theauthorisation of the owners or licensee. Credit, Rufus, Speedee, Tickit, Tahara, Tuckerbox, Treat and Yukuri are no longer covered by PBR and can be traded ‘over the fence’.Sowing Guide 2014BeansVariety State of origin Year of Commercial partner/ Royalty Maximum quality Commentsregistration licenseeFarah SA 2003 Heritage Seeds EPR $3.00 Fie grade 1 Tested as 483/3Fiesta VF SA 1998 Heritage Seeds No PBR or royalty Fie grade 1Nura SA 2005 Seednet EPR $3.30 Fie grade 1PBA Kareema SA 2009 PGG Wrightson EPR $4.00 Broad beanPBA Rana SA 2011 Seednet EPR $3.85 New category Tested as 974*(611*974)/15-1All the varieties listed above are PBR varieties or have ‘commercial marketing arrangements’ and therefore seed of these varieties cannot be sold, traded or given away, norcan it be ‘traded over the fence’ without the authorisation of the owners or licensee.ChickpeasVarietyState of Year of Commercial partner/ Royalty (ex Maximum quality Commentsorigin registration licenseeGST)Almaz CLIMA 2005 Seednet EPR $6.50 Kabuli type Med size 8-9mmAmbar WA 2012 Heritage Seeds EPR $ 4.00 Desi type Splitting and direct consumptionGensis509 Vic 2005 AACT EPR $5.00 Desi type ‘splitting’ enduseGenesis079 Vic 2007 AACT - Kabuli type Small size 6-7mmGenesis090 Vic 2004 AACT EPR $5.00 Kabuli type Small size 7-8mmGenesis114 Vic 2007 AACT - Kabuli type Med size 8-9mmGenesisKalkee Vic 2011 AACT EPR $5.00 Kabuli type Med-large size 8-10mmGenesis425 Vic 2007 AACT EPR $5.00 Kabuli type Small size 7-8mmNafice CLIMA 2005 Seednet EPR $6.50 Kabuli type Med-large size 8-10mmNeelam WA 2012 Heritage Seeds EPR $4.00 Desi type Splitting and direct consumptionPBA Boundary PBA 2011 Seednet EPR $4.00 Desi type Splitting and direct consumptionPBA HatTrick PBA 2009 Seednet EPR $4.00 Desi type Splitting and direct consumptionPBA Maiden PBA 2013 Seednet EPR $4.00 Desi type Splitting and direct consumptionPBA Monarch PBA 2013 Seednet EPR $6.50 Kabuli type Med size 8-9mmPBA Pistol PBA 2011 Seednet EPR $4.00 Desi type Splitting and direct consumptionPBA Slasher PBA 2009 Seednet EPR $4.00 Desi type Splitting and direct consumptionPBA Striker PBA 2012 Seednet EPR $4.00 Desi type Splitting and direct consumptionAll the varieties listed above are PBR varieties or have ‘commercial marketing arrangements’ and therefore seed of these varieties cannot be sold, traded or given away, norcan it be ‘traded over the fence’ without the authorisation of the owners or licensee.LentilsVariety State of origin Year of registration Commercial Royalty (ex. GST) Market restrictionspartner/licenseeAldinga SA 1994 AFCA None NoneBoomer CIPAL 2005 Seednet EPR $5.00 Delivery to nominated receiversNipper CIPAL 2005 Seednet EPR $5.00 Open marketing to authorised tradersNorthfield SA 1996 AFCA No royalty Open marketing to authorised tradersNugget CIPAL 1999 Heritage seeds EPR $5.00 Open marketing to authorised tradersPBA Ace PBA 2012 PB Seeds Pty Ltd EPR $5.00 Open marketing to authorised tradersPBA Bolt PBA 2012 PB Seeds Pty Ltd EPR $5.00 Open marketing to authorised tradersPBA Bounty PBA 2009 PB Seeds Pty Ltd EPR $5.00 Open marketing to authorised tradersPBA Flash PBA 2009 PB Seeds Pty Ltd EPR $5.00 Open marketing to authorised tradersPBA Herald XT PBA 2011 PB Seeds Pty Ltd EPR $5.00 Open marketing to authorised tradersPBA Hurricane XT PBA 2013 PB Seeds Pty Ltd EPR to be confirmed Open marketing to authorised tradersPBA Jumbo PBA 2010 PB Seeds Pty Ltd EPR $5.00 Open marketing to authorised tradersPBA Blitz PBA 2010 PB Seeds Pty Ltd EPR $5.00 Open marketing to authorised tradersTiara CIPAL 2006 Seednet EPR $8.00 Under contract, AWB SeedsAll the varieties listed above, except Aldinga, Northfield and Digger, are PBR varieties or have ‘commercial marketing arrangements’ and therefore seed of these varietiescannot be sold, traded or given away, nor can it be ‘traded over the fence’ without the authorisation of the owners or licensee.VetchVariety State of origin Year ofCommercial partner/ RoyaltyCommentsregistration licenseeCapello SA 1999 Heritage seeds Seed Namoi alternativeHaymaker Plus SA 1999 Heritage seeds Seed High level hard seedMorava SA 1999 Heritage seeds Seed Forage useRasina SA 2006 Heritage seeds Seed Tested as SA34719All the varieties listed above are PBR varieties or have ‘commercial marketing arrangements’ and therefore seed of these varieties cannot be sold, traded or given away, norcan it be ‘traded over the fence’ without the authorisation of the owners or licensee.Explanation of abbreviationsABB = Australian Barley Board, AEXCO = Australian Exporters Company, AFCA = Australian Field Crop Association, AVS= AgVic Services, AWB = Australian Wheat Board, SAGIT= South Australian Grains Industry Trust, AGT = Australian Grain Technologies, AAC = Australian Agricultural Commodities, CBWA = Western Australian Canola Breeders, COGGO= Council of Grain Grower Organisations, DAFWA= Dept Agriculture and Food Western Australia, DGA = Durum Growers Association, EGA = Enterprise Grains Australia, GBA =Grain Biotech Australia, PBA = Pulse Breeding Australia, UofA = University of Adelaide8 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 9

Sowing Guide 2014Sowing Guide 2014grain size like Yitpi albeit with slightlylower test weight, and is susceptible to preharvest sprouting. Trials indicate Gladiusto have a lower tolerance to Ally ® andHussar ® . Seed available through AGT(conditional Seed Sharing allowed).Grenade CL PlusAGrenade (RAC1689R) is animidazolinone herbicide tolerant(Clearfield type) replacement forJustica CL Plus . It is early to mid seasonflowering with moderate resistance toTable 1: Some agronomic characteristics of selected varieties under SA conditions.VarietyMax.QualityFloweringColeoptilelengthCCN, useful rust resistance (stem rust –MR, stripe rust (WA-Yr17) – MRMS andleaf rust - MS) and susceptible to yellowleaf spot. It has improved test weight andsprouting tolerance over Justica and an AHclassification with seed available from AGT.Justica CL PlusAReleased in early 2011, Justica CL Plus(RAC1683) carries two genes forClearfield resistance and thereforehas improved levels of toleranceto imidazolinone herbicides overBorontol.CCNresis.SproutingtoleranceOther featuresClearfield JNZ and Clearfield STL. Itis derived from Gladius and Spear, isslightly later maturing than Gladius andhas similar levels of disease resistancealthough it is now rated MSS to leaf rust.Justica CL Plus has an APW classificationand has pre-harvest sprouting tolerancesimilar to Yitpi. Within NVT, Justica CLPlus has yielded similarly to Yitpi. Seed isavailable through AGT.Kord CL PlusAKord CL Plus (RAC1669R) carriesAGT Katana AH EM - MI MS MI* Strong dough properties like KukriAxe AH E MS MI S I / VI Good early vigour, moderate test weightBarham ASFT EM M MI MS I* Bowie plant typeBolac AH L - - S I* Acid soil toleranceCatalina AH EM - - R MI / I*Cobra AH EM M MI MRMS I Potential for moderate test weightCorack APW EM MS I RMR MI Below minimum disease standards for YrCorrell AH M ML MT MR I / VI* Potential for low test weightDart AH E - - S MI/I Low tilleringDerrimut AH EM - MT R MI* Short stiff strawEmu Rock AH E M - S I Plump grain like ‘Kukri”Espada APW M - MT MS I / VI Moderate test weightEstoc APW ML - MT MR MI Good test weightGladius AH EM M MT MS I / VI Moderate test weight, low tolerance of Hussar®Grenade CL Plus AH EM M T MR MI / I 2 gene Imidolazine tolerantGuardian APW EM - MT R I* ‘Janz like’ grain size and susceptibility to sproutingImpala ASFT EM M - S I Below minimum standards for leaf rustKord CL Plus AH EM - MT MR I 2 gene Imidolazine tolerantJustica CL Plus APW M - MT MS MI 2 gene Imidolazine tolerant, below minimum standards for leaf rustLincoln AH EM - MI S I / VI* ‘Janz like’ grain size and susceptibility to sproutingMace AH EM MS T MRMS MI / I Well below minimum disease standards for YrPeake AH EM - - R MI* ‘Janz like’ grain sizePhantom AH ML MS MT MRMS MI / I Potential early growth yellowingPugsley APW ML ML MT MS MI / I* Lodging potentialScout AH EM ML T R MI Below minimum disease standards for YrShield AH EM MS MI MR MI Potential for moderate test weightWallup AH M M I MR MI / I*Wyalkatchem APW EM MS MI S I Short stiff straw, below minimum disease standards for Yr.Yitpi AH ML M MT MR MI / I Well below minimum disease standards for SrDurumsCaparoi APDR M MI / I* Plump and high protein achieverHyperno APDR M MS I* Some high temperature toleranceKalka APDR EM M MT MS MI / I* Derived from Yallaroi, improved boron toleranceSaintly APDR E MS MI / I* Awnless headTamaroi APDR M I MS MI / I* Popular and widely adaptedTjilkuri APDR M I*WID802 APDR MYawa APDR M MS Potential for small grain size* indicative rating more data neededFlowering: E= early; EM= early to mid season; M= midseason; ML= mid to late season; L=lateColeoptile: L = long; M = moderate: S = shortBoron tolerance: I = intolerant; MI = moderately intolerant; MT = moderately tolerant; T = tolerant- variety yet to be fully evaluated. ? provisional rating based on limited dataCCN tolerance indicates the ability of the variety to grow and yield in the presence of CCN. Resistance refers to the ability of the variety to reduce CCN carryover.Information on sprouting tolerance was provided by Prof Daryl Mares, University of Adelaide and disease resistances were provided by Dr Hugh Wallwork, SARDItwo genes for Clearfield resistanceand therefore has improved levels oftolerance to imidazolinone herbicidesover Clearfield JNZ and Clearfield STL.It is derived from Gladius with similarmaturity and susceptibility to pre harvestsprouting but is MR to CCN.Kord CL Plus is has an AH classification.Kord CL Plus has yielded slightly below(2-3%) Gladius in long term NVTevaluation. Seed available through AGT.Longreach Catalina ACatalina (LPB0268) is an AH quality,CCN resistant variety suited to mediumto higher rainfall districts across SEAustralia. Catalina is several days earlierflowering than Yitpi and has acceptablephysical grain quality.Catalina has good resistance to stemand leaf rust, moderate susceptibility tostripe rust and is MSS to yellow leaf spot.Long term yields have been slightlybelow Yitpi and it has shown sensitivityto Cadence® at recommended labelrate and timing. Seed available throughSeednet.Longreach Cobra ACobra (LPB07-0956) was recentlyreleased in Western Australia as an earlymaturing Westonia derivative with AHquality and high yield potential, althoughfurther evaluation in SA is required.Cobra has good resistance to stem andleaf rust but rated MSS to stripe rust,MRMS to CCN and MS to yellow leaf spot.Cobra has good grain size and moderatetest weight and is moderately susceptibleto pre-harvest sprouting. Seed availablethrough Pacific Seeds.Longreach Dart ADart (LBP07-1325) is a very earlymaturing, AH quality wheat with goodearly vigour and good resistance to allrusts and yellow leaf spot but susceptibleto CCN. Dart shows restricted tilleringand in combination with quick maturity,seeding rates should be kept up tomaximise yield. Seed available throughPacific Seeds.Longreach Lincoln ALincoln (LPB03-0545) has mid-seasonmaturity, AH quality and is a moderateyielding (similar or lower than Yitpi)variety.It has excellent resistance to all rustsincluding both WA and WA+Yr17 striperust pathotypes and good resistance toYLS and powdery mildew, but susceptibleto CCN.Lincoln has grain size similar to Janz andis susceptible to pre-harvest sprouting.Seed available from Pacific Seeds.Longreach Phantom APhantom (LRPB07-1040) is a mid tolate flowering, AH quality variety derivedfrom Yitpi with resistance to CCN, goodresistance to powdery mildew and allrusts but rated SVS to yellow leaf spotand shows mid-season “yellowing”similar to Yitpi. Phantom has good blackpoint tolerance, boron tolerance, lowscreenings and acceptable test weight.Seed available through Pacific Seeds.Longreach Scout AScout (LPB05-1164) is an AH qualityvariety with mid-season maturity, derivedfrom Yitpi. It has good resistance tostem and leaf rust and the WA stripe rustpathotypes but carries VPM and is ratedMS to the WA+Yr17 pathotype in easternAustralia. Scout is R to CCN and MRMSto powdery mildew but rated SVS toyellow leaf spot. Scout has good physicalgrain quality and similar sproutingtolerance to Yitpi but slightly moresusceptible to black point. Seed availablethrough Pacific Seeds (conditional SeedSharing allowed).Mace AMace (RAC 1372) is derivedfrom Wyalkatchem, but has an AHclassification, taller plant height, is MRto stem rust, MR to leaf rust and is ratedMRMS to CCN,YLS and Pratylenchusthornei.Although Mace has good resistance tothe older WA stripe rust race, it is rated asSVS to the WA+ Yr17 stripe rust strain andif grown, must be carefully monitoredand best avoided in districts prone tostripe rust unless a fungicide regime is inplace.Mace has been widely tested since 2009in NVT in SA and shows wide adaptationcoupled with high yield potential andwheat on wheat application. Seedavailable through AGT (conditional SeedSharing allowed).Magenta AMagenta was released from DAFWA in2007 as a mid season flowering, millingwheat with an APW classification in SA.In SA NVT, average yields have beensimilar to Gladius, although improvedon Yorke Peninsula, but while Magentahas good resistance to stem, leaf rust andyellow leaf spot, it is MS to stripe rust andsusceptible to CCN. Magenta has a longcoleoptile and seed is licensed to Nuseed.Peake APeake (NGSP006) released in 2007, is amedium-short strawed, mid maturing (5-6days earlier than Yitpi) variety that is nowgenerally outclassed for yield by newervarieties. Peake is MRMS to stem andstripe rust and R to leaf rust. Peake isCCN resistant, boron tolerant and is S toyellow leaf spot. Peake has AH quality andcan produce small grain under dry springconditions. Peake is available throughSeedcell.Shield AShield (RAC 1718) is an early to midseasonflowering, moderate yieldingmilling wheat with AH classification andacid soils tolerance. Shield has resistanceto CCN, good resistance to all rusts(stem rust – MR, stripe rust (WA-Yr17)– MR and leaf rust – R) and rated S toyellow spot. Shield has good black pointresistance (MRMS), moderate test weightand a low sprouting risk (MI). Seedavailable from AGT.Wallup AWallup (VV4978-1) was recently in 2011for the Victorian Wimmera and othermedium to higher rainfall regions.Wallup has AH quality combined withearly to mid-season maturity, CCNresistance, acceptable stem, stripe andleaf rust resistance, moderate (MSS)levels of yellow leaf spot resistance andgood black point resistance.It has useful resistance to root lesionnematodes, excellent straw strengthand limited evaluation in NVT shows amoderate yield potential. Seed availablethrough AGT (conditional Seed Sharingallowed).SOFT WHEATSBarham ABarham (VO2697R) is closely related toBowie but has CCN resistance, improvedrust resistance albeit MSS to the WA +Yr17 strain of stripe rust, improved grainyield and quality eligible for the ASFTgrade in SA.Barham is a mid season variety withsimilar maturity and plant type to Bowieand produces large grain with lowscreenings losses but low test weights likeBowie and is moderately susceptible toblack point. Barham was released by AGTand available through Seednet.Longreach Impala AImpala is an early to midseasonsoft biscuit (ASFT) wheat targeted toeastern Australia. Impala has mid-seasonmaturity, is susceptible to CCN, has goodstem and stripe rust resistance, but issusceptible to leaf rust. Impala produceslarge grain with improved test weightover Bowie and low screenings losses andis MRMS to black point. Seed is availablethrough Pacific Seeds.12 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 13

Sowing Guide 2014Sowing Guide 2014Table 2: Mean yield (% of trials average) of varieties from SARDI and NVT trials (2008-2012), and reaction to common disorders.Agricultural districtStem Stripe Leaf Septoria Yellow Powdery BlackLower Eyre Upper Eyre Murray Mid North Yorke Pen. South East Rust Rust Rust tritici leaf Mildew pointPen Pen Malleeblotch spotAGT Katana 105 14 108 29 107 27 104 16 104 15 105 15 MSS MRMS MS MS MS MRMS SAxe 102 14 103 29 103 27 100 16 100 15 102 15 MRMS RMR MR SVS S MSS SBarham 103 2 100 15 97 2 97 15 MR MSS MRMS MSS MSS SVS MRMSBolac 101 2 101 6 100 6 96 5 MRMS RMR MS MS S - MSSCatalina 100 14 100 29 100 27 99 16 99 15 99 15 MR MS R MRMS MSS MSS SCobra 107 6 110 13 106 6 104 4 105 3 109 4 RMR MSS MR MSS MS MSS MSSCorack 110 8 116 18 117 16 112 12 111 9 110 9 MR MS MS MSS MR VS MSSCorrell 103 14 105 29 105 27 102 16 102 15 101 15 MR MRMS MSS MRMS SVS MRMS MSDart 101 4 102 7 101 6 101 8 98 6 103 4 MR MRMS RMR MS MSS MRMS MRMSEmu Rock 106 8 111 18 110 16 107 12 106 9 106 9 MRMS MRMS MSS MSS MS MSS MSEspada 105 14 108 29 109 27 104 16 106 15 106 15 MR MRMS R S MS S SEstoc 103 14 105 29 105 27 103 16 104 15 103 15 MR MRMS MRMS S MSS MSS MSGladius 103 14 105 29 105 27 102 16 102 15 102 15 MR MRMS MS MSS MS S MSGrenade CL Plus 100 6 101 13 101 12 101 8 101 6 98 7 MR MRMS MS MS S MSS -Guardian 104 9 103 5 102 6 105 12 105 12 105 11 RMR MS MS MSS S - MSImpala 104 12 105 12 RMR MR S S MSS RMR MRMSJustica CL Plus 101 8 101 18 102 16 100 12 101 9 100 9 MR MRMS MSS S S S SKord CL Plus 100 5 103 11 103 10 100 8 99 6 98 5 MR MRMS MS MS MSS MSS MRLincoln 100 14 100 29 101 27 100 16 101 15 100 15 MR RMR MR MSS MRMS MR MRMace 109 11 115 24 113 21 110 14 111 12 109 12 MR SVS MR MRMS MRMS MSS MSMagenta 103 14 105 29 105 27 103 16 105 15 103 15 RMR MS MRMS MRMS MRMS MRMS SOrion 97 16 96 15 MR MSS R MS MSS S SPeake 102 14 103 29 102 26 102 16 100 12 101 15 MR MRMS R MS S MRMS MSSPhantom 104 8 103 18 104 16 104 12 105 9 106 9 MR MR MRMS MRMS VS MRMS MRScout 109 11 110 24 109 21 110 16 109 15 111 12 MR MS R MRMS SVS MRMS SShield 103 6 105 13 107 12 103 8 104 6 96 3 MR MR R S S MR MRMSWallup 103 7 105 6 101 11 104 12 104 9 106 9 RMR MRMS MS MSS MSS S MRMSWyalkatchem 106 14 109 29 107 27 107 16 107 15 106 15 MRMS S MS MR MRMS SVS MSYitpi 102 11 102 22 102 21 100 12 101 12 100 11 S MRMS MS MRMS SVS MRMS MSav trial yield t/ha 4.01 2.07 2.12 3.71 4.07 4.06DurumsCaparoi 99 23 100 21 MR MR MRMS RMR MR - MSSHyperno 106 23 104 21 R MR RMR RMR MRMS MR MSKalka 99 24 99 21 MR MR RMR MRMS MRMS SVS SSaintly 105 23 104 21 MR MR MRMS MRMS MRMS VS MSTamaroi 98 27 99 24 MR MR MR S MRMS MSS MSTjilkuri 103 15 104 15 MR MR MR MRMS MRMS S MSSWID802 107 15 107 15 RMR MR RMR MR MRMS - -Yawa 113 15 113 15 RMR RMR MR MR MRMS MS MRav variety yield t/ha 3.26 3.07- insufficient dataR = resistant MR = moderately resistant MS = moderately susceptible S = susceptible VS = very susceptible - = variety yet to be fully evaluatedBlack Point is not a disease but is a physiological response to certain humid conditions.Information on disease reaction was provided by the Field Crop Pathology Unit (SARDI) and compiled before the full data from 2013 was available. Contact Dr Hugh Wallwork(08) 8303 9382Longreach Orion AOrion is a mid to long season maturingsoft biscuit (ASFT) wheat targeted toeastern Australia. Orion, is susceptible toCCN and YLS but has good stem and leafrust resistance and is MSS to the WA-Yr17stripe rust pathotype.Orion is MS to black point andsusceptible to sprouting. Seed availablethrough Pacific Seeds.DURUM WHEATSCaparoi ACaparoi (TD60F) was developedand released by the Tamworth DurumProgram and has been widely tested inSA, showing slightly earlier floweringthan Tamaroi, similar yields and goodsemolina colour.Caparoi has excellent physical grainquality and high grain protein. Seedavailable from Seednet.Hyperno AHyperno (WID22209) has a similarmaturity, adaptation and diseaseresistance profile to Kalka and Tamaroi,but generally offers greater yields,improved semolina colour and bettersprouting and black point tolerance.Hyperno is eligible for APDR grade inSA and was released from AGT withseed available from the Durum GrowersAssociation.Saintly ASaintly (WID22279) is awnless, earlierflowering than Kalka and Tamaroi, andhas performed very well in dry finishingconditions in SA.Saintly has slightly less stem and stripe rustresistance compared to Hyperno. Saintlywas released from AGT with seed availablefrom the Durum Growers Association.Tjilkuri ATjilkuri (WID801) has a similarmaturity, adaptation and diseaseresistance profile to Tamaroi, butgenerally offers greater yields, likeHyperno together with improvedsemolina colour. Tjilkuri is eligible forAPDR grade in SA and was released fromthe University of Adelaide in 2010 withseed available from the Durum GrowersAssociation.Yawa AYawa (WID803) was released fromthe University of Adelaide with seedavailable from the Durum GrowersAssociation. Yawa has a similar maturity,adaptation and disease resistance profileto Tamaroi, but offers very high yields,albeit with generally small grain size andhigh screening potential under stressconditions. Yawa has excellent semolinacolour and is eligible for APDR grade inSA.WID802WID802 has just been released from theUniversity of Adelaide with seed availablefrom the Durum Growers Association.WID802 is targeted for the SE of SA(Tatiara districts) and has a similarmaturity, adaptation and diseaseresistance profile to Tamaroi, but offershigh yields, albeit with sometimes smallgrain size. WID802 is eligible for APDRgrade in SA.Domestic Flours Millers WheatVariety PreferencesMost of South Australia’s wheat isexported to the Middle East for flat andpan bread production, and to a lesserextent noodle production. The domesticflour millers purchase a small proportionof South Australian wheat either frommarketers or directly from growers.The domestic flour millers can havedifferent quality requirements to exportmarkets due to different end productsand processes employed. Table 3 lists theflour millers’ variety quality ratings, whichprovide growers with an indication of themost highly sought varieties. For furtherinformation, contact Laucke Flour Mills(03 5431 5201).Table 3. Domestic Flour Millers Assessment - S.A. Wheat Varieties (updated September 2013)1 = not sought 2 = some requirement 3 = highly sought VG = very good, G = good, A = acceptable, M = marginal, P = poor, VP = very poor, H = High, PV - MED = MediumVariety End Product Category Quality Parameters CommentsPreferred GradeMax Class GradePlant BakeryArtisan breadsBiscuitCakeHot plate goodsMilling QualityFlour ColourWater AbsorptionExtensibilityMax ResistancePaste ViscosityBarham Soft SF1 2 3 2 G A VG VG G MEDAcceptable Biscuit quality/H&ABowie Soft SF1 3 3 2 A A G A A H&A Acceptable Biscuit qualityAxe AH AH 1 1 G A VP P VP MED&A G VP Very poor WA with strong inextensible dough, excessive bakery mixtimeBolac AH AH 2 2 G A G G G MED&A G P Has good water absorption and dough strength, but long mix timeCatalina AH AH 1 1 G A/M A A/M VP H&A A P Very strong dough with excessive mix timeClearfield JNZ AH AH 3 2 G A A G G MED&A G G Acceptable Hard wheat qualityCorrell AH AH 3 1 G A A-M G A MED&A G A Acceptable AH qualityDerrimut AH AH 3 1 G A A/M G A MED&A G A Appears acceptable for Plant bakeryGladius AH AH 1 3 G A A/M M P MED&A G VP Inextensible and bucky doughs with excessive Bakery mix times.AGT Katana AH AH 1 3 Very strong variety. Closed loop release system.Kukri AH AH 1 3 G G M G P MED/H&AP VP Optimum value as separate segregation due to excess mixrequirementLincoln AH AH 3 2 A A/G A/G A/M A MED&A G G Suitable Domestic Mill qualityMace AH AH 3 1 G G G A A G A M suitable AH quality for Domestic MillsPeake AH AH 3 1 G A A G A MED&A G A Good potential for Plant Bakery application - slightly long mix timeYitpi AH AH 3 2 G A A A A MED/H G A Acceptable Hard wheat quality.&AYoung AH AH 2 2 G A A A M MED&A P Marginal AH quality - has strong dough & long mix time. Requires rapidtest bake evaluationAGT Scythe APW APW 2 1 G A M P A H&A M A Marginal APW QualityFrame APW APW 3 2 G M G M A MED/H VG VG Good APW quality - has short extensibilityScout AH AH 2 1 G A M A A G A M Suitable as AH for Domestic MillsWyalkatchem APW APW 3 1 G A M G A A G G Good APW quality - but marginal Water AbsorbtionNew varieties - indicative assessments onlyDart AH AH 3 2 G A VG VG A A A Appears Good AH quality. High WA, long mix, balance dough &acceptable bake quality.Estoc APW APW 2 1 A A G M A A P P Marginal APW Quality expect some interest from Domestic MillsEmu Rock AH AH 2 2 A G A VG M M A A Appears suitable for Domestic Mills. Tough dough & marginal long mixtime only concern.Kord CL Plus AH AH 3 1 A A A A A M A M Suitable for Domestic MillsJustica CL Plus APW APW 1 3 M A A A M M A P Strong dough, suit specialist use onlyCorack APW APW 3 1 A A A A A A A A Good usable APW. Appears suitable for Domestic MillsGrenade CL Plus AH AH 2 2 G A G A M A M M Marginal Strong AH. Expect some interest from Domestic Mills.Cobra AH AH 3 1 A M M G A P A A Appears suitable for Domestic Mills. Low viscosity & colour a concernShield AH AH 3 1 A A A A A A M M Marginal strong AH. Should suit Domestic Mills.Phantom AH AH 3 1 A A G A A A M M Appears suitable as AH for Domestic MillsWallup AH AH 1 2 A A A A M A P P Long Mix requirement. Suit specialist segregation. Limited interestImpala Soft SF1 2 Appears suitable for Domestic Mills as soft wheatRapid DoughMixing Time14 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 15

Sowing Guide 2014Sowing Guide 2014Barley variety sowing guide 2014by Rob Wheeler, Senior Scientist,New Variety Agronomy Group, SARDIThis sowing guide provides dataand guidance on the mostsuitable barley varieties for sowingin South Australia in 2014. Duringthe past 12 to 18 months, many newvarieties have been registered with futurepotential to be grown in SA.These include,Bass, Compass,Fathom, Henley,La Trobe, Grange,Skipper, Navigatorand Wimmera. Mostof these varietiesare potential maltquality varieties yetto be accredited byindustry, but someRob Wheelermay be available for contracted andlimited production in 2014. NationalVariety Trial (NVT) data gatheredacross seasons for many of thesevarieties is limited and due to limitedseed release for 2014 they may nothave been included in the list below,but are included within notes on newvarieties. Due to limited market demandand outclassed yield and agronomiccharacteristics, SloopSA has beenremoved from the list for 2014.Varieties have been listed belowaccording to quality classification gradeand in alphabetical order and not inorder of preference.The decision to grow either a malting orfeed variety may depend on one or morefactors, including;• market demand and malting varietalstorage segregations in bulk storagefacilities (Table 1);• the difference in payments betweenmalting and feed grades as related toyield differences (Table 2). Furthermore,differential pricing of varieties willcontinue and growers need to considermarket premiums and discounts inaddition to agronomic performance tomaximize profitability;• the probability of producing a maltingVariety Max. Grade Suitability and significant featuresBass A malting Medium to high rainfall areas (>400 mm)Buloke A malting All areas except where leaf rust and CCN is a problem.Commander A malting All areas, except prone to net form net blotch.Flagship A malting Central Region close to domestic markets and Eyre Region, with timelyharvest a priority.Gairdner A malting Medium to high rainfall areas (>400 mm), now agronomically outclassedNavigator A malting South East region but prone to leaf rustSchooner malting All areas, now agronomically outclassed, declining industry demandScope A malting All areas except where leaf rust and CCN is a problem. Imizadoline tolerantHindmarsh A food All areas noting modest early vigour and weed competitiveness especially inlight soils.Barque A feed All areas, except where high risk of leaf scald or net form net blotch, nowoutclassed by new varietiesCapstan A feed Medium to high rainfall areas where very high yields are targeted and testweight is easily achieved.Fathom A feed All areasFinniss A feed - hull-less Specialised variety for on-farm animal feed use in all areas. High powderymildew riskFleet A feed All areas, particularly for districts with lower rainfall and light soilsKeel feed All areas except deep sandy soils of lower fertility and avoid areas prone toleaf rustOxford A feed Medium to high rainfall areas (>400mm) especially where leaf rust isprevalentgrade barley;• disease resistance and agronomicconsiderations (Table 3 and Table 4respectively).For long term stability in farm returnsand market supply and demand, farmersnow growing only feed varieties shouldconsider including some maltingvarieties in their cropping. However, itis important that growers contact theirgrain marketers of choice to discussmarket demand prior to sowing a maltingvariety. Malting barley is grown, storedand sold on a variety-specific basis and it isimportant to ascertain if the variety chosen isable to be stored and marketed in your area(Table 1).Net form net blotch remains asignificant disease threat to barleyproduction across South Australia andTable 1. Malt variety market suitability and demand in SAExport grain use Domestic malt use Shochu use current SA segregationsBass being assessed being assessed being assessed nilBuloke PREFERRED (increasing) PREFERRED (increasing) no demand widespread (increasing)Commander PREFERRED (increasing) PREFERRED (increasing) acceptable widespread (stable)Flagship PREFERRED (stable) PREFERRED (stable) acceptable limited (stable)GrangeR being assessed being assessed no demand nilHenley being assessed being assessed no demand nilNavigator no demand PREFERRED (increasing) no demand limited (SE)Schooner acceptable (decreasing) acceptable (decreasing) acceptable limited (decreasing)Scope being assessed acceptable (increasing) no demand limited (increasing)Sloop SA is no longer accepted as a malting variety in SA. The new varieties, Admiral, Charger and SouthernStarare niche malting quality varieties grown under closed loop contract. See more information within the varietynotes section. Flagship is most suitable for Central districts close to domestic markets and Eyre Peninsula whereexport malting and Shochu segregations are established.growers should refrain from growingbarley on barley, or planting highlysusceptible varieties, unless a vigilantfungicide strategy is planned.Cereal cyst nematode levels should becarefully monitored when susceptiblevarieties such as Schooner, Scope,Buloke, Oxford and Gairdner are grown.Seed dressings having activity on powderymildew should be applied to all varietiessusceptible to powdery mildew, particularlywhen sown before June.Notes on older varietiesBuloke A is a high yielding, exportquality profile malting variety developedby VicDPI and released in 2005. It is atall, midseason variety, with a floweringtime similar to Commander. Buloke hasshown consistent high yield and hasuseful resistance to net form of net blotchand powdery mildew but susceptibility toCCN and some leaf rust strains. Bulokehas averaged slightly lower retentionand higher screenings but similar testweight to Commander and is moderatelysusceptible to black point. Bulokehas a moderately short coleoptile andmoderately slow early growth and seed isavailable through Seednet.Commander A is a malting quality varietydeveloped by the University of Adelaideand suitable for domestic and Chineseand SE Asian export brewing markets.Commander has mid-season maturityand across many seasons, demonstrateswide adaptation and very high yieldrelative to other malting varieties,particularly in seasons with favourablespring finishes. Commander has excellentgrain plumpness, but has generallylower test weight relative to Schoonerand Flagship. Commander is resistantto CCN but has modest foliar diseaseresistance, being moderately susceptibleto most foliar diseases including net formnet blotch and therefore should not begrown on barley stubble and areas proneto net form net blotch. Commander ismoderately resistant to powdery mildew.Seed is available through Seednet.Flagship A was developed and releasedfrom the University of Adelaide BarleyProgram in 2005 and has an exportmalt quality profile. Flagship is a tall,midseason maturity variety with goodearly vigour and weed competitiveness,but modest straw strength with lodgingresistance similar to Schooner. Flagshipcan show high levels of soil boron toxicitysymptoms which may reduce grain sizebut otherwise has slightly lower retentionand higher screening than ‘Sloop types’.Flagship is susceptible to sproutingand timely harvest is recommended.Flagship is available through Seednet andHeritage Seeds.Finniss A is a hulless variety releasedfrom the University of Adelaide BarleyBreeding Program and targeted at foodand animal feed markets. Finniss hasgood straw strength and head retention,Table 2: Yield of barley varieties in South Australian agricultural districts expressed as a percentage of trial site average yield (SARDI and NVT data 2008 - 2012 inclusive,with number of observations in italics).Region Yorke Peninsula Murray Mallee Mid North Lower Eyre Central EyreSouth EastPeninsulaPeninsulaYield Obs No Yield Obs No Yield Obs No Yield Obs Yield Obs No Yield Obs NoNoMALTING (SA)Bass 102 18 97 11 103 12 102 11 99 16 103 9Buloke 102 22 101 14 102 15 101 14 103 20 101 9Commander 107 22 108 14 105 15 104 14 109 20 106 9Flagship 99 22 97 14 99 15 97 14 102 20 95 9Gairdner 97 22 100 5 97 15 96 12 99 4 98 9GrangeR 111 14 105 9 106 9 109 9 107 12 107 5Henley 105 17 106 9 103 12 105 11 105 12 106 7Navigator 94 13 95 12 96 4 96 7Schooner 90 22 91 14 92 15 91 14 93 20 90 9Scope 101 17 100 12 101 12 99 11 101 16 99 7FOODHindmarsh 111 22 104 14 110 15 108 14 111 20 108 9FEEDBarque 102 22 102 14 100 15 98 14 106 20 100 2Fathom 114 14 110 9 112 9 106 9 115 12 108 5Fleet 111 22 110 14 108 15 105 14 114 20 107 9Keel 101 22 100 14 101 15 97 14 109 18 97 8Maritime 99 22 100 14 99 15 98 14 101 20 98 8Oxford 106 22 106 12 105 15 109 13 105 16 109 9PENDING MALT ACCREDITATIONCompass 121 5 123 3 115 3 113 3 126 4 115 2Flinders 103 14 100 9 103 9 104 9 102 12 103 5La Trobe 117 9 111 6 114 6 111 6 118 8 110 4Macquarie 95 9 94 6 97 5 97 6Skipper 106 12 103 9 105 9 102 8 106 12 104 5Wimmera 105 17 96 3 104 12 106 9 104 9region av. yield (t/ha) 3.23 2.36 3.99 3.86 2.53 4.2616 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 17

Sowing Guide 2014Sowing Guide 2014and resistance to CCN, leaf rust and tocommon strains of leaf scald. Finniss issusceptible to powdery mildew. It is asemi dwarf type with mid season maturitylike Schooner. Grain yield is similar toSchooner and well above other hullesstypes such as Torrens. Seed is availablethrough Seednet.Fleet A is a midseason maturing, CCNresistant feed barley, developed by theUniversity of Adelaide as a replacementoption for Barque and Mundah. Fleethas a long coleoptile, and combinesthe plant type of Barque with the yieldpotential of Keel, and the adaptationto deep sandy soils of Mundah. Fleetexhibits an excellent disease resistanceprofile, although now showing increasedsusceptibility to net form net blotch.Fleet has plump grain but slightly lowertest weights than other feed types. It’sstrong awn can reduce threshabilityand attention to concave and thresheradjustment is important, especially inmaintaining test weight. Seed is availablethrough Seednet.Hindmarsh A is an early maturing, semidwarf,food quality variety developed byVicDPI, and released in 2006. Hindmarshoffers excellent yield potential and grainquality with resistance to CCN, variableresistance to leaf rust and leaf scald andsusceptibility to spot form net blotch.Hindmarsh has slow early growth and ashort coleoptile and attention to seedingdepth is important in stubble systems.Where triadimenol seed dressing andpre-emergent herbicide is used, researchhas shown shallow sowing with increasedseed rates to be more advantageous thandeeper sowing to avoid potential damage.Seed is available from Seednet.Keel, an early flowering, high yielding,feed quality variety was released in1999 and is now generally outclassedby Hindmarsh and Fleet in SA. Highsusceptibility to leaf rust and in recentyears, development of susceptibility to netform net blotch, have further detractedfrom this once very popular variety.Maritime A is a tall, early maturing feedvariety with CCN resistance releasedby the University of Adelaide in 2004.Maritime was developed specificallyfor manganese deficient soils where itexhibits good adaptation. Maritime hasmoderate to high yield potential onother soil types, and offered a gooddisease resistance profile but is now verysusceptible to the net form net blotch.Maritime has excellent physical grainquality and early vigour, and is a goodoption for lower rainfall environmentswhere tall straw and high test weightsare sought but areas of low risk of netform net blotch. Seed is available throughSeednet.Oxford A is a feed quality variety whichhas shown very high yield potential inseasons with high spring rainfall. Oxfordhas late maturity good straw strengthand head retention. While Oxford issusceptible to CCN, leaf scald and spotform net blotch, it has good resistanceto leaf rust and powdery mildew. It is alsonow appearing susceptible to new strainsof net form net blotch. Oxford is a usefuloption for SE high rainfall districts. Seedis available through Heritage Seeds.Scope A is a tall, mid-season maturing,imidazolinone tolerant barley withmoderate to high yield potential across arange of medium rainfall environments.Its disease resistance profile is very similarto Buloke with the main concern beingsusceptibility to some leaf rust strains andincreased susceptibility to spot form netTable 3: Disease reaction of selected barley varietiesVarietyCCNresistanceCCNtolerancePowderymildewLeafscaldLeafrustNet blotch(spot form)Net blotch(net form)BlackpointBarque R T MR SVS MRMS-S RMR MSS SBass S T MS MR-S R - MS MSS MSS MRBuloke S T MR MS MS-SVS MS MR MSCommander R T MR S MS-S MS MS MSSCompass R T MR MR-SVS MRMS-S MS MRMS-MS MSSFathom R T MR R MR-SVS MR MS-S SFlagship R T MRMS MS MRMS-S MRMS MR MSSFleet R T MRMS MRMS MRMS-S RMR MR-S MSFlinders S T MR S MRMS-S MSS MR-MS MSSGairdner S T MR R-S MS-S S MRMS MRGrangeR S T MR MSS MR S MR MSHenley S T R R-SVS MR-MRMS S MR MSSHindmarsh R T MS R-VS MRMS-S S MR SKeel R T MRMS MS VS MR MS SVSLa Trobe R T MR R-VS MRMS-S S MR SMaritime R T S MSS MS-S MRMS VS MSSNavigator R T R R VS MR MR-S MSSOxford S T R MS-S R-MRMS MSS MR-S MRSchooner VS T S MSS SVS MS MR MSScope S T MR MSS MS-SVS MSS MR MSSSkipper R T MR S MSS-SVS MRMS MR MSSloop SA R T S S SVS SVS MR SWimmera S T S MSS R-MRMS MS MR MRDisease rating codes: R = resistant; MR = moderately resistant; MS = moderately susceptible; S = susceptible; VS = very susceptible.A range of reactions is provided where different strains of the pathogen exist and where the variety may respond differently to them.Information on disease reaction wassupplied by the Field Crop Pathology Unit (SARDI). Contact Dr Hugh Wallwork (08) 8303 9382.Table 4: Agronomic characteristics of selected barley varietiesVarietycoleoptilelengthEarlyvigourTilleringabilityStandingabilityHeightto headEarlinessto flowerHeadretentionEase ofthreshingBoron toxsymptomsManganeseefficiencyBarque 6 9 6 7 6 5 3 6 3Bass 7 4 4 6 8Buloke 4 5 7 5 7 5 4 8 3Commander 6 6 7 4 6 5 5 7 6Compass 6 6 - - 6 6 7 - 6Fathom - 7 8 7 6 7 6 4 5 -Flagship 5 5 7 5 6 5 7 7 8Fleet 8 6 8 3 7 6 5 4 5Gairdner 5 4 9 6 5 4 8 6 7 3GrangeR 7 6 5Henley 8 4 4Hindmarsh 3 3 8 7 5 7 7 7 8Keel 6 8 5 6 8 5 6 6 4La Trobe 3 3 8 7 5 7 7 7 8Maritime 7 8 7 4 6 6 7 7 8 7Navigator 6 4 9 7 4 4 7 8 2Oxford 6 9 8 4 3 8 7 7Schooner 6 6 7 6 7 5 4 7 7 5Scope 5 7 5 7 5 4 8 3Skipper 3 6 7 3 6 7 6 7 3Sloop SA 6 6 7 5 7 5 3 7 7 6Wimmera 5 4 9 8 4 3 8 6 7Relative values based on a 0-9 scale, a high figure indicating the variety expresses the character to a high degree. These values are only a guide; growing conditions greatlyinfluence differences. * A high boron toxicity symptom score relates to high presence of leaf symptoms.blotch in the northern mallee in 2013.Scope completed malting accreditationin March 2013 but limited segregationand marketing opportunities will beavailable until international marketdevelopment is successfully completed.Scope has registration for use with anappropriate BASF Clearfield herbicideand this herbicide tolerance makes Scopean attractive option for brome and othergrass control, particularly in mallee typesoils. Seed is available through Seednet.Notes on New VarietiesAdmiral A is a new malting barleydeveloped by Joe White Maltingsand the University of Adelaide. It is asemi-dwarf variety with stiff straw andmaturity slightly later than Gairdner,hence is suited to high yield potentialenvironments. It offers good resistance tonet form net blotch, powdery mildew, leafrust, scald and CCN, but is susceptible tospot form of net blotch. Admiral will begrown under production contracts forsupply to Joe White Maltings.Bass A (WABAR2315) has beendeveloped and recently released fromIntergrain as an export quality barley,which has recently passed Barley Australiamalt accreditation. It is a mid to latematuring variety with variable resistanceto scald and leaf rust, resistance to barleyyellow dwarf virus but no CCN resistanceand it is susceptible to both net and spotform net blotch. Bass has shown verygood physical grain quality with hightest weight and low screenings. Seed isavailable from Intergrain for the 2014season.Charger A (CA412402) is a new maltingbarley developed by Carlsberg andHeineken Breweries in collaborationwith the University of Adelaide. It ismid maturing with good straw strengthand resistance to leaf rust and powderymildew but is very susceptible to net formof net blotch.Charger has shown consistently highgrain yield particularly in favourableenvironments. Contract production isexclusively managed by Australian GrainGrowers Cooperative.Compass A (WI4593) is a new varietyundergoing malting accreditation withpotential for release to growers in 2015.It is closely related to Commander butis significantly higher yielding based on2012 NVT data in SA. More evaluationis needed to confirm this differenceacross seasons. Compass has midseasonmaturity and is agronomically similar toCommander. Compass has shown goodphysical grain quality with high retentionand low screenings and moderate testweight. Seed will be available fromSeednet.Fathom A (WI4483) is an early maturingfeed quality variety developed using wildbarley to improve stress tolerance andwater use efficiency. Fathom has averagedvery high yields similar to Hindmarshbased on NVT data from 2010 to 2012and shows good early vigour and weedcompetitiveness. Fathom has good levelsof resistance to CCN, scald, powderymildew and spot form net blotch. Fathomhas shown susceptibility to NFNB andleaf rust and is not recommended forgrowing in high risk situations unless anappropriate fungicide strategy is applied.Seed is available from Seednet.GrangeR A is a new high yielding varietywhich recently passed Barley Australiamalt accreditation but is yet to seeindustry demand. It is mid maturingand targeted for areas with more than400mm rainfall. GrangeR has good levelsof resistance to powdery mildew, leaf rustand net form net blotch but susceptibilityto spot form net blotch, CCN and leafscald. Seed is available from HeritageSeeds.18 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 19

Sowing Guide 2014Henley A is a European malting barleylicensed to Heritage Seeds underevaluation in Australia. It is mid to latematuring and targeted for areas withmore than 400mm rainfall. Henley hasgood levels of resistance to powderymildew, leaf rust and net form net blotch,susceptibility to spot form net blotchand CCN and variable scald resistance.Malting accreditation will not becompleted before March 2014 with seedavailable from Heritage Seeds.La Trobe A (IGB1101) is currentlyundergoing malt accreditation withpotential for release to growers in2014. It is an early maturing semi dwarfvariety with growth habit and plantarchitecture very similar to Hindmarsh,and its agronomic performance has alsobeen similar to Hindmarsh. La Trobeis resistant to CCN and net form of netblotch but susceptible to SFNB likeHindmarsh. Seed will be available fromIntergrain Pty Ltd.Navigator A (WI4262) has beendeveloped by the University of Adelaideand is a recently released and accredited,domestic malt quality variety. Navigator ismid to late maturing, similar to Gairdnerbut offering 2-3% higher yield potential,significantly improved physical grainquality and a good disease resistanceprofile with the exception of highsusceptibility to leaf rust and some strainsof net form net blotch. Production will betargeted for the South East region of SA.Seed is available from Seednet.Skipper A (WI4446) has been developedby the University of Adelaide as an earlymaturing, potential malting qualityvariety and is expected to completeBarley Australia malt accreditation in2015. Data from NVT in SA since 2009has shown Skipper to yield similarly toCommander and a useful alternative inlower rainfall environments.Skipper has good resistance to bothforms of net blotch, powdery mildewand CCN but is high susceptibile to somestrains of leaf rust and is susceptible toleaf scald. Strong performance in Shochumarket evaluation will see significantcontract production in 2014 and retailseed is expected to be available forcommercial production in 2015 fromSeednet.SouthernStar A is a new malting barleydeveloped by Sapporo Breweries andthe University of Adelaide. SouthernStaris based on the variety Flagship andincorporates a patented novel gene forimproved beer quality. It has almostidentical agronomic characteristics toFlagship with good early vigour, CCNresistance and a strong foliar diseaseresistance profile. SouthernStar also hassensitivity to sprouting so timely harvestmust be a priority. SouthernStar will begrown under production contracts forsupply to Barrett Burston Maltings andJoe White MaltingsWimmera A (VB0432) was developed bythe Victorian DPI and the University ofAdelaide as a potential malting quality,mid to late maturing variety. Wimmera isundergoing malt accreditation trials withcompletion expected by March 2014. Ithas similar plant architecture to Gairdnerhowever it has significantly higher yieldpotential as shown in SA NVT since 2009.During the past three seasons Wimmerahas averaged more than 10% higheryield than Gairdner. Wimmera has goodresistance to leaf rust, powdery mildew,net form net blotch and black point butis susceptible to leaf scald and CCN.Seed will be available for commercialproduction in 2014.onPractical Grains r&D viDeosWherever you are!search, broWse, share, comment… subscribe!Groundcovertv on youtube … research to Profit Grain Growers.www.grdc.com.au/Gctv20 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014Level 1, Tourism House | 40 Blackall Street, Barton ACT 2600 | PO Box 5367, Kingston ACT 2604 | T +61 2 6166 4500 | F +61 2 6166 4599 | E grdc@grdc.com.au | W www.grdc.com.au

Sowing Guide 2014Lupin variety sowing guide 2014By Andrew Ware, SARDI, Port LincolnThere will be no newly releasednarrow leafed lupin varietiesavailable for South Australiangrowers in 2014. PBA Barlock A wasreleased Western Australia in Spring,2013, but seed is not expected to beavailable to South Australian growersuntil 2015.PBA Barlock A is a high yielding narrowleafed (Australian sweet) lupin. It wasreleased as a replacement to Tanjil Aand Wonga A in areas with high riskof anthracnose. Yields are equivalentor greater to Mandelup in most areasof South Australia, with its greatestadvantage on the Eyre Peninsula. Whichsuggest it may have a role replaceMandelup for growers willing to wait until2015 for seed.For plantings in 2014 the range ofrecommended high yielding lupinvarieties is confined to Jenabillup A , PBAGunyidi A and Mandelup A .Narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinusangustifolius) are well suited to acid andsandy soils, and continue to be grown insuitable areas as a key component of thefarming system.Recent improvements in grainpricing for lupins and a possible moveaway from a heavy reliance on wheat/canola rotations is expected to see thearea grown to lupins increase in comingseasons.Domestic marketingFor producers wanting to sell intoVictorian and NSW markets theymust continue to satisfy anthracnosefreedom, market access and transportingprotocols. Anthracnose grain tests arethe most common means of identifyinganthracnose freedom for marketing.Paddock inspection for anthracnosefreedom is usually the cheaper optionper tonne of grain produced, butunfortunately this option is still notavailable to Eyre Peninsula lupin growers.To establish eligibility for paddockinspection, sowing seed needs to havebeen tested for anthracnose.Grazing of Lupin StubblesLupin stubbles can providea high value feed source tolivestock, however in recent yearsa number of growers have lostsignificant stock numbers tolupinosis. This livestock healthproblem occurs as a result oftoxins being produced from thephomopsis fungus that developsin the lupin stem as the plant matures. Allcurrent varieties have a reasonable levelof resistance that slows the developmentof the phomopsis fungus. However,when significant rain occurs while thecrop matures and afterwards, fungaldevelopment can still occur regardless ofthe resistance the plant has.Care must be taken in grazing lupinstubbles and it may advisable not to grazesome paddocks at all given wet conditionsat and after harvest.Lupin paddocks should be grazed atthe first opportunity after harvest. Stockmust have access to a good quality watersupply. Older stock are less affectedthan young stock. Bulky crops and croptopping both aid the development of thefungus and can increase risk of lupinosisoccurring. Tight lupin rotations alsoincrease the risk.Lupin agronomyOne of the most commonly reportedproblems lupins suffer from in SouthAustralia is poor emergence. This isparticularly prevalent in the varietyMandelup . Poor germination of seedwill obviously effect establishment butwill also enhance any crop effects frompre-emergent herbicide and as well asdecreasing early vigour. Growers areTable 1. Narrow-leafed lupin variety sowing guide2012.Rainfall zone (average annual rainfall)Low Medium High< 375 mm 375-500 mm > 500 mmMandelup A Mandelup A Jenabillup AJenabillup A Jenabillup A Mandelup APBA Gunyidi A PBA Gunyidi A PBA Gunyidi AAndrew Wareencouraged to seek germinationtests on seed so that seedingrates can be increasedto compensate for poorgermination or alternative seedsourced.Manganese deficiency canhas also shown to be an issuein recent years. Lupin plantshave a strong demand formanganese as seeds develop and mature.Manganese deficiency can influence seeddevelopment and cause split or shrivelledseed in pods. Deficient plants can remaingreener for longer causing difficultyat harvest. Manganese deficiency canbe overcome by applying 1kg/ha ofManganese at flowering. The timing ofthis application is important. Manganeseshould be applied at mid-flowering of thefirst lateral. By this stage growth of thefirst pods on the main stem should be 2 –2.5cm long.Variety performancePBA Barlock was the highest yieldingof the released varieties in 2012 breedingand NVT trials across South Australia,eclipsing Jenabillup yields by 4% andMandelup yields by 11%, when averagedacross all sites. Long term yields showPBA Barlock having a slight advantageover the other released varieties on EyrePeninsula, but not performing so wellrelative to the other varieties elsewhere inthe state.Notes on current narrow-leafedlupin varietiesJenabillup A has been extensively trialledin SA for seven years with a long termaverage 1% higher than Mandelup acrossall South Australian sites. It typicallyhas an advantage over Mandelup at thelonger growing season areas, where itsextended flowering window can assistwith increased yield. Jenabillup flowersslightly later and for a longer period thanMandelup, making it less suitable to croptopping. Jenabillup does have resistanceto black pod syndrome, although rarelyseen in South Australia. Jenabillupdoes not have tolerance to metribuzinTable 2. Agronomic features of narrow-leafed lupin varieties.Variety Flowering Height EarlyvigourLodging(highrainfall)herbicide. It has a low anthracnose rating(MS). Jenabillup was first available toSouth Australian growers in 2011 andseed is available through Seednet.Jindalee A is the latest flowering andmaturing variety currently available. Itparticularly suits early sowing in higherrainfall districts where its vernalisation(cold requirement) prevents it fromflowering too early. It is well suited tosituations of bulky dense canopies thatwould otherwise lead to poor pod set inother varieties. Jindalee can also benefitfrom late spring rains.Its long-term yield performance is wellbehind Mandelup across all districts inSA. Jindalee’s anthracnose rating is MS.This level of anthracnose resistance isgenerally adequate though, if combinedwith seed testing, paddock monitoringand sound crop hygiene management.Jindalee is moderately tall and vigorous, isresistant to phomopsis and is moderatelyresistant to brown leaf spot.In SA it appears to have improvedresistance to root rots and prematurewilting that occurs on duplex soils withshallow underlying clay. Jindalee hasspeckled seed and medium seed alkaloidlevels. Seed is available through Seednet.Mandelup A has established itself as aleading variety in SA (table 3). It is atall variety, with good early vigour andvery early flowering and maturity, makingit well-suited to low to medium rainfalldistricts in SA, but still yields well inhigher rainfall areas. Its early maturitymakes it suitable for crop topping, withcareful attention to correct timing.Pod loss/shatterAnthracnoseBrownleaf spotGrey SpotMandelup’s wide adaptation has seen itperform well over a range of seasons.In addition to its yield advantages,Mandelup has moderate anthracnoseresistance, slightly less than Wonga. It ismoderately resistant to phomopsis stemblight and CMV seed transmission andresistant to aphids.It is moderately susceptible to brownleaf spot. It does however suffer fromsome pod loss with delayed harvest, andseed quality can suffer with a wet harvest.A possible weakness in higher rainfalldistricts is its poorer stem strength andpotential lodging, although this has notbeen observed at well grown, wetter sitesin recent years. Seed of Mandelup isavailable in SA through Heritage SeedsPty Ltd.PBA Barlock A (tested as WALAN2325)was released in WA in spring 2013,with seed expected to be available toSouth Australian growers in 2015. It isresistant to anthracnose and tolerant tometribuzin herbicide. PBA Barlock hasimproved resistance to pod shatteringover Mandelup (equivalent to Tanjil). It is moderately resistant (MR) tophomopsis stem blight (equal to Wonga). PBA Barlock is an early floweringand maturing variety that has grainquality that on average meets marketrequirements. Long term yields show atequal to or improved over Mandelup ,with the greatest advantage on EyrePeninsula. Seed of PBA Barlock will beavailable in 2015 through Seednet.PBA Gunyidi A (tested as WALAN2289)was released in WA in September 2011.CMV onseedSowing Guide 2014Phomopsison stemPhomopsison pod/seedBYMVResistanceCoromup A Early Tall Med MS/MR R MR MS R MR R R MSJenabillup A Mid Tall Med MR/MS MS MS MS/MR R - MS R MRJindalee A Late Tall Slow MR R MS MR R MS R RMandelup A V early Tall Fast MS MS MR MS R MR R R MSPBA Barlock A Mid Med Med MR R R MS R MR/R MR - MSPBA Gunyidi A Early Med Fast MR R MR/R MS S MR/R R R MS/MRWonga A Early-Mid Med Med MR MR R MS R R MR S MSR = Resistant; MR = Moderately resistant; MS = Moderately susceptible; S = Susceptible.PBA Gunyidi has been released as apotential Mandelup replacement thatimproves on Mandelup by having moreshatter resistant pods.This will give growers the option ofbeing able to harvest later withoutincurring significant losses.PBA Gunyidi is moderately resistant toanthracnose and phomopsis.It flowers and matures early andis resistant to Metribuzin herbicide,but more susceptible to damage fromEclipse®.In five years of evaluation in SouthAustralia PBA Gunyidi has yielded almostequivalent to Mandelup across the state,with the Upper Eyre Peninsula showingthe highest yield advantage. Seed isavailable through Seednet.Wonga A is an early flowering, moderateyielding lupin released from NSW. It ismoderately tall and vigorous and standserect. Wonga is resistant to anthracnose.Wonga has speckled seed and mediumseed alkaloid levels. It matures slightlyslower than Mandelup.Wonga has moderate resistance topremature wilting on duplex soils withshallow underlying clay.Wonga is suited to most areas of SA,and remains the best option currentlyavailable to SA growers wanting highlevels of anthracnose resistance.Acknowledgements: Bevan Buirchell andJon Clements (DAFWA) and Mark Richards(NSW, DPI) - part of the Pulse BreedingAustralia national lupin breeding programand Wayne Hawthorne, Pulse Australia,Naracoorte.Table 3. Predicted yield of lupin varieties is SA by region, as a % MandelupVariety LOWER EP UPPER EP MID NORTH MALLEE SOUTH EAST% of No. % of No. % of No. % of No. % of No.Site Mean Trials Site Mean Trials Site Mean Trials Site Mean Trials Site Mean TrialsCoromup 97 12 97 5 98 7 91 7 95 21Jenabillup 101 13 103 6 102 7 98 7 100 21Jindalee 84 16 89 7 88 8 85 8 86 26Mandelup 100 16 100 7 100 8 100 8 100 26PBA Barlock 102 4 104 3 99 3 96 3 99 10PBA Gunyidi 100 9 101 5 100 5 97 5 98 18Wonga 92 15 95 7 86 8 88 8 89 25Mandelup (t/ha) 2.05 1.67 1.78 1.59 1.95Data source: SARDI/GRDC & NVT. 2005-2012 MET data analysis by National Statistics Program.22 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 23

Sowing Guide 2014Sowing Guide 2014Vetch variety sowing guide 2014By Rade Matic, Stuart Nagel and Gregg Kirby,SARDI National Vetch Breeding ProgramVetch is a multi-purpose cropgrown mostly as a disease breakcrop in rotation with cereals in awide range of soil types from light sandsto heavier clay soils.Common Vetch varieties(Languedoc,Blanchfleur, Morava A ,Rasina A , and Cummins) versatility allowscropping for grain or hay production,early grazing as green pasture or fordry grazing, hay production or greenmanure.Grain vetches have been grown in lowerto mid-rainfall cereal areas of SouthernAustralia, and their grain yields havebeen similar to pea yields in these areas.Note that vetch grain is not used forhuman consumption and has limited usein pig rations.Grain from Morava and Rasina can beused without limit to feed all ruminantsand as up to 25% in the diet of pigs.Forage vetches are used for hay,green manure or mid to late winterfeed for grazing. They are purplevetch (V. banghalensis) variety Popany,or Woolly Pod vetches (V. villosa ssp.dasycarpa) varieties Namoi, Capello ® orHaymaker ® . Forage vetches can growsuccessfully in areas of 400 to 650mm ofannual rainfall. Grain from woolly podvetch varieties CAN NOT be used to feedany livestock.Morava and Rasina are resistant to rustand are the preferred varieties for grainin areas prone to rust infections.Disease management is critical whengrowing a vetch crop regardless of theend use, where possible diseaseresistant varieties should beplanted as a preference.Care must be taken whengrowing rust susceptible varietiesas grazing or feeding hay/silagefrom rust infected plants mayinduce abortions in pregnantlivestock. So while it is usuallynot economically viable to use fungicidesfor rust on vetch it may be necessarywhere rust susceptible varieties are to beused as feed.Ascochyta blight occurs in earlier stagesof the vetch crop and can reduce grainand dry matter production, but not likea heavy infestation of Botrytis grey mould(BGM) can in cool/wet growing seasonswith high amounts of vegetative growth.There is little difference between vetchvarieties in their resistance to BGM;varieties like Morava, which producegreater levels of vegetative growth anddenser canopies, will be more prone tothis disease in higher rainfall areas.When selecting a vetch variety growersalso need to consider their individualfarm and paddock situation and mostimportantly the end use targeting for thecrop and to make this selection on all theavailable information.Notes on varietiesCommon vetch (Vicia sativa)Table 1. Vetch grain variety rainfall zones (mm).600Languedoc Rasina Morava Morava MoravaRasina Blanchefleur Rasina RasinaCummins Cummins BlanchefleurLanguedoc CumminsMoravaRade MaticLanguedoc. Languedoc is an earlyflowering and maturing varietyrecommended for low rainfall areasalthough it can lodge severely makingharvest difficult under certain conditions.Languedoc generally exceedsBlanchefleur’s grain yield inareas with less than 350mmrainfall. Its hard seed content isgenerally around 5-10% and it ishighly susceptible to rust.Blanchefleur. Prior to therelease of Morava, Blanchefleurhad been the preferred grain varietyin areas above 350mm rainfall in SA.Blanchefleur has mid maturity, whiteflowers and reddish brown/mottled seedwith orange cotyledons.Blanchefleur is very susceptible torust. It is well suited to medium to highrainfall areas where rust is not a regularproblem. Both vetch and lentils are onthe prescribed grain list of AQIS due tothe vetch-lentil substitution issue, thishas meant export markets of orangecotyledon varieties like Blanchefleur arelimited to small bird seed markets inEurope and seed for grazing and greenmanure crops only.Cummins. Cummins is a mid to earlymaturing, white flowering variety selectedfrom Languedoc. It is well adapted tomedium to low rainfall areas where itgenerally yields higher than Blanchefleur.Cummins is susceptible to rust andmoderate susceptible to Ascochyta blight.Morava A . Morava is a rust resistant lateflowering vetch variety with 100% softseeds, develop by SARDI’s AustralianNational Vetch Breeding Program(ANVBP).Grain yield is superior to othervetches in the high rainfall areas and toTable 2. Vetch hay/silage/grazing and green manuring variety selection600Rasina Rasina Morava Morava CapelloBlanchefleur Morava Rasina Popany HaymakerCummins Cummins Popany Capello MoravaLanguedoc Popany Capello Haymaker PopanyMorava Blanchefleur HaymakerBlanchefleur, Languedoc and Cumminsin all other areas in the presence of rust.It is larger seeded and more resistantto shattering than other vetch varieties.The anti nutritional factor (BCN) levelsare 50% lower than Blanchefleur andLanguedoc.Morava produces higher herbage yieldsthan all other common vetch varieties.Morava is later flowering and maturingthan Blanchefleur and grain yield willbe reduced in environments with dryfinishes.Morava is moderately resistant toAscochyta blight and very susceptible toBotrytis, because Morava produces veryhigh biomass in wet/cool zones.Morava is a PBR variety and can besourced from Heritage Seeds.Rasina A . Rasina is soft seededvetch from the ANVBP, and replacesLanguedoc, Blanchefleur and Cumminsin low to medium rainfall areas forgrain production. Rasina is earlier for5-10 days than Blanchefleur and 10 to 15days earlier than Morava. A significantadvantage over Languedoc, Blanchefleurand Cummins is Rasina’s resistanceto rust and slightly more tolerant toAscochyta blight and Botrytis.However, Rasina is not expectedto replace Morava in higher rainfalldistricts or for hay production. The levelof anti-nutritional factors is 0.6 to 0.8compared to 0.9 to 1.6 in Blanchefleurand Languedoc, respectively.Rasina possesses a distinctive uniformdark brown speckled seed coat with darkbeige cotyledons.Rasina is a PBR variety and can besourced from Heritage Seeds.Purple Vetch (Vicia villosa subsp.banghalensis)Popany is purple vetch. Grain yieldis significantly lower than yields fromcommon vetch varieties.But, seeds are smaller than seeds fromcommon vetch varieties therefore theseeding rate is lower at approximately30-35kg/ha.Grain from this variety can beused as a bird feed in mix with otherrecommended grains. Popany is a latematurity variety, >125 days from seedingto podding.It is a good variety in mid to highrainfall areas for hay/silage. Popany,possesses 5-10% hard seeds. This varietyis resistant to rust but susceptible toascochyta and chocolate spot.Seed coat is black with distinctive whitehilum.Table 3. Characteristics of selected vetch varietiesVariety Maturity Yield potential Flower % of pod % of Disease reaction*Grain Dry colour shattering hard Rust Asochyta BotrytismatterseedsCommon vetch varieties (Vicia sativa)Blanchefleur Mid High Mod White 5-10 5-10 VS MR SCummins Mid-early High Mod White 5-10 5-15 VS MR SLanguedoc Very early High Low Purple 10-20 5-15 VS S SMorava Late High High Purple 0 0 R MS VSRasina Early-mid High Mod Purple 0-2 0 R MR SPurple vetch (Vicia villosa subsp. benghalensis)Popany Very late Low High Purple 20-30 5-10 R S VSWoolly pod vetches (Vicia villosa subsp. dasycarpa)Namoi Late Low Very high Purple 5-10 25-35 R S VSHaymaker Late Low Very high 5-10 20-30 R S VSCapello Late Low Very high 5-10 15-20 R S VSTable 4. 2009-11 grain and dry matter yield for common vetch varieties, plus dry matter yield for woolly podvetch varieties.Variety Grain Dry matter**yield(t/ha)Woolly pod vetch (Vicia villosasubsp. dasycarpa)Capello A and Haymaker A .Woolly podvetches are lower in grain yield comparedwith common vetches, but are muchhigher in dry matter production thancommon vetch varieties in rainfall areas>450mm/yr.Grain from these varieties can not beused to feed any livestock. Also, thisvariety can only be grazed from the% ofBlanchefleuryield(t/ha)% ofMoravaCommon vetch varieties*Blanchefleur 1.89 100 5.71 95.81Morava 2.11 111.64 5.96 100Rasina 2.08 2.08 5.69 95.47Languedoc 0.91 48.11 4.32 72.48Dry matter average for common vetches 5.42Woolly pod vetch varieties**Namoi 6.75 113.26Haymaker 6.59 110.57Cappello 6.15 103.19Dry matter average for woolly pod vetches 6.50Purple vetch varietyPopany 5.28 88.59* data from 5 sites - Blyth, Lameroo, Peake, Kingsford & Charlick.** data for both species presented from 4 sites: Minlaton, Charlick, Kingsford & LamerooTable 5. Plant density and recommended seeding rates for vetch.Common vetch varieties Woolly pod vetch varieties Purple vetch variety*End use Plants density(plants perSowing rate(kg/ha)Plants density(plants perSowing rate(kg/ha)Plants density(plants perSowing rate(kg/ha)sq.m.)sq.m.)sq.m.)Grain 40-60 40-50 40-50 25-40 40-50 25-40Hay/silage 50-70 50-60 50-60 30-45 50-60 30-45Grazing 50-70 50-60 50-60 30-45 50-60 30-45Green manure 60-70 55-65 60-70 45-50 50-60 30-45* in Australia only Popany exsisting as Purple vetch variety10-node stage to podding time. It is notrecommended that grazing occur earlierand also once the plants begin to developseed pods. These two varieties are verygood for hay/silage production in areas>400mm of rainfall annually.Haymaker and Capello are selected softseed varieties from Namoi. In last fewyears these two varieties have becomeprone to hard/dormant seeds.Both varieties are owned by HeritageSeeds.24 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 25

Sowing Guide 2014Chickpea variety sowing guide 2014By Larn McMurray, Research Scientist SARDI,and Kristy Hobson PBA Chickpea Breeder,NSW DPIPulse Breeding Australia releasedtwo chickpea varieties with goodseed quality characteristics in2013 providing growers with new optionssuited to international markets. PBAMonarch, tested as CICA0857, is a highyielding medium sized kabuli chickpeawith adaptation to all kabuli growingareas of Australia.It is particularly well suited to theshorter seasoned medium rainfallenvironments of south eastern Australia.This is due to its earlier floweringand maturity timings than all othermedium sized kabuli varieties and thesmall sized variety Genesis 090.PBA Monarch is rated as moderatelysusceptible to aschochyta blight, similarto Almaz and Genesis Kalkee butinferior to Genesis090. PBA Monarchhas seed size similar to Almaz, largerthan Genesis090 but smaller thanGenesisKalkee. In shorter growingseasons, PBA Monarch may have largerand more consistent seed size than othermedium sized varieties due to its earlierpod filling timing. This combination ofhigh yields and medium sized seed inan early flowering variety is unique inAustralian kabuli varieties and is likely toprovide growers with an alternative kabulioption to both the current medium andsmall sized kabuli varieties providingascochyta blight is managed. Growers stillneed to be aware that all kabuli varietiescurrently have some limitations inagronomic adaptation and marketabilityand will not be suited to all areas or allsituations.The other variety released by PBA for2014 sowings is the large seeded, earlyto mid flowering desi type variety PBAMaiden, evaluated as CICA0717. PBAMaiden is the largest desi chickpea ofthe current southern varieties with aseed size approximately 30% larger thanPBA Slasher. This variety is targeted forwhole seed markets where itslarge, angular shaped and brightyellow-tan coloured seed coatare well suited to the specificrequirements of these marketssuch as Bangladesh. Growers areadvised to investigate deliveryand marketing options forPBA Maiden prior to growingthis variety due to its uniqueand favourable seed characteristics.PBA Maiden has moderate resistance toascochyta blight and a mid flowering andmaturity timing. Its grain yields havebeen similar to PBA Slasher in SouthAustralia but generally less than PBAStriker. Both new varieties are beingcommercialised through Seednet.Selection CriteriaThe list of suggested varieties for2014 is shown in Table 1. A rangeof chickpea types are now availableoffering growers the opportunity toexploit particular management andor market opportunities providingthe limitations of each are known andmanaged. Information on key selectioncriteria and yield for each variety canbe found in Tables 2, 3 and 4. Whenselecting a chickpea type and varietyto grow, growers need to make theirdecision on the basis of AB resistance,yield, price, marketability and availabilityLarn McMurrayof likely target markets. Otheragronomic traits such asmaturity, susceptibility to coldtolerance, root lesion nematodesusceptibility and lodgingresistance need to be consideredalso. When comparing yields,growers need to bear in mindthat under high AB pressure,varieties with moderateresistance or less may suffer greater yieldlosses than the more resistant lines evenwith the application of foliar fungicides.Except for PBA Monarch, larger seededkabuli varieties generally yield 15 to 25%lower than desi types and smaller seededkabuli varieties. Earlier maturing desivarieties ie PBA Striker can yield up to15% higher than the small mid maturingkabuli variety Genesis090. The majorgrain price difference is between the desiand medium to large sized kabuli types,but small differences can exist betweenvarieties based on seed size, appearanceand marketability (Table 2).Chickpea typesDesi typesLarger seeds are preferred for desitypes, regardless of whether they areused for splitting or whole seed end use.There has been an increasing use of largewhole seeded desi types in a range offood preparations in the sub continentTable 1. Chickpea variety sowing guide 2014.Seed typeRainfall zones (mm)Below 400 400–450 450–500 Above 500DesiPBA StrikerPBA SlasherPBA Maiden*NeelamAmbarPBA StrikerPBA SlasherPBA Maiden*NeelamAmbarPBA SlasherPBA Maiden*PBA StrikerNeelamAmbarPBA SlasherPBA Maiden*NeelamAmbarSmall kabuli Genesis 079Genesis 090Genesis 090Genesis 079Medium/large kabuli PBA Monarch PBA MonarchGenesis KalkeeGenesis 114Almaz*Highest quality seed typeGenesis 090Genesis 079PBA MonarchGenesis KalkeeGenesis 114AlmazGenesis 090Genesis KalkeePBA MonarchGenesis 114AlmazTable 2. Agronomic features of chickpea varieties.Variety Seed size Kabuli Seedg/100seedsmain seed coloursize (mm)and a small premium has been availablefor types fitting this use. Newer desivarieties have improved seed size andcolour over older varieties like Tyson andare suited to whole and splitting marketsand therefore more likely to achieve thehigher prices of the benchmark northernregion varieties ie Jimbour. PBA Maidenhas the largest and lightest colour of allsouthern desi varieties.Small kabuli typesBulk markets for the small kabuliGenesis 090 exported from Australia havebeen developed in recent years and theygenerally are paying a premium overthe desi types. However growers needto be aware that while these marketsare still in their infancy, they may haveto hold seed from time to time as themarketing opportunities are not alwaysavailable or maybe limited in terms of sizeand price. Seed size is small, 6-8mm, sowill not attract the higher prices of thelarger seeded kabuli types (e.g. GenesisKalkee).Further premiums may be obtainedby grading and selling the seed on size.Genesis 079 produces predominantly6-7mm seed for the bulk small kabulimarkets and generally attracts a priceat the bottom end of the Genesis090range.MarkettypesuitabilityEarlyvigourMaturityPlantheightAscochytablightfoliageMedium-large kabuli typesPBA Monarch, Almaz, Genesis114 and GenesisKalkee producepredominantly 8 to 10mm seed fortraditional larger seeded kabuli marketswhere larger seed size is imperative toattract premium prices.Notes on selected desi varietiesPBA Maiden A (CICA0717) is a largeseeded high quality desi chickpea for themedium to low rainfall environments ofsouthern Australia. It is broadly adaptedto these regions and has shown similaryields to PBA Slasher. PBA Maiden ismoderately resistant to foliar infection byascochyta blight (equal to PBA Striker).PBA Maiden has a semi-spreading planttype and height similar to PBA Slasher.It has a seed size greater than currentsouthern desi varieties (28 % largerthan PBA Slasher) with a yellow-tan seedcoat. Growers are advised to investigatedelivery and marketing options for PBAMaiden prior to growing this varietydue to its unique and favourable seedcharacteristics. Larger uniform seedsize is more likely in medium rainfallregions. PBA Maiden is well suited to thewhole seed desi markets such as those inBangladesh. Seed is licensed to Seednet.PBA Striker A is a high yielding desiBotrytisgreymouldSowing Guide 2014FloweringFloweringcoldtoleranceLodgingresistancematurityPratylenchusneglectusResistanceToleranceDesi typeAmbar** 16 light split &early early shortmediumR S MRbrown wholeGenesis TM 509 15-17 dark split moderate mid early-mid medium R MS S MR MSbrownHowzat 19-21 light split & poor/mod mid mid medium S MS S MS S MIbrown wholeNeelam** 17 brown split &mid mid mediumtallR S MRwholePBA HatTrick 19-21 light split & moderate midlatemid-late tall MR S S MRbrown wholePBA Maiden 21-24 yellowtanpremium moderate early-mid short-MR S S MSwholemidmediumPBA Slasher 17-19 light split & poor/mod mid mid shortmediumR S S MSbrown wholePBA Striker 20-22 light split & good early early shortmediumMR S MSbrown wholeSonali 16-20 dark split good early early medium S S T MS MRbrownKabuli typeAlmaz 36-42 8-9 cream 8-9mm poor mid mid-late mediumtallMS S S MR MRGenesis TM 079 24-28 6-7 cream 6-7mm moderate early early short R MS S MR MSGenesis TM 090 26-35 7-8 cream 6-8mm good mid mid medium R S S MR MRGenesis TM 114 36-42 8-9 cream 8-9mm good mid mid-late tall MS S S RGenesis TM Kalkee 40-46 8-9 cream 8-10mm good midlatelate tall MS S S RPBA Monarch 37-43 8-9 cream 8-9mm poor/mod early early medium MS S S MSR = resistant, MR = moderately resistant, MS = moderately susceptible, S = susceptible, VS = very susceptible, T = tolerant, MI = moderately intolerant, I = intolerant, NA =not available due to no data. ** These varieties have had limited evaluation in SA.Provisional information produced by COGGO partieschickpea with moderate resistance toAB. It is an early flowering and maturingvariety with very good early vigourlevels and will provide a high yieldingalternative to all chickpea varieties inthe short season, medium to low rainfallenvironments of western and southernAustralia.PBA Striker has a similar plant type toPBA Slasher with larger seed size thanthis variety and all other southern andWestern Australian desi varieties. Seed ofPBA Striker is also light in colour and hasvery good milling characteristics.AB resistance of PBA Striker is lessthan PBA Slasher and Genesis090but improved over Almaz, however itis likely to require both vegetative andreproductive foliar fungicide sprays. Dueto its lower AB rating than PBA Slasherand its early maturity, PBA Striker is notrecommended for high rainfall and longgrowing season districts. Seed is licensedto Seednet.Ambar A is an early flowering andmaturing desi type chickpea releasedfrom Western Australia in 2012 and ratedas resistant to AB. Ambar is high yieldingin WA with similar yields to PBA Slasherbut has had very limited evaluation insouthern Australia. Seed size is smallerthan PBA Slasher and PBA Striker26 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 27

Sowing Guide 2014Sowing Guide 2014but light in colour. Seed is licensed toHeritage Seeds.Neelam A is a mid flowering andmaturing desi type chickpea releasedfrom Western Australia in 2012 and ratedas resistant to AB. Neelam has very highyields in WA generally higher than PBASlasher. It has had limited evaluation insouthern Australia and yields to date havegenerally been similar to PBA Striker.Neelam has a medium tall plant height,taller than PBA Slasher with a seed sizesmaller than PBA Slasher and PBA Strikerbut light in colour. Seed is licensed toHeritage Seeds.PBA HatTrick A , PBA Pistol A & PBABoundary A . These varieties have beenreleased for northern NSW/southern Qld(PBA HatTrick & PBA Boundary) andCentral Queensland (PBA Pistol) wherethey offer specific production advantagesover current variety options. All threehave limited suitability to SA and Victoriadue to susceptibility to AB (PBA Pistol)and late maturity and low relative yields(PBA HatTrick and PBA Boundary).PBA Slasher A has foliar AB resistanceand high yields in all chickpea growingareas of SA. It has a semi-spreadingplant type with mid flowering and midmaturity similar to Howzat. PBA Slasher issuitable for both the split and whole seedmarkets as it has improved seed size andcolour over varieties like Genesis 509which are only likely to be suited for splitseed markets. Fungicide managementtrials have indicated that foliar spraysonly during podding are required tosuccessfully grow this variety. Seed islicensed to Seed Net.Notes on selected kabuli varietiesPBA Monarch A is a high yieldingmedium sized kabuli chickpea welladapted to the short season mediumrainfall environments of South Australia.This is due to improved adaptationthrough earlier flowering and maturitycompared to Genesis090, Almazand GenesisKalkee. It is adapted tothe traditional kabuli chickpea growingregions and has shown a consistent andsignificant yield advantage in Australia(7-13 %) over all current medium andlarge seeded kabuli varieties.It has similar yields and larger seed sizethan Genesis090 but a lower ascochytablight disease rating. Ascochyta blight(AB) management for PBA Monarchwill require at least three fungicideapplications throughout the vegetativeand podding phases in disease proneTable 3. Predicted long term yields of selected desi chickpea varieties grouped by region in SA. Yields expressedas a percentage of PBA Slasher’s yield (SARDI, PBA & NVT data, 2005-2012).Yorke Pen. Mid North Lower EP Upper EP South East Vic Mallee WimmeraPBA Slasher 2.08 2.13 1.85 0.92 2.03 1.43 1.40yield (t/ha)Ambar 100* 93* 100* 99* 99* 96 95Genesis 079# 101 99 99 95 99 97 96Genesis 090# 92 91 92 84 95 92 94Genesis 509 92 93 90 84* 93Howzat 94 90 96 89* 95Neelam 101* 100* 105* 101* 102 103PBA HatTrick 89 88 90* 83* 93PBA Maiden 102 100 100 101 102 99 100PBA Slasher 100 100 100 100 100 100 100PBA Striker 103 101 103 105 101 97 98Sonali 93 91 94* 95# Small kabuli types * evaluated in less than 5 trials in region, treat data with cautionTable 4. Predicted long term yields of selected kabuli chickpea varieties grouped by region in SA. Yieldsexpressed as a percentage of Genesis 090’s yield (SARDI, PBA & NVT data, 2005–2012).Yorke Pen. Mid North Lower EP South East Vic Mallee WimmeraGenesis 090 yield 1.89 1.91 1.43 1.96 1.20 1.30(t/ha)Almaz 88 86 85 87 82 81Genesis 079 107 104 107 99 104 97Genesis 090 100 100 100 100 100 100Genesis 114 91 87 83 88 89 89Genesis Kalkee 89 85 84* 87 89 90PBA Monarch 101 97 97* 96 99 94* evaluated in less than 5 trials in region, treat data with cautionregions of southern Australia. Seed willbe licensed to Seednet.Almaz A is a medium to large seededkabuli type commercialised by Seednet.Seed size is generally larger than Kaniva,with superior foliar AB resistance butinferior to that of Genesis090.It has been 15-35% lower yielding thanGenesis090 in southern Australiaand will generally require two to fourfoliar fungicide sprays, including a firstapplication six to eight weeks aftersowing, to successfully grow it in thisregion.Genesis079 is a high yieldingsmall seeded kabuli type withresistance to ascochyta blight. It hassmall seed (6-7 mm), smaller thanGenesis090. Genesis079 hasproduced high and consistent yieldsin medium and low rainfall districts ofSA. Seed of Genesis079 is availablethrough Australian Agricultural CropTechnologies.Genesis114 is a medium to largeseeded (8-9 mm) kabuli type chickpeawith yields higher than Almaz andKaniva but less than the smallerseeded Genesis090. Genesis114has moderate resistance to foliar ABmeaning it will require strategic fungicidemanagement to protect yield andensure high quality seed is produced. Itsflowering time is similar to Almaz butlater than Genesis090. It has a mediumto tall erect plant type.Harvestibility of Genesis114 isexcellent with greater height to lowestpod than Genesis090 and Almaz.Genesis114 is licensed to AustralianAgricultural Crop Technologies.Genesis090 was the first kabulitype released in Australia with foliarresistance to AB. It is a small to mediumseeded kabuli (7-8 mm) with mediumheight, erect branches and yieldssimilar to PBA Slasher. Seed is availablethrough Australian Agricultural CropTechnologies.GenesisKalkee is a medium to largeseeded kabuli type similar to Genesis 114but with later flowering and larger seedsize. GenesisKalkee has the largest seedsize of all commercial kabuli types hencemore able to meet the size requirementsof premium high valued markets.However yield and disease resistanceare inferior to the small kabuli typesbut generally equivalent to Almaz in SAmeaning it is likely to require strategicfungicide applications during the year.It is commercialised by AustralianAgricultural Crop Technologies.Herbicide tolerance ofcereal and pulse varietiesBy Michael Zerner, Rob Wheeler andLarn McMurray, SARDIThe level of tolerance to commonlyused herbicides in cereal andpulse varieties has been found tovary between cultivars.Small yield reductions to sensitivevarieties caused by herbicide damagemay not be easily detected on a largescale, but can be verycostly. The variation intolerance may be dueto any combinationof differences inmorphological orphysiological traitsamong the varieties.Australian cereal Michael Zernerand pulse varieties are extensivelytested to determine level of toleranceto commonly used herbicides in SouthAustralia as part of a national GRDCfunded program. All newly releasedvarieties are tested to identify anypotential herbicide sensitivity to provideadditional information to growers for theagronomic management of new varieties.Varieties are first tested in preliminarytrials at higher than recommended ratesof the herbicides to identify any sensitivityto specific herbicides. Once a significantvariety and herbicide interaction hasbeen identified, the variety is tested withthe specific herbicide in more advancedtrials using recommended and higherthan recommended herbicide rates todetermine the severity of the yieldreductions caused by the herbicide. Giventhat environmental conditions stronglyinfluence the level of safety of mostherbicides it is important that varietiesare tested over a number of seasons toclearly identify the level of tolerance.Cereal field trials are conducted atMallala and Kybunga, while the pulses aretested at Minlaton.The level of sensitivity is determinedby yield reductions in comparison tounsprayed controls of the same variety.The long-term results are presented inthe following tables, summarised usingthe symbols below.- not tested or insufficient data. no significant yield reductions at label or higher than recommended rates in (z) trials.N (w/z) narrow margin, significant yield reductions at higher than recommended rate, butnot at recommended rate. Significant event occurring in w trials out of z trials tested.Eg. (2/5) = tested in 5 trials, 2 trials returning a significant yield reduction.x% (1/z) yield reduction (warning) significant yield reduction at recommended rate in 1 trial onlyout of z trials conducted.x-y% (w/z) yield reductions (warning) significant yield reductions at recommended rate in w trialsout of z trials conducted.28 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 29

Sowing Guide 2014Sowing Guide 2014Table 1. Wheat variety response to herbicides in South Australia (1993-2012)Herbicide2,4-D Amine 6252,4-D AmineAchieve ®TralkoxydimAffinity Force ® +MCPACarfentrazone-Ally ®MetsulfuronmethylAxial ®Pinoxaden +Cloquintocet-Banvel M ®MCPA+DicambaBoxer Gold ®Prosulfocarb +S-MetalochlorBromoxynil MCPABromoxynil +MCPACadence ®DicambaConclude ®MCPA +FlorasulamCrusader ®PyroxsulamDiuron(500SC) +MCPADiuron + MCPAGlean ®ChlorsulfuronHussar ®Iodosulfuron-MerhylsodiumLogran ®TriasulfuronLVE MCPALVE MCPASakura ®PyroxasulfoneTigrex ®MCPA +DiflufenicanEthyl + MCPAAmineMethylAmineVariety Year 1993-2012 1993-2012 2006-2012 1993-2012 2006-2012 1993-2009 2009-2012 1994-2012 2006-2012 2010-2012 2011-2012 1993-2012 2008-2012 2005-2012 1993-2009 1996-2008 2010-2012 1996-2012AGT Katana 2009-2012 P(2) P(2) P(2) 6 (1/4) N (1/4) - P(2) P(2) P(2) - - P(2) P(2) P(2) - - - P(2)Axe 2008-2009 6 (1/2) N (1/2) P(2) 7 (1/2) 5 (1/2) N (2/2) P(1) P(2) 10 (1/2) - - 6 (1/1) 9 (1/2) 10 (1/2) N (1/2) P(1) - P(2)Catalina 2007-2012 N (1/3) N (1/3) P(3) N (1/3) P(3) N (1/3) P(1) P(3) 6-10 (2/3) P(3) N (1/1) P(2) - 9 (1/3) P(3) - - 8 (1/3)Cobra 2011-2012 P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) - P(2) P(2) N (2/2) - - P(2) P(1) P(2) - - P(1) P(2)Corack 2011-2012 P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) - P(2) P(2) N (1/2) - - P(2) P(1) P(2) - - P(1) P(2)Correll 2006-2009 14 (1/4) 10 (1/4) P(4) 8-15 (3/4) P(4) 6 (1/4) P(1) P(4) N (1/4) P(2) P(1) P(3) 12 (1/2) 12 (1/4) P(4) P(3) P(2) 7 (1/4)Dart 2012 P(1) P(1) P(1) P(1) P(1) - P(1) P(1) N (1/1) - - P(1) - P(1) - - P(1) P(1)Derrimut 2006-2007 N (1/2) P(2) P(2) N (1/2) P(2) 10 (1/2) - N (1/2) P(2) - - P(2) - P(2) N (1/2) P(2) - N (1/2)Emu Rock 2011-2012 P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) - P(2) P(2) N (1/2) - - P(2) P(1) P(2) - - N (1/1) P(1)Espada 2009-2010 N (1/2) 7 (1/2) P(2) P(2) P(2) 7 (1/2) P(2) P(2) P(2) - - - 6 (1/2) P(2) N (1/2) - - 7 (1/2)Estoc 2009-2012 P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) N (1/4) - P(2) P(2) P(2) - - P(2) N (2/4) P(2) - - - P(2)Frame 1993-2010 5-18 (3/18) 3-12 (2/18) P(5) 4-21 (4/18) P(5) 5-21 (2/17) P(2) 2-7 (5/17) 8 (1/5) P(2) P(1) 4-6 (3/17) P(3) N (2/6) 2 (1/17) 4 (1/13) P(2) N (4/15)Gladius 2006-2012 6-11 (2/4) 5 (1/4) P(4) 9-18 (2/4) P(4) N (2/4) N (1/1) P(4) 9 (1/4) P(3) P(2) P(3) 7 (1/2) 17-19 (2/4) 5 (1/4) N (1/3) P(2) 7 (1/4)Grenade CL+ 2012 P(1) P(1) P(1) P(1) P(1) - P(1) P(1) P(1) - - P(1) - P(1) - - P(1) P(1)Guardian 2008-2012 9 (1/2) P(2) P(2) N (1/2) P(2) P(2) P(1) P(2) N (1/2) - - - N (1/3) P(2) P(2) P(1) - 6 (1/2)Hyperno 2009-2012 P(2) P(2) N (2/4) 9 (1/3) P(2) - P(2) 5 (1/2) 9 (1/2) - 9 (1/2) P(2) N (1/4) N (1/4) - - - P(2)Justica CL+ 2011-2012 P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) - P(2) P(2) N (2/2) - - P(2) P(1) P(2) - - P(1) P(2)Kord CL+ 2011-2012 P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) - P(2) P(2) N (1/2) - - P(2) P(1) P(2) - - P(1) P(2)Mace 2009-2012 P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) - N (1/4) N (1/4) N (1/4) P(1) - P(2) N (1/3) P(2) - - P(1) P(2)Peake 2008-2009 11 (1/2) P(2) P(2) N (1/2) P(2) P(2) P(1) 5 (1/2) P(2) - - P(1) P(2) P(2) 6 (1/2) P(1) - P(2)Phantom 2011-2012 P(1) P(1) P(1) P(1) P(1) - P(1) P(1) N (2/2) - - P(1) P(1) P(1) - - - P(1)Pugsley 2001-2004 5 (1/4) 12 (1/4) - 12 (1/4) - N (2/4) - P(4) - - - N (1/4) - - P(4) 12 (1/4) - P(4)Saintly 2009-2012 P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) - P(2) P(2) P(2) - - 6 (1/3) N (1/3) N (1/3) - - - P(2)Scout 2009-2012 P(2) P(2) P(2) P(3) P(2) - P(2) P(2) P(2) P(3) P(2) P(2) N (1/3) P(2) - - P(2) P(2)Shield 2012 P(1) P(1) P(1) P(1) P(1) - P(1) P(1) P(1) - - P(1) - P(1) - - P(1) P(1)Tamaroi 1996-2003 3-4 (2/8) 5 (1/8) - 11 (1/8) - P(8) - N (3/8) - - - 4 (1/8) - - N (2/8) N (3/7) - P(8)Tjilkuri 2009-2010 P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) - P(2) P(2) P(2) - - P(2) P(2) P(2) - - - P(2)Wallup 2011-2012 P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) - P(2) P(2) N (1/2) - - P(2) P(1) P(2) - - P(1) P(2)WID802 2010-2012 P(2) P(2) P(2) N (1/3) P(2) - P(2) P(2) P(2) - - P(2) P(2) P(2) - - - P(2)Wyalkatchem 2003-2005 9 (1/3) N (1/3) - 4-8 (2/3) - P(3) - P(3) - - - 5 (1/3) - 4 (1/3) N (1/3) P(3) - 7 (1/3)Yawa 2009-2010 P(2) P(2) N (1/2) 8 (1/2) N (1/2) - P(2) P(2) P(2) - - P(2) P(2) P(2) - - - P(2)Yitpi 1998-2012 2-9 (3/4) P(4) - 2-8 (2/4) - N (1/4) - N (3/4) - 8 (1/3) P(1) P(4) - - 6-8 (2/4) N (2/4) P(2) N (3/4)Rates (product/ha) 1.4L 380g 100mL + 500mL 7g 250mL 1.4L 2.5L 1.4L 200g 700mL 500mL 500mL + 350mL 20g 200g 35g 1.2L 118g 1LCrop stage at spraying 2 node 3 leaf 3 leaf 3 leaf 3 leaf 5leaf IBS 3 leaf 5 leaf 5 leaf 3 leaf 3 leaf 3 leaf 3 leaf PSPE 5 leaf IBS 5 leafTable 2. Barley variety response to herbicides in South Australia (1993-2012)Herbicide2,4-D Amine Achieve ® Affinity Force ® + Ally ® Axial ® Banvel M ® Boxer Gold ® Broadstrike ® Bromoxynil MCPA Cadence ® Decision ® Diuron + MCPA Glean ® LVE MCPA Terbutryn Tigrex ®500/625MCPAAmine2,4-D Amine Tralkoxydim Carfentrazone-Ethyl + MCPAMetsulfuronmethylPinoxaden +Cloquintocet-MCPA + Dicamba Prosulfocarb +S-MetolachlorFlumetsulam Bromoxynil +MCPADicamba Diclofop-methyl +SethoxydimDiuron + MCPAAmineChlorsulfuron LVE MCPA Terbutryn MCPA +DiflufenicanAmineMethylVariety Year 1993-2012 1993-2009 2006-2012 1993-2012 2006-2012 1993-2012 2009-2012 1993-2012 1994-2012 2006-2012 2005-2012 1993-2012 1993-2009 1996-2008 1993-2005 1996-2012Bass 2009-2011 P(2) - P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) N (1/2) P(2) P(2) - - - P(2)Baudin 2009-2012 P(2) P(1) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(1) P(2) P(1) P(2) N (1/4) P(2) P(2) P(1) - - P(2)Barque 1995-2000 6 (1/6) N (1/6) - P(6) - 6-10 (5/6) - P(6) 7-8 (2/6) - - P(6) P(3) 3 (1/5) 1-4 (2/6) 5-8 (3/5)Buloke 2006-2009 P(4) N (1/4) 12 (1/4) N (1/4) P(4) N (1/4) P(1) P(4) 10 (1/4) 9-11 (2/4) 12 (1/4) 13 (1/4) P(2) P(3) - P(4)Commander 2005-2007 P(3) P(3) P(2) P(3) P(2) N (2/3) - P(3) P(3) 12 (1/2) P(3) P(3) P(3) P(3) P(1) P(3)Fathom 2011-2012 P(2) - P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) N (1/2) P(2) N (1/2) P(2) P(2) - - - P(2)Flagship 2004-2009 10 (1/6) 5 (1/6) N (1/4) P(6) N (1/4) 16 (1/6) 6 (1/1) P(6) 12 (1/6) 14 (1/4) P(5) N (1/6) P(4) P(5) N (1/2) 8 (1/6)Fleet 2004-2006 P(3) N (1/3) P(1) P(3) P(1) 5 (1/3) - P(3) N (1/3) N (1/1) N (1/2) 7 (1/3) P(3) P(3) N (1/2) 7-8 (2/3)Flinders 2011-2012 P(2) - P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) - - - N (1/2)Gairdner 1998-2001 N (3/4) 7 (1/4) - P(4) - 4 (1/4) - P(4) 7 (1/4) - - 6 (1/4) P(3) 6 (1/4) 8 (1/4) 3 (1/4)Hindmarsh 2007-2009 P(3) P(3) N (1/3) N (2/3) 11 (1/3) 8 (1/3) P(1) N (1/3) 6 (1/3) P(3) 7 (1/3) 10 (1/3) P(1) P(2) - 8 (1/3)Keel 1998-2001 P(4) P(4) - P(4) - 4 (1/4) - P(4) 3-8 (2/4) - - P(4) N (1/3) 4 (1/4) P(4) 4-6 (3/4)Maritime 2003-2005 P(3) N (1/3) - N (1/3) - P(3) - 5 (1/3) N (1/3) - P(1) N (2/3) N (1/3) 4 (1/3) 4-7 (2/3) 7 (1/3)Navigator 2010-2011 P(2) - P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) - - - P(2)Oxford 2009-2012 P(2) P(1) P(2) P(2) P(2) N (1/4) P(2) P(1) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(1) - - P(2)Schooner 1993-1997 P(5) P(5) - P(5) - 9-46 (2/5) - 14 (1/5) N (1/4) - - N (2/5) P(1) P(2) P(5) P(2)Scope 2010-2012 P(2) - P(2) P(2) 9 (1/4) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) - - - P(2)Shepherd 2011 P(1) - P(1) P(1) P(1) P(1) P(1) P(1) P(1) P(1) P(1) P(1) - - - P(1)Skipper 2010-2011 P(2) - P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) - - - P(2)Sloop SA 2009-2010 P(2) P(1) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(1) P(2) P(1) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(1) - - P(2)Vlamingh 2009-2010 P(2) P(1) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(1) P(2) P(1) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(1) - - P(2)Westminster 2011-2012 P(2) - P(2) P(2) P(2) N (1/2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) N (1/2) - - - P(2)Wimmera 2010-2012 P(2) - P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) P(2) N (2/3) P(2) P(2) P(2) - - - P(2)Rates (product/ha) 1.4L 380g 100mL + 500mL 7g 250mL 1.4L 2.5L 25g 1.4L 200g 1.0L 500mL/350ml 20g 1.2L 850mL 1LCrop stage at spraying 2 node 4 leaf 3 leaf 4 leaf 4 leaf 6 leaf IBS 6 leaf 4 leaf 6 leaf 4 leaf 4 leaf 4 leaf 6 leaf 4 leaf 6 leaf30 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 31

Sowing Guide 2014Sowing Guide 2014Table 3. Oat variety response to herbicides in South Australia (1993-2012)Tigrex ®MCPA +diflufenicanGlean ®chlorsulfuronEclipse ® +LVE MCPAMetosulam+ LVE MCPAEclipse100SC ®MetosulamDiuron +MCPADiuron +MCPAAmineDiuron + DualGold ®Diuron +S-metolachlorConclude ®MCPA +FlorasulamCadence ®DicambaBromoxynilMCPAbromoxynil +MCPABroadstrike ®FlumetsulamBanvel M ®MCPA+DicambaAlly ® *metsulfuronmethylAffinity Force ®+ MCPACarfentrazone-Ethyl + MCPAAmineHerbicide 2,4-D Amine6252,4-D amineVariety Year 1995-2012 2011-2012 1995-2012 1995-2012 1995-2012 1995-2012 2011-2012 2011-2012 1995-2006 1995-2012 2011-2011 1995-2012 1995-2012 1995-2012Brusher 2003-2004 7 (1/2) - P(2) 5 (1/2) 8 (1/2) N (1/2) - - P(2) 6 (1/2) - P(2) P(2) 13 (1/3)Dunnart 2011-2012 P(2) N (1/2) P(1) N (1/1) P(2) P(2) N (1/1) 10 (1/2) - P(2) P(1) P(1) P(2) N (1/2)Euro 1996-1998 7-8 (2/4) - P(4) 19-27 (2/4) P(4) P(4) - - P(3) P(4) - P(4) P(4) 10-11 (2/4)Forester 2011-2012 P(2) P(2) P(1) P(1) P(2) P(2) N (1/2) P(2) - P(2) P(1) P(1) P(2) P(2)Glider 1998-2003 8 (1/3) - P(3) 9 (1/3) P(3) P(3) - - P(3) P(3) - P(3) P(3) N (1/3)Kangaroo 2004-2006 4-17 (2/3) - P(3) 15-35 (2/3) 10 (1/3) 16 (1/3) - - P(3) 16-20 (2/3) - N (1/3) P(3) 5-17 (3/3)Mitika 2003-2006 6 (1/4) - 7 (1/4) 8-40 (3/4) 7 (1/4) 6 (1/4) - - P(4) N (1/3) - 3 (1/4) P(4) 9-13 (3/4)Mulgara 2008-2010 N (2/3) - 6 (1/2) 7 (1/3) P(3) 7 (1/3) - - - P(3) - P(3) 12 (1/3) N (1/3)Possum 2001-2004 6-8 (2/3) - P(3) 15-22 (3/3) N (1/3) 4-13 (2/3) - - P(3) 13 (1/3) - P(3) P(3) 18 (1/3)Tungoo 2007-2010 N (1/4) - 9 (1/4) 12 (1/4) P(4) 8 (1/4) - - - P(4) - N (1/4) 9 (1/4) N (1/4)Wallaroo 1995-1997 P(3) - P(3) 11 (1/3) 10 (1/3) P(3) - - P(2) P(3) - P(3) P(3) P(3)Wintaroo 2001,2003,2007 N (1/3) - N (1/3) 35 (1/3) P(3) P(3) - - P(2) P(3) - 7 (1/3) P(3) 10 (1/3)Wombat 2011-2012 P(2) N (1/2) P(1) N (1/1) N (1/2) N (1/2) 67 (1/2) P(2) - P(2) P(1) P(1) P(2) N (1/2)Yallara 2005-2007 6 (1/3) - N (1/3) 27-54 (3/3) 4 (1/3) N (2/3) - - P(2) N (1/3) - N (1/3) 7 (1/3) 8-11 (3/3)5g 1.4L 25 g 1.4L 200g 700mL 830g + 1L 280g+350mL 50mL 7g + 700 ml 20g 1 LRates (product/ha) 1 L 100mL +500mLCrop stage at spraying 2 node 3 leaf 3 leaf 3 - 5 leaf 5- 6 leaf 3 leaf 5 leaf 5 leaf PSPE 3 leaf 3 leaf 3 - 6 leaf 3 leaf 5-6 leaf* Denotes an off label use. This use is not endorsed by this data and no responsibility will be taken for its interpretation.Table 4. Field pea variety response to herbicides in South Australia (1994-2012)Terbyne®TerbuthylazineRaptor ®ImazamoxSpinnaker®ImazethapyrSimazine +Diuron*Simazine +DiuronSimazineSimazineOutlook®Di-methenamid-PMCPA SodiumMCPA SodiumLexone®MetribuzinLexone®MetribuzinDiuronDiuronBrodalOptions® +MCPA Aminediflufenican +MCPA AmineHerbicide Broadstrike®FlumetsulamVariety Year 1994-2012 1994-2012 2011-2012 1994-2010 1994-2012 1994-2008 2011-2012 2011-2012 1994-2010 1994-2010 1994-2012 2009-2012Alma 1994 - 2001 P(8) P(8) - N (3/8) 4 (1/8) 6 (2/8) - - 19-40 (2/8) N (1/8) 8 (1/7) -Bundi 2006-2007 P(2) P(2) - P(2) P(2) P(2) - - P(2) 15 (1/2) N (2/2) -Glenroy 1994 P(1) P(1) - P(1) P(1) 24 (1/1) - - P(1) P(1) - -Kaspa 2002-2012 N (1/11) 11 (1/11) N (1/2) N (2/9) N (4/11) 10 (1/7) P(2) N (1/2) N (1/8) P(9) P(10) N (1/4)Laura 1994-1996 N (1/5) 14 (1/5) - 42 (1/5) N (5/5) N (2/5) - 19 (1/5) 8 (1/5) P(4) -Mukta 1996-2001 P(6) N (2/6) - P(6) N (2/6) 3-9 (2/6) - - 8 (1/6) 7 (1/6) N (1/6) -PBA Gunyah 2008-2012 N (1/5) P(5) P(1) 9 (1/3) N (3/5) P(1) P(2) P(2) 9-11 (2/3) N (1/3) 11 (1/5) 9 (1/4)PBA Oura 2011-2012 P(2) P(2) P(2) - P(2) - N (1/2) P(2) - - P(2) P(2)PBA Pearl 2012 P(1) P(1) P(1) - P(1) - P(1) P(1) - - P(1) P(1)PBA Twilight 2008-2011 N (1/4) N (1/4) P(1) N (1/3) 13 (1/4) P(1) P(1) P(1) 9 (1/3) 11 (1/3) P(4) N (2/3)Parafield 1996 - 2005 11-13 (2/10) P(10) - N (3/10) N (5/10) 5-20 (2/10) - - 29 (1/10) 11-15 (2/10) 7 (1/10) -Santi 1999-2001 7 (1/3) N (1/3) - P(3) P(3) 4-27 (2/3) - - 17 (1/3) N (1/3) P(3) -Sturt 2002-2005 10-13 (2/4) P(4) - 8 (1/4) 12-17 (2/4) P(4) - - P(4) 7 (1/4) N (1/4) -Soupa 1998-2001 8 (1/4) N (2/4) - 9 (1/4) 5 (1/4) 6-10 (2/4) - - 22 (1/4) P(4) N (1/4) -SW Celine 2006-2007 P(2) P(2) - P(2) P(2) P(2) - - P(2) P(2) N (1/2) -Rates (product/ha) 25 g 125 ml + 125 ml 1 L 280 g 280 g 900 ml 1 L 1.2 L 350 ml + 650 ml 70 g 45 g 1 kgCrop stage at spraying 5 Node 5 Node PSPE PSPE 3 Node 5 Node IBS PSPE PSPE 3 Node 3 Node PSPE* Denotes an off label use. This use is not endorsed by this data and no responsibility will be taken for its interpretation.Herbicide toleranceTable 5. Lentil variety response to herbicides in South Australia (1994-2012)Herbicide Broadstrike ®FlumetsulamBrodalOptions ®diflufenicanDiuronDiuronDual Gold ® *S-metalochlorLexone ®MetribuzinLexone ® *MetribuzinSimazine*SimazineSimazine +Diuron500*Simazine +DiuronTerbyne ® *TerbuthylazineVariety Year 1994-2012 1994-2012 1996-2012 1997-2000 1994-2012 2005-2008 2004-2012 1992-2002 2009-2012PBA Ace 2012 P(1) P(1) P(1) - N (1/1) - N (1/1) - N (1/1)PBA Blitz 2010-2012 10-13 (2/3) P(3) N (1/3) - 10 (1/3) - N (3/3) - N (3/3)PBA Flash 2006-2012 10-14 (3/7) N (3/7) N (1/7) - N (4/7) 42 (1/3) N (3/7) - N (4/4)PBA Herald XT 2012 P(1) P(1) P(1) - N (1/1) - N (1/1) - N (1/1)PBA Jumbo 2011-2012 12 (1/2) P(2) P(2) - N (2/2) - N (2/2) - N (1/2)Aldinga 1994-2001 N (2/7) N (2/7) N (1/5) P(3) N (3/7) N (1/1) - N (1/3) -Boomer 2005-2009 7-19 (2/5) 7-11 (2/4) P(5) - 19 (1/5) 34 (1/4) P(5) - N (1/1)Bounty 2009-2011 12 (2/3) 9 (1/3) N (1/3) - N (2/3) - 9 (1/3) - 11 (1/3)Cassab 1999-2001 N (1/3) 7 (1/3) N (2/3) 8 (1/2) N (2/3) - - N (1/3) -Cobber 1994-2002 10 (1/4) 22 (1/4) N (1/2) P(1) 12 (1/4) - - - -Digger 1994-2001 8-18 (2/7) 15-23 (2/7) N (3/5) N (2/3) 32 (1/7) - - 6 (1/3) -Nipper 2004-2012 8-20 (4/9) 7 (1/9) N (3/9) - N (5/9) 26-52 (3/4) 13-14 (2/9) P(1) 21 (1/4)Northfield 1994-2004 10-25 (3/9) 16-24 (3/9) 14 (1/7) 21 (1/2) 17-19 (2/9) 14 (1/1) P(1) 12 (1/4) -Nugget 1999-2005 6-20 (3/6) 11 (1/6) N (1/6) N (1/2) 6 (1/6) P(2) P(2) 15 (1/4) -Matilda 1994-2002 N (1/4) 10-12 (2/4) P(2) P(1) N (4/4) - - - -Rates (product/ha) 20g 150ml 1 L 500ml 280 g 180g 1.2 L 500ml + 1kg500mlCrop stage at spraying 6 weeks 6 weeks PSPE PSPE PSPE 3 node PSPE PSPE PSPE* Denotes an off label use. This use is not endorsed by this data and no responsibility will be taken for its interpretation.Table 6. Chickpea variety response to herbicides in South Australia (2004-2012)Herbicide Balance ® Broadstrike ® Diuron Lexone ® Outlook ® Simazine Simazine* Terbyne ®Isoxaflutole Flumetsulam Diuron Metribuzin Di-methenamid-P Simazine Simazine TerbuthylazineVariety Year 2004-2012 2004-2012 2004-2010 2004-2012 2011-2012 2004-2012 2004-2008 2009-2012Almaz 2006-2007 P(2) N (1/2) P(2) N (1/2) P(2) P(2) -Genesis 090 2004-2012 P(9) N (2/9) 14 (1/7) P(9) 8 (1/2) 11 (1/9) 8 (1/5) N (1/9)Genesis 079 2007-2009 P(3) 16-20 (2/3) P(3) P(3) P(3) N (2/2) P(1)Genesis 114 2010-2011 P(2) P(2) P(1) P(2) P(1) N (1/2) - N (1/2)Genesis 509 2005-2006 P(2) P(2) 11 (1/2) P(2) P(2) 10 (1/2) -PBA Slasher 2008-2011 P(4) N (1/4) P(3) P(4) P(1) N (1/4) N (1/1) N (1/3)PBA Striker 2012 P(1) P(1) - N (1/1) P(1) P(1) - N (1/1)Rates (product/ha) 100 g 20 g 1 L 280 g 1 L 1.2 L 1.2 L 1 kgCrop stage at spraying PSPE 6 weeks PSPE PSPE IBS PSPE 6 weeks PSPE* Denotes an off label use. This use is not endorsed by this data and no responsibility will be taken for its interpretation.Table 7. Faba bean variety response to herbicides in South Australia (2000-2012)Herbicide Diuron ®DiuronOutlook ® *Di-methenamid-PSimazineSimazineSimazineSimazineLexone ®MetribuzinSpinnaker ®ImazethapyrRaptor ® *ImazamoxTerbyne ®TerbuthylazineVariety Year 2000-2011 2011 2000-2011 2001-2008 2003-2010 2000-2011 2003-2011 2009-2011Farah 2002-2008 P(7) - N (1/7) 6-18 (3/7) P(6) 28-39 (2/3) N (3/6) -Fiesta 2000-2007 N (1/8) - 18 (1/8) 21 (1/7) P(5) 11-32 (2/8) N (4/5) -Fiord 2000-2002 N (1/3) - N (2/3) N (1/2) - 18-30 (2/3) - -PBA Rana 2009-2011 P(3) P(1) P(3) - N (1/2) 14 (1/3) 18 (1/3) N (1/3)Nura 2003-2011 P(9) P(1) N (1/9) N (1/6) P(8) 10-53 (5/9) 20 (1/9) N (1/3)Rates (product/ha) 1 L 1 L 1.5 L 1.5 L 280 g 85 g 45 g 1 kgCrop stage at spraying PSPE IBS PSPE 6 weeks PSPE PSPE 3-4leaf PSPE* Denotes an off label use. This use is not endorsed by this data and no responsibility will be taken for its interpretation.32 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 33

Sowing Guide 2014Sowing Guide 2014Canola variety sowing guide 2014By Andrew Ware,SARDI, Port LincolnThere will be eleven canola newvarieties available for 2014 sowingin South Australia. There areseveral new open pollinated varietiesbeing released, these will attract an endpoint royalty (EPR). However,the majority of new releases willbe hybrids.These, together with a range ofexisting varieties will give growersand advisers a wide selectionof varieties across all herbicidetolerance groups available forplanting in 2014.Blackleg and other diseasesBlackleg has the potential to be a verydestructive disease when growing canola.Its management is critical in order tomaximize yields.Growers and advisers are directed to theBlackleg Management Guide (at GRDC.com.au or australianoilseeds.com) as apoint of reference to help manage thedisease.This document is updated annually inMarch.It is important to review and monitorblackleg management strategies on aregular basis as the disease has a highcapacity to breakdown varietal resistance.Blackleg management involves assessingrisk to the disease (based on rainfalland the intensity canola is grown ona regional level), while having a goodunderstanding of disease levels in existingand previous crops.Growers should plan to place newcanola crops as far as possible (at least500m) from the previous year’s canolastubble, while selecting varieties witha suitable blackleg resistance rating,assessing the need to use fungicides, andpossibly changing varieties to a differentblackleg resistance group after a numberof years of growing one variety.Since 2011, NVT trials have been sownwith the same fungicide treatment on allAndrew Warevarieties so that the reaction to blacklegwill be more difficult to assess fromlooking at the trials.Much higher than normal occurrencesof downy mildew and white leaf spothave been reported throughout SouthAustralia in 2013.Any varietal differences and effectsthese diseases are having onyield are not clear at this stageand will be the subject ofon-going research.Speciality and Juncea TypesIn recent years a number ofspecialty canola varieties havebeen released. These include theVictory ® varieties (marketed byCargill) and Monola ® varieties (marketedby Nuseed).These varieties have a different oilprofile than commodity canola that ismore suitable for use in the food industry.Agronomically speciality canola is thesame as commodity canola.Speciality canola is being offeredto growers in a closed loop marketingsystems, often attracting a premium price.Currently production contracts forthese varieties are limited to the SouthEast and regions close to the Victorianborder, but this may change into thefuture.Juncea canola is being developed as adrought and heat tolerant alternative tocanola for the low rainfall environments.In 2014 there will be two juncea varietiesavailable for sowing (both marketed bySeednet).Sales of Juncea canola must besegregated from regular canola.Seednet advise there will be a range ofsegregations available to South Australiangrowers in 2014.Varietal selectionThe selection of the most suitablecanola variety for a particular situationneeds consideration of maturity,herbicide tolerance, blackleg resistance,relative yield, oil content and early vigour.The weed species expected maydictate the need for a herbicide tolerantproduction system (e.g., triazine tolerantor Clearfield).A triazine tolerant variety will incura yield and oil penalty when grown insituations where they are not warranted.When decisions are being made oncanola varietal choice, the NationalVariety Trials provide an excellent,unbiased resource.Data from the NVT website (www.nvtonline.com.au) and any observationsyou might make from trials in 2013 willgreatly add to the confidence you have onselecting a new variety.Varietal CharacteristicsNotes on newly releasedconventional varietyNuseed Diamond (tested asNHC1203C). Early-mid maturing hybrid.Nuseed indicate a blackleg rating of MR(P). Medium plant height. Tested inNVT trials in 2012-13. Bred and marketedby Nuseed Pty Ltd.Notes on recently releasedconventional varietiesAV-Garnet. Mid-early to mid tomaturing. Medium height. Highoil content. Rated MR for blackleg(resistance groups A, B and G). Testedin NVT trials 2006-2013. Bred by DPIVictoria. Marketed by Nuseed Pty Ltd.AV-Zircon. Mid-early to mid tomaturing. Medium height. Rated MR forblackleg (resistance group A). High-veryhigh oil content. Tested in NVT trials2010-2013. Bred by DPI Victoria andNuseed Pty Ltd. Marketed by Nuseed PtyLtd.CB TM Agamax. Early-mid maturinghybrid. Suited to low to medium rainfallareas. Moderate-high oil content.Blackleg resistance rating MS. Tested inNVT trials in 2010-2013. Bred by CanolaBreeders*.CB TM Tango C A . Early maturingconventional hybrid Suited to low tomedium rainfall regions. Blacklegresistance rating MS. Tested in NVT trialsin 2011-2013. Bred by Canola Breeders*.Hyola ® 50. Mid to mid-early maturinghybrid. Blackleg resistance of R(resistance group D). Tested in NVT trialsin 2005-2013 Bred by Canola BreedersInternational. Marketed by Pacific Seeds.Hyola ® 930. Winter hybrid canola withoil levels similar to Hyola ® 50. ProvisionalBlackleg rating of MR. Matures 4 to 5weeks later than Hyola ® 50. Suitable forautumn, Early Winter or Spring Sowing.Suited to grazing in winter. Marketed byPacific Seeds.Victory V3002. Early–mid maturingconventional specialty (high stabilityoil) hybrid. Blackleg resistance of R-MR(resistance group C). Tested in NVT trialsin 2011-2013. Bred by Cargill and DPIVictoria. Marketed by AWB in a closedloop program.Withdrawn and no longer available:Hyola ® 433Herbicide tolerantNotes on newly released Clearfield(imidazolinone tolerant) varietiesHyola ® 577CL. Mid maturing hybrid.Very high oil content. Very high yield,medium – tall plant height.Adapted to medium-high rainfallareas. Provisional Pacific Seeds blacklegresistance rating R-MR (P). RotationBlackleg Group to be advised.Tested in NVT trials in 2013. Pacificseeds indicate excellent for standabilityand direct harvesting. Bred and marketedby Pacific Seeds. New release for 2014.Pioneer ® 44Y87 (CL) (tested as Pioneer09N121I). Early-Mid maturing hybrid.Moderate-high oil content.Medium plant height. Suited to mediumrainfall areas. DuPont Pioneer indicatesblackleg resistance rating R – MR (P).Tested in NVT trials 2012-13. New releasefor 2014Pioneer ® 45Y88 (CL) (tested asPioneer 09N146I). Mid maturing hybrid.Moderate-high oil content. Mediumplant height. Suited to high rainfall andEarly Maturing Canola: Long Term - 2008-2012Variety Upper Eyre Peninsula Yorke Peninsula Mid North South East% ofSite MeanNo.Trials% ofSite Meanirrigated areas. DuPont Pioneer indicatesblackleg resistance rating R (P).Bred and marketed by DuPont Pioneer.New release for 2014.XCEED TM X121 CL. The first hybridClearfield ® tolerant juncea canola. Fourdays later than Oasis CL.Excellent early vigour and branchingability and has high oil content. X121 CLhas excellent pod shattering toleranceand is suitable for direct harvest.Provisional blackleg resistance of R-MR.Bred by Seednet in conjunction withGRDC.Seednet anticipate a blackleg resistancerating of R (resistant).No.Trials% ofSite MeanNo.Trials% ofSite MeanConventionalAV GARNET 123 5 110 3 125 3 119 5AV ZIRCON 108 2 - - - - 109 2CB AGAMAX 120 3 - - - - 123 3CB TANGO C 107 2 - - - - 102 2HYOLA 50 120 5 118 3 120 3 119 5VICTORY V3001 - - - - - - 106 2VICTORY V3002 - - - - - - 107 2Site Mean (t/ha) 1.17 2.15 1.30 1.76ClearfieldARCHER - - - - - - - -CARBINE 114 2 - - - - 110 2Hyola 474CL 108 2 - - - - 108 2HYOLA 575CL - - - - - - 111 2PIONEER 43C80 (CL) 96 4 97 3 96 2 97 4PIONEER 43Y85 (CL) 105 2 - - 105 2PIONEER 44Y84 (CL) 115 3 109 2 - - 109 3Xceed OASIS CL 88 4 - - 85 3 73 2Site Mean (t/ha) 1.03 2.15 1.30 1.69Triazine tolerantATR COBBLER 96 5 96 4 98 3 96 5ATR SNAPPER 104 3 98 2 - - 101 3ATR STINGRAY 101 3 94 2 - - 98 3BONANZA TT 86 2 - - - - 92 2CB JARDEE HT - - 104 3 102 2 103 4CB JUNEE HT 108 3 105 2 - - 104 2CB SCADDAN 90 3 95 4 90 3 89 4CB STURT TT 100 2 - - - - 100 2CB TELFER 95 5 80 4 85 3 82 5CRUSHER TT - - 106 2 - - - -HYOLA 555TT - - 116 2 - - - -MONOLA 506TT - - - - - - 95 2THUMPER TT - - 98 2 - - - -Site Mean (t/ha) 1.20 2.35 1.41 1.59No.TrialsNotes on recently releasedClearfield (imidazolinone tolerant)varietiesArcher. Mid-late maturing hybrid.High oil content. Medium plant height.Blackleg rating of MR-MS. Tested in NVTtrials 2011-13. Marketed by HeritageSeeds.Carbine. Early-mid maturing hybrid.Moderate-high oil content. Medium plantheight. MS (P) Blackleg rating. Tested inNVT trials 2011-13. Marketed by HeritageSeeds.Hyola ® 474CL. Mid-early maturinghybrid. High oil and high protein34 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 35

Sowing Guide 2014Sowing Guide 2014Mid Maturing Canola: Long Term - 2008-2012VarietyLower EyrePeninsulaYorke Peninsula Mid North South East% ofSite MeanNo.Trials% ofSite Meancontent. Medium-tall plant height.Fits medium-low to high rainfall areas,and exhibits excellent hybrid vigour.Blackleg resistance rating R.Tested in NVT trials in 2011-13. BredNo.Trials% ofSite MeanNo.Trials% ofSite MeanConventionalAV Garnet 112 10 114 7 119 10 114 15AV Zircon 103 4 - - - - 108 6CB Agamax 104 6 108 3 115 4 96 7CB Tango C 100 4 - - - - 96 6Hyola 50 111 10 119 7 123 10 120 15Victory V3001 99 2 100 2 106 3 101 13Victory V3002 - - - - - - 108 4Victory V3003 - - - - - - 103 6Site Mean (T/Ha) 1.92 2.43 1.92 1.87ClearfieldArcher 101 2 106 2 107 7 108 8Carbine 103 2 105 2 106 4 102 4Hyola 474CL 98 4 99 2 99 6 102 6Hyola 575CL 104 6 104 4 101 8 111 9Pioneer 43C80 (CL) 97 2 98 2 95 3 89 3Pioneer 43Y85 (CL) 95 2 91 2 96 2 100 3Pioneer 44Y84 (CL) 103 8 105 6 107 11 102 12Pioneer 44Y87 (CL) 105 2 - - 105 3 103 3Pioneer 45Y86 (CL) 108 6 110 4 108 8 106 9Pioneer 45Y88 (CL) 107 2 - - 104 3 108 3Site Mean (T/Ha) 1.92 2.62 2.05 1.91Triazine tolerantATR Bonito 108 2 - - 105 3 111 3ATR Cobbler 90 10 90 8 92 14 78 14ATR Gem 105 4 - - 102 5 104 5ATR Snapper 95 6 92 4 99 8 85 9ATR Stingray 99 6 93 4 98 8 97 9ATR Wahoo 108 2 - - 102 3 109 3Bonanza TT 84 4 84 2 86 2 - -CB Atomic HT - - - - 107 3 107 3CB Henty HT 116 2 - - - - 108 6CB Jardee HT 97 9 101 6 100 11 95 12CB Junee HT 97 5 101 2 100 6 89 8CB Sturt TT - - - - 100 4 93 2CB Telfer 73 4 87 4 84 9 65 7Crusher TT 109 6 103 4 107 8 113 9Hyola 555TT 108 6 105 4 105 8 111 9Hyola 559TT 109 3 - - 107 4 109 3Hyola 656TT 106 2 - - 104 2 110 3Jackpot TT 100 2 - - 100 3 102 3Monola 413TT 96 2 - - 98 3 94 3Monola 506TT 85 4 - - 86 2 87 6Monola 605TT 89 4 89 2 87 6 87 6Thumper TT 97 6 86 3 92 7 107 9Site Mean (t/ha) 1.92 2.62 2.05 1.91and marketed by Pacific Seeds.No.TrialsHyola ® 575CL. Mid maturing hybrid.High oil content. Medium plant height.Blackleg resistance rating R. Tested in SANVT trials in 2010-13. Bred and marketedby Pacific Seeds.Hyola ® 971CL. Late maturing winterGrain n Graze hybrid. Extremely highbiomass, good grain yield and oil content.Autumn and Spring sowing grain andgraze option for very high rainfall orirrigated zones. Provisional blacklegrating of MR (P), rotation group C. Nottested in NVT trials. Marketed by PacificSeeds.Pioneer ® 43C80 (CL) A . An earlymaturing variety. Moderate oil content.Adapted to low rainfall areas. Mediumplant height. Blackleg resistance rating ofMR-MS. Tested in NVT trials 2008-2009,2011-2012. Bred and marketed by DuPontPioneer.Pioneer ® 43Y85 (CL). Early maturinghybrid. Moderate oil content. Mediumplant height. Blackleg resistance rating ofMR (rotation groups A, B). Suited to lowrainfall areas and short season growingzones. Tested in NVT trials 2011-13. Bredand marketed by DuPont Pioneer.Pioneer ® 44Y84 (CL). Early/early-midseason hybrid. Widely adapted in low andmedium rainfall areas. High oil content.Medium – tall plant height. Blacklegresistance rating of MS. Tested in NVTtrials in 2010-13. Bred and marketed byDuPont Pioneer.Pioneer ® 45Y86 (CL). Mid maturinghybrid. High oil content. Replacementfor 46Y83 (CL). Blackleg rating of MS(P). Tested in NVT trials in 2010-13. Bredand marketed by DuPont Pioneer.XCEED TM VT Oasis CL A . Firstherbicide tolerant Clearfield tolerantjuncea canola released in Australia. Earlymaturing open pollinated variety. Highoil content. Blackleg rating of R. Blacklegresistance group D, G. Tested in NVTtrials 2008-13. An EPR applies. Bred byDPI Victoria/ Seednet. Marketed bySeednet.Withdrawn and no longer available:Pioneer ® 45Y82 (CL)Notes on newly released Triazinetolerant (TT) varietiesATR Bonito A (tested as NT0183).Early-mid season maturing variety.Short-medium height. Nuseed indicatea blackleg rating of MR (P). Tested inNVT trials 2012-13. Bred and marketedby Nuseed. An EPR of $5 per tonne (GSTex) applies to ATR Bonito. New releasefor 2014.ATR Wahoo A (tested as NT0184). Midmaturity variety. Medium plant height.Nuseed indicate a blackleg rating of MR(P). Tested in NVT trials 2012-13. Bredand marketed by Nuseed. An EPR of$5 per tonne (GST ex) applies to ATRWahoo. New release for 2014.Hyola ® 450TT. Early to mid-maturinghybrid. Medium plant height. Provisionalblackleg resistance rating of R (P),blackleg rotation group D. Pacific seedsindicate excellent standability and shattertolerance. Tested in NVT trails in 2013.Bred and marketed by Pacific Seeds. Newrelease for 2014.Hyola ® 650TT. Mid to mid-latematuring hybrid. Medium-tall plantheight. Provisional Pacific Seeds blacklegresistance rating of R (P).Pacific seeds indicate excellentstandability and shatter tolerance. Testedin NVT trails in 2013. Bred and marketedby Pacific Seeds. New release for 2014.Monola 314TT. Early-Mid openpollinated specialty oil variety. Mediumplant height. Nuseed indicate a blacklegrating of MR. Bred and marketed byNuseed Pty Ltd. New release for 2014.Notes on recently released Triazinetolerant (TT) varietiesATR Gem A . Early-mid maturity triazinetolerant variety. High oil content.Medium plant height. Blackleg resistancerating of MR. Blackleg resistance groupsA,B,D. Tested in NVT trials 2011-13.Bredand marketed by Nuseed Pty Ltd.ATR-Stingray A . Early maturing variety.Short height.Moderate-high oil content. Blacklegresistance rating MR. Tested in NVTtrials 201-12. Bred by Nuseed Pty Ltd andDPI Victoria. Marketed by Nuseed PtyLtd.Bonanza TT A . Early maturing doubledhaploid OP TT variety. Moderate oilcontent. Short plant, suited to directheading. Fits medium-low to medium% Oil Content of 2012 mid-season canola trialsVariety NameLower EyrePeninulaYorkePen.rainfall areas. Blackleg resistance ratingof R-MR. Blackleg rotation group C.Tested in NVT trials in 2011-12. Bredand marketed by Pacific Seeds. BonanzaTT has been outclassed, but seed is stillavailableCB Atomic HT. Mid maturing hybrid.Medium height. Moderate-high oilcontent. Suited to medium to highMid-NorthSpaldingMt Hope Yeelanna ArthurtonTurretfieldBordertownSouth-EastFrancesMoyhallConventionalAV Garnet 48.4 47.3 40.9 43.5 42.6 44.4 45.1AV Zircon 49.2 47.6 41.8 43.2 - 44.1 42.0 45.7CB Agamax 46.7 45.3 41.5 42.2 - 41.7 44.9 44.9CB Tango C 47.3 47.1 42.0 43.1 - 43.1 44.7 44.1Hyola 50 48.6 47.4 41.9 43.7 - 43.8 44.4 46.2Nuseed Diamond - 47.5 - - - - - -Victory V3001 - - - - - 41.5 43.6 -Victory V3002 - - - - - 43.7 44.6 -Victory V3003 - - - - - 44.9 42.7 45.8ClearfieldArcher 46.3 45.9 41.0 41.4 40.4 43.5 44.1 44.7Carbine - - 43.3 - - 43.9 - -Hyola 474CL 47.3 46.6 42.5 43.1 42.4 44.8 45.3 45.0Hyola 575CL 46.6 46.0 42.5 42.6 41.0 44.5 44.4 45.7Pioneer 44Y84 (CL) 47.0 45.7 43.3 42.6 42.1 43.9 44.6 44.8Pioneer 45Y82 (CL) 46.1 45.2 42.7 43.5 40.8 43.1 43.5 44.3Pioneer 45Y86 (CL) 47.4 46.4 42.3 41.5 40.7 42.8 43.2 44.4Triazine tolerantATR Bonito 49.0 47.3 42.3 44.0 42.1 45.3 44.2 46.6ATR Cobbler 46.3 44.1 40.3 40.0 39.9 40.5 42.7 43.4ATR Gem 48.2 47.9 41.4 43.3 41.1 44.3 44.2 46.3ATR Snapper 49.3 45.9 43.3 43.6 43.1 44.7 45.4 45.9ATR Stingray 47.6 46.7 41.9 42.2 41.3 43.2 44.3 44.5ATR Wahoo 49.1 48.8 41.3 43.2 41.7 44.1 44.3 45.6Bonanza TT 47.0 45.7 42.4 41.7 - - - -CB Atomic HT - - 41.5 41.7 40.3 42.8 43.5 44.2CB Henty HT - - - - - 41.6 42.3 44.5CB Jardee HT 46.4 43.7 40.4 41.2 39.1 40.5 41.7 44.2CB Junee HT 46.0 44.0 40.5 40.9 39.2 41.4 42.3 43.2CB Sturt TT - - 40.4 41.6 40.4 42.9 - -CB Telfer - - - - - 42.0 - -Crusher TT 46.3 43.9 39.8 41.2 39.3 41.7 42.2 43.2Hyola 555TT 46.6 45.4 41.7 41.7 41.0 42.6 43.1 43.7Hyola 559TT 49.0 47.7 40.9 42.2 40.6 42.7 44.2 45.5Hyola 656TT 47.4 45.7 40.0 - 40.2 42.3 43.2 43.9Jackpot TT 48.7 47.8 42.8 42.1 41.3 44.6 44.4 46.6Monola 413TT 46.9 46.1 41.8 41.1 40.6 44.6 43.0 44.0Monola 506TT 46.7 46.5 - - - 44.8 44.3 45.9Monola 605TT 45.4 44.6 41.1 42.0 40.0 42.1 41.9 43.1Thumper TT 47.9 47.1 - - 40.3 44.5 42.9 45.4rainfall zones. Provisional blackleg ratingof MS (P). Tested in NVT trials in 2012-13. Bred by Canola Breeders*.CB TM Henty HT. Mid-maturing TThybrid.Moderate oil content. Suited to mediumto high rainfall areas. Blackleg rating ofMS. Tested in NVT trials in 2011, and atlimited sites in 2012-13. Bred by CanolaBreeders*.36 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2013 SARDI Sowing Guide < 37

Sowing Guide 2014Sowing Guide 2014CB TM Jardee HT. Mid maturing hybrid.Moderate oil content. Blackleg rating ofMS-S. tested in NVT trials 2008-13. Bredby Canola Breeders*.CB Junee HT. Early-mid maturingTT hybrid. Moderate oil content.Blackleg resistance rating MS-S. Testedin NVT trials in 2010-12. Bred by CanolaBreeders*.CB TM Nitro HT. Early-mid maturityhybrid. Moderate oil content. Mediumplant height. Suited to medium to highrainfall areas. Provisional blackleg ratingof S (P). Tested in NVT 2012-13. Bred byCanola Breeders*.CB TM Sturt TT. Early-mid maturityopen-pollinated variety. Moderate oilcontent. Short-medium plant height.Adapted to the low and medium rainfallareas. Blackleg rating of MS-S. Tested inNVT trials in 2011-13. An EPR applies.Bred by Canola Breeders*.Crusher TT A . Mid maturing OP TTvariety. Moderate oil content. Mediumtallplant height. Suited to mediumto very high rainfall areas includingirrigation. Blackleg resistance ratingMR-MS. Tested in NVT trials in 2010-13.Bred and marketed by Pacific Seeds.Hyola ® 444TT. Early maturing TTHybrid. Medium-short plant height.Moderate-high oil content. Ideally fitslow to medium-high rainfall areas andexhibits good TT hybrid vigour and goodstandability. Blackleg resistance ratingR-MR. Tested in NVT trials in 2010-11.Bred and marketed by Pacific Seeds.Outclassed, but seed still available.Hyola ® 555TT. Mid-Early maturingTT Hybrid. Moderate-high oil content.Medium plant height. Ideally fitsmedium-low right through to high% Oil Content of 2012 early-season canola trialsVariety Tooligie Minlaton KeithConventionalAV Garnet 45.6 - 42.7AV Zircon 44.5 - 41.9CB Agamax 44.9 - 41.4CB Tango C 46.6 - 42.7Hyola 50 46.0 - 41.9Victory V3001 - - 40.2Victory V3002 - - 43.4ClearfieldArcher - - 41.7Carbine 46.4 44.1 42.1Hyola 474CL 45.2 45.3 42.4Hyola 575CL - 46.4 41.9Pioneer 43C80 (CL) 47.7 43.1 41.5Pioneer 43Y85 (CL) 45.8 43.6 41.3Pioneer 44Y84 (CL) 46.8 44.7 40.6Pioneer 45Y82 (CL) 45.3 43.4 41.5Xceed Oasis CL 45.0 - -Triazine tolerantATR Bonito 46.9 44.8 40.1ATR Cobbler 45.7 42.7 39.1ATR Gem 47.6 44.9 38.7ATR Snapper 48.7 45.1 40.8ATR Stingray 46.8 44.0 39.4Bonanza TT 46.0 44.9 38.3CB Atomic HT - - 39.7CB Jardee HT - 42.0 37.0CB Junee HT 44.0 42.0 37.6CB Sturt TT 45.2 42.4 38.0CB Telfer 47.2 43.8 38.2Hyola 559TT 46.0 44.1 38.6Jackpot TT 47.1 44.0 40.5Monola 413TT 47.4 42.9 40.1Monola 506TT - - 40.9rainfall areas. Blackleg resistance ratingR-MR, blackleg rotation group E. Testedin NVT trials in 2010-13. Bred andmarketed by Pacific Seeds.Hyola ® 559TT. Mid-Early maturing TTHybrid. High oil content. Medium plantheight. Ideally fits medium-low rightthrough to high rainfall areas. Blacklegresistance rating R-MR, blackleg rotationgroup D. Tested in NVT trials in 2012-13.Bred and marketed by Pacific Seeds.Hyola ® 656TT. Mid to mid-latematuring hybrid. High oil content.Medium-tall plant height. Suited to highto very high rainfall areas. Provisionalblackleg rating of R (P). Tested in NVTtrials in 2012 -13. Bred and marketed byPacific Seeds.Monola 413TT A . Early-mid maturingopen pollinated specialty oil variety.Medium plant height. High oil content.Provisional blackleg rating of R-MR (P).Blackleg resistance group D. Tested inNVT trials in 2012-13. Bred and marketedby Nuseed Pty Ltd.Monola 605TT A . Early-mid maturingopen pollinated specialty oil variety.Medium plant height. Moderate oilcontent. Blackleg rating of R-MR.Blackleg resistance group D. Tested inNVT trials in 2011-13. Bred and marketedby Nuseed Pty Ltd.Thumper TT. Mid to mid-late maturingdoubled haploid OP TT variety.Moderate-high oil content. Medium plantheight.Suited to high to very high rainfallareas. Ideally fits high to very high rainfallareas including irrigation, exhibits goodearly vigour and excellent standability.Blackleg resistance rating R. Blacklegrotation group E. Tested in NVT trials in2010-13. Bred and marketed by PacificSeeds.Withdrawn and no longer available:Fighter TT, Jackpot TT, and ATRSnapper*Canola Breeders ceased operating as acompany in July 2013.Future marketing arrangements of allof Canola Breeders released varieties isunclear at the time of writing this article.Acknowledgements: Trent Potter, Yeruga CropResearch and Australian Oilseeds Federation.Oat variety sowing guide 2014By Pamela Zwer, Principal Oat Breeder, SueHoppo, Research Scientist, Peter McCormack,Manager Oat Improvement, Mark Hill SeniorAgricultural Officer, Oat Breeding PeterWheeler Agricultural Officer, Oat Breeding,KerryLee McMurray, Technical Officer, OatBreeding and Michelle Williams, ResearchOfficer, Oat Quality Laboratory, SARDIThe oat variety descriptions in thispublication serve as a guide toselect oat varieties for specific enduses with disease resistance, agronomictraits, and yield potential suited to diversesouth eastern Australian farming systems.How to use the oat varietysowing guideVarieties adapted to low, medium, andhigh rainfall regions and categorised bygrain and hay end-use are shown in Table1. Select the group of varieties suited toyour rainfall region and end use. ConsultTables 2 to 7 to refine the list to one ortwo varieties. Consult Tables 2 and 3 forhay and grain production comparisons,Table 4 for agronomic features, Table5 for disease resistance, Table 6 forgrain quality and Table 7 for hay quality.Certain varieties are preferred forparticular end-uses, so check with hayprocessors and millers prior to varietyselection.Is cereal cyst or stem nematode aproduction contraint?Cereal cyst nematode (CCN) andstem nematode (SN) are major soilbornediseases limiting the yield of oatsin certain areas of southern Australia.Due to the significant effect of CCN andSN on varietal performance, soil testingis recommended to assess if either ofthese nematodes will be a significantproblem. The PreDicta B Root DiseaseTesting Service (RDTS) provides adiagnostic service to assess the levels ofboth nematodes prior to sowing. This isavailable through your local accreditedagronomist or contact Alan Mackay(SARDI Plant and Soil Health ph. 83039375) for your local accreditedagronomist.Varieties contained in Table1 provide options for differentend uses. Table 5 should thenbe used in conjunction with thistable to determine if the varietyof choice has both resistanceand tolerance to CCN if it is aproblem or resistance and tolerance toSN if it is a problem. Varieties grownwhere CCN or SN is present should beresistant to the particular nematodewhich is a problem so that multiplicationof the nematode is limited. The varietySue Hopposhould also be tolerant so that ityields well in the presence of thenematode. Yield penalties of upto 80% can occur if an intolerantvariety is sown in a paddock whereCCN or SN is a problem.There are eleven varietiesresistant to CCN listed in Table5 and nine of these are alsotolerant: Dunnart, Wombat, Tammar,Mulgara, Tungoo, Kangaroo, Wintaroo,Wallaroo and Potoroo are all varietieswith both CCN resistance and tolerance.The remaining two resistant varieties,Yallara and Brusher are intolerant ofTable 1. Oat varieties listed according to annual rainfall. Use Tables 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 to further refine your choicewithin each category.End useAnnual Rainfall (mm)500Milling grain Mitika Mitika MitikaYallara Yallara YallaraWombat Wombat WombatDunnart 1 Possum PossumBannister 1 Dunnart 1 Dunnart 1Bannister 1 Bannister 1Feed grainsheep,cattleMitika Mitika MitikaYallara Yallara YallaraWintaroo Wintaroo WintarooMulgara Mulgara MulgaraWombat Wombat WombatDunnart Dunnart DunnartEchidna Echidna EchidnaWallaroo Quoll QuollFeed grain - pigs, poultry - Numbat NumbatOat hay Wallaroo Wintaroo ForesterBrusher Mulgara TammarMulgara Tammar TungooWintaroo Tungoo GliderKangarooKangarooBrusherBrusherMulgaraWintarooHay andlegume mixes1 Milling status in south eastern Australia to be confirmed in early 2014Wallaroo Wintaroo ForesterBrusher Tammar TammarMulgara Tungoo TungooWintaroo Kangaroo GliderYallara Brusher KangarooPotoroo38 > SARDI Sowing Guide 20142013 SARDI Sowing Guide < 39

Sowing Guide 2014Sowing Guide 2014CCN. There are nine varieties tolerantto stem nematode. These are Dunnart,Wombat, Tammar, Mulgara, Tungoo,Wintaroo, Glider, Quoll and Echidna.All of these are rated as resistant ormoderately resistant to SN exceptEchidna which is rated as moderatelysusceptible. Bannister, Kangaroo,Potoroo and Wallaroo are intermediatein their reaction to SN. In cold wetseasonal conditions these varieties maysuffer more yield loss than in warmer,drier winter conditions.Is leaf disease a productionconstraint?Resistance to leaf diseases is importantin most environments. However, eventhough varieties are listed as resistantto stem and leaf rust, changes in rustpathotypes can occur. Recently astem rust pathotype moved into thesouthern region of South Australiafrom northern NSW causing all stemrust resistance to be ineffective in thepresence of this pathotype. Table 5indicates a range of resistance reactionsfor stem rust depending on whether thenew pathotype of stem rust is presentor not. Monitoring of disease levels isessential and application of fungicidemay still be required depending onseasonal conditions. Table 1 should beused to determine the variety optionsavailable for a particular end use. Next,Table 5 should be used to further refineyour choice. For example, if a varietyfor oat hay is required in a high rainfallenvironment, Forester, Tammar, Tungoo,Glider and Kangaroo are suitable (Table1). Table 3 indicates that Kangaroo isthe highest yielding for hay in thisenvironment. However, using Table 5Forester, Tammar, Tungoo, and Gliderhave better resistance to both stem andleaf rust. These varieties also vary intheir level of resistance to septoria, barleyyellow dwarf virus (BYDV), bacterialblight and red leather leaf which maybe also be important. Table 4 shouldthen be used to determine if the varietyselected matures at the time required.Is milling quality required?The probability of a variety meeting theclassification criteria for milling gradeis an important consideration whenselecting a variety for milling end-use.This is greatly influenced by seasonalconditions. Premium milling varietiessuch as Yallara, Mitika, Possum, Wombat,Table 2. Eight year (2005-2012) average grain yield (t/ha) of oat varieties tested in grain trials (no. trials inbrackets).RegionLower EP Upper EP YorkePeninsulaSemi-dwarf (husked)Euro and Mortlock, will reach theclassification criteria for milling grademore often than other varieties suchas Echidna (Table 6). Although somevarieties are not considered milling class,they may reach milling grade criteria,but would not be accepted for milling.It is imperative that you check with yourmiller about the quality standards andvarieties that are accepted for millingbefore you sow a grain crop.To select a variety for milling grain inmedium to high rainfall zones you havethe choice of Mitika, Yallara, Wombat,Possum, Dunnart and Bannister (Table1). Dunnart and Bannister are bothpotential milling varieties. Their millingstatus will be confirmed by test mill inearly 2014. Table 2 shows the relativeyield and Table 6 the relative grain qualityfor each of these varieties. Using thisinformation, choose a variety that suitsMid North South East MurrayMalleeOverallBannister 3.8 (2) 1.9 (4) 4.1 (3) 3.6 (17) 3.8 (13) 2.3 (8) 3.2 (47)Dunnart 3.5 (6) 1.7 (10) 3.7 (7) 3.3 (23) 3.6 (23) 2.1 (15) 3.0 (84)Mitika 3.5 (7) 1.6 (12) 3.7 (8) 3.4 (24) 3.5 (25) 2.0 (16) 3.0 (92)Possum 3.4 (7) 1.6 (12) 3.7 (8) 3.3 (22) 3.5 (25) 2.0 (15) 2.9 (89)Potoroo 3.4 (7) 1.7 (12) 3.8 (8) 3.2 (22) 3.7 (23) 2.1 (15) 3.0 (87)Quoll 3.5 (3) 1.7 (5) 3.7 (3) 3.4 (9) 3.6 (15) 2.2 (7) 3.0 (42)Wombat 3.6 (4) 1.7 (7) 3.7 (5) 3.3 (17) 3.7 (15) 2.1 (10) 3.0 (58)Semi-dwarf (naked)Numbat 2.5 (2) 0.8 (6) 2.7 (2) 2.0 (17) 2.3 (17) 1.1 (11) 1.9 (55)Tall (husked)Yallara 3.4 (7) 1.5 (12) 3.4 (8) 3.1 (24) 3.2 (25) 1.9 (16) 2.7 (92)Table 3. Eight year (2005-2012) average hay and grain production of oat varieties tested in hay trialsHay yield (t/ha)Grain yield (t/ha)Rainfall zoneRainfall zone500mm 500mmTall (husked) - early to mid season maturityBrusher 6.4 8.8 11.6 1.7 2.7 2.8Mulgara 6.7 9.3 11.7 1.9 2.8 2.9Wallaroo 6.3 9.0 11.5 1.8 2.6 2.8Wintaroo 7.2 9.9 11.7 1.9 2.8 3.0Yallara 6.5 9.1 11.6 2.0 3.0 3.3Tall (husked) - mid late to very late maturityForester na 8.3 12.1 1.4 1.9 2.2Glider na 8.2 11.9 1.5 2.1 2.4Kangaroo na 9.1 12.2 1.8 2.5 2.9Tammar na 8.9 12.0 1.8 2.6 3.0Tungoo na 8.8 12.0 1.6 2.4 2.8No. trials 14 40 21 23 46 27your end use based on whether yield orquality is a priority. Table 4 should also beused to determine if the variety selectedmatures at the time required and Table5 should be used to determine if thevariety selected has the desired diseaseresistance. For example, if CCN is aproblem you have a choice of Wombat orDunnart.If export hay quality is requiredHay quality is essential to meet exporthay standards and is greatly influencedby seasonal and nutritional conditions.However, some varieties are more likelyto produce hay of a higher quality thanothers. It is imperative that you checkwith your hay processor about the qualitystandards required to make export gradequality hay before you sow a hay crop.Use Table 7 to refine your choice afterfirst ensuring that the criteria in Tables 1,4 and 5 are met for your situation.Oats for grazingThis guide contains no guidelines foroats suited to grazing plus feed grainproduction and repeated grazing fromearly sowing. A more comprehensiveguide for grazing varieties is containedin the Winter Crop Variety Sowing Guideproduced annually by NSW DPI. Pleasecontact the National Oat Breedingor New Variety Agronomy Groups forinformation on how to obtain a copy ofthis publication.Notes on recently released varietiesFact sheets or pamphlets describingall varieties released by the SA basedNational Oat Breeding Program areavailable from Primary Industries andResources (PIRSA), the South AustralianResearch and Development Institute(SARDI), New Variety Agronomy Group,the relevant commercial partner for thevariety or the SARDI website (www.sardi.sa.gov.au). The herbicide tolerance ofdifferent oat varieties as well as yield andquality information for grain varietiesis available on the NVT website www.nvtonline.com.au.Milling varietiesBannister A . Bannister is a dwarfpotential milling variety with high grainyield released for Western Australia.Bannister is suited to eastern Australiaas well as Western Australia. It is adaptedto low, medium, and high rainfall zonesof Southern Australia. It is 13 cmtaller than Mitika and heads about 3 to4 days later than Mitika. Seednet is thecommercial partner. Bannister is resistantto leaf rust and moderately resistant tobacterial blight. It is susceptible andintolerant to CCN. Bannister has slightlylower hectolitre weight and slightlyhigher screenings compared to Mitika. Itis similar to Mitika for groat percent.Dunnart A .Dunnart is a dwarf potential millingvariety commercialised by Seednetwith seed available in 2014. It averagesabout 10 to 15 cm taller than Possum,Wombat, and Mitika. Dunnart is resistantand moderately tolerant to CCN andmoderately tolerant to stem nematodewith improved resistance to barley yellowdwarf virus (BYDV). It is moderatelyresistant to leaf rust. Dunnart has slightlylower hectolitre weight and groat percentcompared to Mitika, but lower screeningsand higher grain weight. Dunnart hasimproved plant colour compared toMitika, Possum, and Wombat.Wombat A . Wombat is a dwarf millingvariety commercialised by Seednet withseed available in 2014. It is similar inheight to Possum and slightly taller thanMitika. It is a midseason variety floweringabout six days later than Mitika.Wombat is the first dwarf milling varietywith CCN resistance and tolerance. It isalso moderately tolerant and moderatelyresistant to stem nematode. It hasimproved BYDV resistance comparedto other dwarf varieties and improvedbacterial blight resistance compared toother dwarf varieties except Mitika.Wombat has high hectolitre weightand low screenings compared to thefeed variety Potoroo, which was the firstdwarf variety with CCN resistance andtolerance. It also has high groat percent,slightly higher than Mitika. Wombatcan have slightly higher screenings thanMitika, Yallara and Possum dependingTable 4. Agronomic features of varieties.VarietyEarlyvigourPlantheightSemi-dwarf (husked)on seasonal conditions. Wombat willdevelop leaf reddening symptoms similarto Mitika and Possum post flowering. Thisdoes not affect grain yield or quality.Mitika A . Mitika is an early maturingdwarf milling oat developed by SARDIand now commercialised by HeritageSeeds. It is resistant to leaf rust andmoderately resistant to stem rust andbacterial blight. However, Mitika issusceptible to CCN, BYDV, septoria andred leather leaf and intolerant to CCNand stem nematode. Mitika is a millingquality oat with high hectolitre andgrain weight, low screenings percent andmoderately high groat percent.It is also a high feed value oat with lowhull lignin and high grain digestibility.Mitika averages higher levels of Betaglucanthan Possum, Yallara and Euro.It is recommended for all rainfall zoneswhere CCN or stem nematode is not aproblem.Yallara A . Yallara is a medium-tallmilling oat variety developed by SARDIHeading Maturity ShatteringresistanceStandingabilityBannister G D EM EM R RDunnart G TD EM EM R MREchidna G D EM EM R RMitika G D E E R RPossum G D EM EM R RPotoroo G TD E E MR MRQuoll G TD EM EM R RWombat G D M M R RSemi-dwarf (naked)Numbat MG D EM EM MR RTall (husked)Brusher MG T E EM MS MRForester VG MT VL VL R RGlider P MT L L MS MRKangaroo MG MT ML ML MS RMulgara MG T EM EM MR MRTammar M MT LM LM MS RTungoo MP MT ML ML MS MSWallaroo G MT E E MS MSWintaroo M T M EM MS MR-MSYallara VG MT EM EM MR RValue for trait: Early vigour: VG=very good, G=good, MG = moderately good, M=moderate, P=poor, MP =moderately poorPlant height: D = dwarf, TD = tall dwarf, T = tall, ST = short tall, MT = moderate tallHeading and maturity: E = early, EM = early mid, M= mid season, ML = mid late season, LM = late mid season,L= late, VL=very lateShattering and standing ability: R = resistant, MR = moderately resistant, MS = moderately susceptible, S =susceptible40 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 41

Sowing Guide 2014Sowing Guide 2014and commercialised by Seednet. Yallarais a backcross line using Euro as therecurrent parent and a North Dakotaline as the source of rust resistance. Itis moderately resistant to stem rust andresistant to leaf rust. Long term yieldof this variety is a 2% improvementcompared to Euro.However, yield increases of between40 and 100% have been recorded forvarieties with stem rust resistance similarto Yallara in years where stem rust is yieldlimiting. Yallara is slightly taller thanEuro and 2 days earlier to head. It haspremium oat quality and averages higherhectolitre weight and groat percent andlower screenings percent than Euro,Mitika, Possum and Wombat.Yallara is an improvement comparedto Euro for bacterial blight resistance.Like Euro, Yallara is resistant to CCNbut intolerant, moderately susceptibleto septoria and red leather leaf andintolerant to stem nematode. Yallarais recommended to replace Euro in allareas but particularly where stem and leafrust can be yield limiting.In addition, Yallara has bright grain andhigh grain digestibility making it suitablefor the horse racing industry.Based on herbicide tolerance trialsconducted by the SARDI New VarietyAgronomy Group, Yallara is particularlysensitive to applications of Banvel-M ® .For more information about theherbicide tolerance of Yallara go to www.nvtonline.com.au.Hay varietiesForester A . Forester is a very late hayvariety adapted to high rainfall andirrigated cropping regions. It is sevento 10 days later than Glider, three dayslater than Riel, two days later than Targa,and three weeks later than Wintaroo.Forester has excellent early vigour andis an improvement compared to Glider.It has excellent lodging and shatteringresistance.Forester has an excellent foliar diseaseresistance spectrum. It is moderatelysusceptible to CCN. It has good haycolour, but like all late hay varieties maynot resist hot dry winds as well as earliervarieties.Forester has excellent hay quality andis an improvement compared to Glider,Tammar, Targa, and Vasse, but similar toRiel.Seed of Forester is available from AGFSeeds.CCN Stem nematode Septoria BacterialTable 5. Disease resistance of oat varieties - field reactions.Colour key: Green is a good choice, yellow use caution and red either do not use or develop a managementpackage if this disease is yield limiting in your environmentVariety Rust BarleyReddwarf ance ance ance anceleafvirus 2stem 1 leaf yellow resist-toler-resist-toler-blight leatherSemi-dwarf (husked)Bannister MR-S R MS VS I - MI - MR-S MSDunnart MR-S MR MR R MT MR MT MS MR-S MSEchidna S S MS S I MS MT S S MSMitika MR-S R S VS I S I S MR SPossum MS-S MS S VS I S I MS S MS-SPotoroo S S MS R T S MI S VS S-VSQuoll MR-S MR MS S I R MT MR MS MSWombat MS-S MS MR R MT MR MT MS MS MSSemi-dwarf (naked)Numbat MR-S R S S I S I MR S MSTall (husked)Brusher MS-S MR-MS MS R MI MS I MS MR-MS MR-MSForester R-S MR-MS MR-S MS MI S I MR MS-S R-MRGlider MR-S R S-MR MS I R T R R RKangaroo MS-S MS MR-S R MT MS MI MR-MS MR-MS MSMulgara MS-S MR MS R MT R MT MS MR MSTammar MR-S MR MS MR MT R MT MR MR R-MSTungoo MS-S MR MR-MS R MT R MT MR MR RWallaroo S S MS R MT MS MI S S MSWintaroo S MS MR-MS R MT MR MT MR-MS MR MSYallara MR-S R MS R I S I MS MR-MS MS1 Disease reactions to stem rust will vary with pathotype, 2 Disease reactions to BYDV may vary with the strainof the virus. Key to symbols used: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MR =moderately resistant, R = resistant, VI= very intolerant, I = intolerant, MI = moderately intolerant,MT = moderately tolerant, T = tolerant, VT = very tolerant.Tammar A . Tammar is a new late tallhay oat variety later in cutting time thanKangaroo and Tungoo but not as late asGlider. It is available to growers throughAEXCO Pty Ltd.Tammar has excellent hay colour andresists brown leaf at hay cutting. Hayyields are slightly lower than Wintarooand similar to Tungoo and Kangaroo.Grain yield is better than Kangaroo,Tungoo, Glider and Riel. Hay qualityis better than Kangaroo and similar toTungoo and Wintaroo.Hay digestibility and ADF are betterthan Tungoo and Wintaroo. Tammaris moderately resistant and moderatelytolerant to CCN and resistant andmoderately tolerant to SN. Tammar hasan excellent foliar disease resistanceprofile and is an improvement comparedto Tungoo for stem rust resistance.Tammar is similar in height to Kangaroo,Tungoo and Wintaroo and has betterlodging resistance than Tungoo,Wintaroo, Glider and Riel. Tammar hasbetter early vigour than Tungoo andGlider. Tammar has grain quality similarto Tungoo and Kangaroo with slightlysmaller grain weight and slightly morescreenings. It has improved grain qualitycompared to Glider, Riel and Vasse.Tammar is recommended for mediumand high rainfall zones and gives aslightly later option for cutting time thanTungoo and Kangaroo.Mulgara A . Mulgara is a tall mid seasonhay oat similar in heading time andheight to Wintaroo. It is available togrowers through AEXCO Pty Ltd.Mulgara is an improvement comparedto Wintaroo for resistance to stemrust and bacterial blight. It is also animprovement compared to Wintaroo forlodging and shattering resistance andearly vigour. Hay yield is an improvementcompared to Brusher but is slightly lowerthan Wintaroo. Hay quality is similar toWintaroo.Mulgara has excellent hay colour andresists brown leaf at hay cutting. Grainyield and quality is similar to Wintaroowith lower screenings, higher protein andgroat percent. Mulgara has high grainhull lignin.Mulgara is recommended to replaceWintaroo in areas with stem nematodedue to its higher level of resistance. Intests conducted over six years, Mulgaraaveraged 70 nematodes per plantcompared to Wintaroo’s 1065. It is alsorecommended to replace Wintaroo whereimproved lodging resistance, stem rust, orbacterial blight resistance is required.The seed size of Mulgara is larger thanother hay varieties and similar to Swan.Care should be taken to sow this variety atthe correct seed density.Tungoo A . Tungoo is a medium tallmid to late season hay variety similarin heading date to Kangaroo. Seed ofthis line is available to growers throughAEXCO Pty Ltd.Tungoo has an excellent diseaseresistance profile and resists leafbrowning from hot dry winds. Itcombines resistance and moderatetolerance to CCN and SN. Levels ofstem nematode resistance are similar toGlider and an improvement compared toWintaroo.Tested over six years, Tungoo averaged24 nematodes per plant comparedto Wintaroo’s 1065. Tungoo is alsoresistant to leaf rust and red leather leaf,moderately resistant to BYDV, septoria,and bacterial blight and moderatelysusceptible to stem rust.Hay yield is similar to Kangaroo butgrain yield and quality is similar to Glider.Hay digestibility is similar to Wintaroo(better than Kangaroo), although ittends to be higher in NDF and lower inWSC than Wintaroo but an improvementcompared to Kangaroo. Early vigour isan improvement compared to Glider,but not as good as Kangaroo. It hasmoderately low hull lignin.Brusher A . Brusher is an early-midseason tall oat developed by SARDI andcommercialised by AEXCO Pty Ltd in2003. It is two to four days earlier tohead than Wintaroo and this suits it wellto low rainfall areas. Although BrusherTable 6. Grain quality comparisons.Variety HectolitreWeight(kg/hl)Screenings SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 43

Sowing Guide 2014Sowing Guide 2014Lentil variety sowing guide 2014By Stuart Sherriff, Research Officer SARDI,Larn McMurray Research Scientist SARDI& Matthew Rodda, PBA lentil breeder, DEPIVictoriaPBA Hurricane XT has beenreleased for sowing in 2014 byPulse Breeding Australia (PBA) inconjunction with lentil commercial seedpartner, PB Seeds Pty Ltd (Horsham).PBA Hurricane XT, evaluated asCIPAL1101, is a herbicide tolerant redlentil with improved tolerance to GroupB herbicides similar to that of PBAHerald XT.It is a small red lentil with a greyseed coat, slightly larger in seed sizethan Nipper and PBA Herald XT. PBAHurricane XT has good resistanceto ascochyta blight (AB) but willrequire protection for botrytis greymould (BGM) in disease prone areas,particularly where early sowing occurs.It is a mid-maturing variety with earlierflowering, increased vigour and improvedplant height over Nipper and PBAHerald XT. Due to its improved plantcharacteristics and lower levels of BGMresistance than Nipper and PBA HeraldXT, PBA Hurricane XT may not be aswell suited to the agronomic practiceof early sowing in the more favourableenvironments of South Australia (SA).The availability of PBA Hurricane XTnow provides growers with a lentil varietywhich incorporates improved agronomiccharacteristics, higher grain yields thanNugget and improved tolerance to theherbicides, imazethapyr (permit renewaland registration process in progress)and flumetsulum along with reducedsensitivity to some Group B herbicideresidues providing that product labelrates, plant back periods and all labeldirections for use are adhered to.PBA Ace and PBA Bolt were releasedfor sowing in 2013 and are both highyielding lines with a number of otheragronomic benefits aiding lentilproduction in south easternAustralia. PBA Ace is broadlyadapted and the highestyielding lentil line in long termevaluation trials in SA andVictoria. It is a mid maturingdisease resistant red lentil witha grey coloured seed coat andmedium sized seed. It providesan alternative to Nugget in alllentil growing areas, and to PBA Flash,PBA Bolt and PBA Blitz where earlymaturity for drought tolerance or croptopping is not required. PBA Bolt is amid to early maturing, high yielding redlentil with improved lodging resistanceand harvestability over all varieties andimproved AB resistance over PBA Flash.It has seed size and seed coat coloursimilar to Nugget and PBA Ace and itscombination of erectness, improvedboron and salt tolerance and high yieldsin low rainfall situations makes it a goodoption for mallee type environmentsStuart Sherriffwhere it has been high yieldingin evaluation trials. PBA Bolt israted moderately susceptibleto BGM and this will need tobe managed in SA particularlywhere early sowing occurs.Weather conditions conduciveto AB and BGM diseasedevelopment caused high levelsof infection in lentil cropsin 2013. The level of infection in PBAFlash, Nipper, and to a lesser extentPBA Jumbo, was higher than seenpreviously in SA indicating that changesin the virulence of AB pathogens mayhave occurred, most likely due to thehigh intensity of lentil cropping on theYorke Peninsula and in the lower midNorth. Vegetative and podding spraysfor AB are now recommended for thesevarieties in disease prone areas. In recentseasons lentil crops in SA have often beensown in the first half of May to improveyield reliability in years where dry springTable 1. Lentil variety sowing guide 2014.Seed typeRainfall zones (mm)Below 400 400-450 450–500 Above 500Medium red PBA Blitz~ PBA Ace PBA Ace PBA AcePBA Ace PBA Blitz~ PBA Blitz~ PBA Blitz~PBA Bolt PBA Bolt Nugget NuggetPBA Flash PBA Flash PBA Bolt PBA BoltNugget Nugget PBA Flash PBA FlashSmall red PBA Bounty PBA Bounty Nipper NipperNipper# Nipper PBA Bounty PBA BountyNorthfield Northfield Northfield NorthfieldPBA Hurricane XT+ PBA Hurricane XT+ PBA Hurricane XT+ PBA Hurricane XT+PBA Herald XT+# PBA Herald XT+ PBA Herald XT+ PBA Herald XT+Large red PBA Jumbo PBA Jumbo PBA Jumbo PBA JumboAldinga Aldinga Aldinga AldingaLarge green Boomer Boomer Boomer BoomerTiara^# = not well suited to low rainfall areas, or dry seasonal conditions, due to low biomass type; must be sown earlyin these situations ~ = variety best suited to crop-topping ^ = spring sowing type += herbicide tolerant varietyTable 2. Characteristics of selected lentil varieties.Variety Seed CotyledonSeed size Market Vigour Plant Flow-Maturity Lodging Pod Shatter-Botrytis Ascochyta Boron Saltcoat(%) relative categoryheight ering time resist-drop ing grey blightcolour colour to Nuggettimeancemould Foliage SeedMedium redNugget Grey Red 100 MRS Moderate Medium Mid Mid/Late MS/MR MR R MS/MR MS/MR MS I IPBA Ace Grey Red 100 MRS Good Medium Mid Mid MS/MR R MS/MR MR R R I IPBA Blitz Grey Red 115-120 MRS Mod/Good Med/Tall Early Early MR MR MR R MR MR I IPBA Bolt Grey Red 100 MRS Mod/Good Medium Early/Mid Early/Mid R R R MS MR R MI MIPBA Flash Green Red 100-110 MRS Moderate Medium Early/Mid Early/Mid MR MR MR MS MS MR MI MISmall redPBA Bounty Grey Red 90 SRP Moderate Med/ Mid/Late Mid MS R R MS MR MR I MIshortPBA Herald XT Grey Red 75 SR Poor/Mod Short Mid/Late Mid/Late MR MR R MR R R I INipper Grey Red 75-80 SRP Poor/Mod Short Mid/Late Mid MR MR MR R MR R I MTPBA Hurricane XT Grey Red 85 SRP Moderate Medium Mid Mid MR MR R MS/MR MR - I INorthfield Tan Red 80 SRP Poor/Mod Short Mid Mid MS MR MR S MR R I ILarge redAldinga Green Red 120 LRS Moderate Medium Mid Mid S MR MR MS MR MS I MIPBA Jumbo Grey Red 120 LRS Moderate Medium Mid Mid MS MR MR MS MR R MI ILarge greenBoomer Green Yellow 140-160 LG Good Tall Mid Mid/Late MS MR MS-S MR MR MS I ITiarra Green Yellow 160-180 LG Good Tall Very late Very late MS MR - - S S - -R = resistant, MR = moderately resistant, MS = moderately susceptible, S = susceptible, I = intolerant, MI = moderately intolerant, MT = moderately tolerantMarket category: MRS = medium red split, SRP = small red premium round (football), SR = small red round (football), LRS = large red split, LG = large green.conditions occur. In favourable seasonsthis has led to the production of densecanopies and lodged crops favouringBGM development and making diseasecontrol with foliar fungicides difficult.This is particularly the case in varietiesrated MR/MS or lower for BGM e.g.Nugget, PBA Bolt, PBA Jumbo, PBAHurricane XT, PBA Flash. Varietieswith lower biomass production, e.g. PBAHerald XT and Nipper, and/or thosewith resistance to BGM, e.g. PBA Blitz,are better suited to the practice of earlysowing.A large range of lentil varietiesare available, offering growers theopportunity to exploit particularagronomic management and or marketopportunities. When selecting lentilvarieties, growers need to take intoaccount varietal differences in grainyield, disease resistance (BGM andAB), agronomic adaptation, lodgingresistance, marketability and herbicidetolerance. All current varieties havestrengths and weakness which growersneed to be aware of and manage for.Careful variety selection, along with thecorrect implementation of recommendedagronomic management packages (seePBA variety release brochures, the LentilUte Guide and www.pulseaus.com.au),will increase the chances of maximisinggrain yield and quality. Growers can alsospread their disease, yield and marketrisks by growing more than one variety,providing the varieties chosen differ intheir disease, maturity and marketingcharacteristics. Seed dressings arerecommended particularly if growersare sowing seed which was infected withdisease in 2013.Variety purity is very important in lentilswith a restriction of 1% for varieties notof the same type. This is of particularconcern when growing varieties withdifferent seed coat or cotyledon colour(Table 2). Be aware of the potential forcontamination from volunteer lentils inpaddocks when changing to new varietieswith different seed coat or cotyledoncolours. A classification allowance atreceival point now exists for seeds ofcontrasting colour in varieties which havea known seed type of a different colour,ie the “pale coat Blitz” seeds in PBA Blitz,with a maximum limit of 1% allowed.Price differences can occur betweenvarieties across seasons, however growersneed to produce high quality seed in allvarieties to secure markets and achievethe highest prices. On farm storage canassist in attaining the highest price forgrain in some seasons and allow lentilswith poor quality issues or contaminantsto be stored until appropriate cleaningand marketing can occur. Timelyharvesting is recommended in lentilsto minimise seed discolouration andweather damage and also to reduce therisk of yield loss from strong wind eventson the ripe crop.Selection criteriaInformation on the most importantselection criteria, grain yield, diseaseresistance, maturity, lodging resistance,shattering and seed type for each varietycan be found in Tables 2-3. Whenselecting a variety, growers also needto consider their individual farm andpaddock situation and the access andavailability of the likely target marketsand make their selection on all availableinformation.Notes on selected varietiesMedium Red LentilsPBA Ace A (CIPAL803) is a diseaseresistant, vigorous growing, mid floweringand maturing line with high yieldpotential and broad adaptation. It willprovide an alternative to Nugget in allregions and PBA Flash and PBA Blitzin favourable lentil growing areas wherecrop topping and drought tolerance arenot major priorities. It has a good diseaseresistance profile with resistance to ABand moderate resistance to BGM. PBAAce is the highest yielding variety longterm in all regions of SA and Victoria,but due to its later maturity than PBABolt, PBA Blitz and PBA Flash, is likelyto be better suited to areas where midmaturing varieties are favoured. Somelevel of shattering has been observedin PBA Ace at maturity, under someconditions, but it is unlikely to cause44 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 45

Sowing Guide 2014Sowing Guide 2014significant yield loss. Yield data (Table 3)includes sites where some shattering mayhave occurred in this variety. PBA Ace hasa grey seed coat colour with a mediumseed size. It is licensed to PB Seeds.PBA Bolt A (CIPAL801)is a midflowering but early to mid maturinglentil with excellent lodging resistanceat maturity and high yield in droughtyears and dry areas. It will provide analternative to PBA Flash in all areas whereAB, harvestability and drought toleranceare major issues, but particularly in theMallee areas of Victoria, where it hasconsistently performed well. Like PBAFlash, it has improved tolerance to boronand salt over most other varieties. PBABolt has good resistance to AB but ismoderately susceptible to BGM. It has agrey seed coat colour with a medium seedsize. It is licensed to PB Seeds.PBA Blitz A is suited to all currentlentil areas with particular adaptationto shorter-season areas where itscombination of mid to early flowering,early maturity, high yield, good diseaseresistance and medium to large seedsize will improve lentil reliability andeconomics of production. PBA Blitz isthe earliest maturing lentil variety andthe best option where crop topping and/or delayed sowing are practised. It has agood level of early vigour and an erectplant type.PBA Blitz is a medium sized red lentil(larger than PBA Flash and Nugget) witha grey coloured seed coat. PBA Blitz has alow level of “pale coat Blitz” seeds whichstill have red cotyledons and are a naturalpart of the genetic make-up of the varietyand do not affect the splitting or cookingcharacteristics of the variety. These “palecoat Blitz” seeds are classified at receivalpoint as seeds of contrasting colourwith a limit of 1% allowed. PBA Blitz iscommercialised by PB Seeds.PBA Flash A is a high yielding red lentilwith a green seed coat and medium seedsize. It is well suited to shorter season andlower yielding lentil growing areas whereits earlier maturity improves reliabilityof yield. Earlier maturity makes PBAFlash better suited to crop topping thanNugget, although caution is still requiredwith this practice due to seasonalvariation in weed and crop maturity. Itis now rated moderately susceptible tofoliar AB and will require foliar fungicideTable 3. Predicted long term yields of selected lentil varieties grouped by region in evaluation trials in SA andVictoria. Yields expressed as a percentage of Nugget (SARDI, PBA, NVT & DPI Vic. data, 2005–2012).Yorke Pen. Mid North Lower EP South East S.A. Mallee Vic Mallee WimmeraNugget yield 2.49 2.07 1.47 1.51 1.36 1.25 1.46(t/ha)Medium RedNugget 100 100 100 100 100 100 100PBA Ace 108 111 111 114 114 114 111PBA Blitz 104 106 107 106 107 99 100PBA Bolt 104 107 107 111 110 112 110PBA Flash 106 108 108 112 112 99 100Small RedNipper 99 101 100 102 100 92 95Northfield 95 93 89 92 87* 88 90PBA Bounty 103 103 104 99 103 103 102PBA Herald XT 96 96 92 95 95 96 97PBA Hurricane XT 104 105 NA 107* 106* 104 103Large RedAldinga 98 98 94 97 NA 93 94PBA Jumbo 108 107 107 107 108 101 101Large GreenBoomer 103 104 104 106 103 99 99* = varieties have had only limited evaluation at this site, treat results with caution.sprays, prior to flowering and at podding,to control this disease under highintensity situations or in disease proneenvironments. PBA Flash is susceptibleto BGM but has improved tolerance toboron and salinity compared to Nugget.PBA Flash has improved seed splittingcharacteristics over Nugget and is wellsuited to medium sized red lentil grainmarkets. PBA Flash is commercialised byPB Seeds.Small Red LentilsPBA Hurricane XT A (CIPAL1101) isthe second lentil variety to be releasedwith improved tolerance to theherbicide imazethapyr (permit renewaland registration process in progress)and the herbicide flumetsulam, plusreduced sensitivity to some sulfonylureaand imidazolinone herbicide residues.However it is important to note thatproduct label rates, plant-back periodsand directions for use must still beadhered to. It is a mid flowering, midmaturing variety with small red seedand with a grey seed coat, although theseed size is slightly larger than Nipperand PBA Herald XT. It has a reasonabledisease profile in that it has been ratedMR to AB and MR/MS for BGM butwill require protection for the latter indisease prone areas, particularly whereearly sowing occurs. Plant height andearly vigour are improved over Nipperand PBA Herald XT, improving weedcompetition and harvestability. It is thehighest yielding of the small red lentils,producing yields 3% higher than Nuggetand 5 – 12% higher than PBA Herald XTand Nipper in long term south easternAustralian evaluation trials. Like PBAHerald XT and Nipper, PBA HurricaneXT has been found more sensitive toGroup C herbicides such as metribuzinand simazine than other lentil varieties,however, label rates of these herbicideshave been used on most evaluation trials.It is important to be cautious whenapplying these herbicides on variable soiltypes, especially if weather conditionsconducive to crop damage are forecast.PBA Hurricane XT is commercialised byPB Seeds.PBA Herald XT A was the first lentilvariety released with improved toleranceto the herbicide imazethapyr (permitrenewal and registration process inprogress) and the herbicide flumetsulam,plus reduced sensitivity to somesulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicideresidues. However it is important tonote that product label rates, plant-backperiods and directions for use must stillbe adhered to. It is a mid to late floweringand maturing lentil and similar to Nipperin many agronomic characteristics,including short height, seed shape,grey seed coat colour and grain yield.It has good disease resistance includingresistance to AB and BGM. Limitedherbicide tolerance testing suggests PBAHerald XT, like Nipper, is more sensitivethan Nugget, PBA Blitz and PBA Flashto high rates of group C herbicides suchas metribuzin and simazine, thereforecaution is urged with the application ofthese products particularly on variablesoil types. PBA Herald XT has a verylow level of seeds with a black seed coattypically at frequencies of 0.1% or less.These seeds still have red cotyledonsand are a natural part of the geneticmake-up of the variety and do not affectthe splitting or cooking characteristicsof PBA Herald XT. These black coatedseeds are classified at receival point asseeds of contrasting colour with alimit of 1% allowed. PBA Herald XT iscommercialised by PB Seeds.Nipper A has resistance to BGM but itsresistance to AB appears to have brokendown in high lentil intensity areas of SA.Vegetative and podding sprays for ABare now recommended in this variety indisease prone areas. Nipper has a smallseed size, similar to PBA Herald XT.Nipper, like PBA Herald XT, flowers laterthan Nugget but often matures earlierthan Nugget. Nipper is favoured forthe practice of early sowing in SA dueto the combination of a lower biomassproduction and good BGM diseaseresistance but AB will now need to bemanaged. Nipper is more sensitive tometribuzin than most other varieties andcaution is required to avoid applicationwhen conditions are conducive todamage. Nipper is licensed to Seednet.Large Red LentilsPBA Jumbo A is the highest yieldinglarge seeded red lentil and a directreplacement for Aldinga. It is suitedto most current lentil growing areas,where it has consistently yielded around15% higher than Aldinga, althoughattaining larger seed size is more likelyin medium to high rainfall zones. PBAJumbo is moderately susceptible toBGM and this disease will need to bemanaged in disease prone areas. Ithas resistance to foliar and seed AB,which are both improved over Aldingaalthough evaluation in 2013 suggests thisresistance is starting to break down asseen in Nipper and PBA Flash. Plant typeand lodging susceptibility is similar toAldinga, and like that variety, PBA Jumbois well suited to no-till, inter-row sowinginto standing residue. It has a seed sizeand shape similar to Aldinga (20% largerthan Nugget) but with a grey seed coatand like Aldinga is well suited to the postharvestremoval of small broadleaf weedsseeds. Milling quality is improved overNugget and it is well suited to premiumlarge red split markets such as those in SriLanka. PBA Jumbo is commercialised byPB Seeds.Large Green LentilsSARDI ReSEARCH>>sowing the seeds of success!www.sardi.sa.gov.auBoomer A is a large seeded high yieldinggreen lentil released as Australia’s firstadapted green variety for all lentilgrowing areas. It has superior seed sizeto Matilda (approximately 30% larger)making it more competitive than thisvariety with overseas varieties in worldexport markets.Boomer has a large plant type andcan produce prolific amounts of growthmaking it prone to lodging underfavourable growing conditions. It hasimproved resistance to AB and BGMcompared to Matilda. Boomer will bebest adapted to medium rainfall areas ofsouthern Australia with mild finishingconditions needed to ensure that thelarge seeds can fully form.Ascochyta blight must be managedduring podding to avoid disease blemishon the seed coat. Boomer is moderatelysusceptible to shattering at maturity(more susceptible than current varieties).Delayed harvest under some conditionscan result in shattering and/or lossof green seed colour resulting indowngrading in this variety. Boomer islicensed to Seednet.46 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 47

Sowing Guide 2014Sowing Guide 2014Pea variety sowing guide 2014By Michael Lines, Research Officer- SARDI,Larn McMurray, Research Scientist- SARDI &Peter Kennedy, Field Pea Breeder- DPI VictoriaThree new Pulse BreedingAustralia Field Pea varieties, one‘Kaspa type’ dun, one forage peaand one dual purpose grain or foragepea, are to be available from Seednet for2014 sowings.PBA Wharton (previously OZP0805)is a ‘Kaspa type’ dun pea with improvedpowdery mildew and virus resistances. Itprovides the same agronomic benefitsas Kaspa (eg lodging and shatteringresistance) however is earlier floweringand maturing, making it more suitable tothe practice of crop topping.PBA Hayman (previously OZP0902)is a late flowering and late maturingconventional field pea suitable for forageproduction as a potential alternative tovetch.It produces small white seed, and haslower seed yield than Morgan (whichis generally considered a dual purposevariety) but also has higher biomassproduction.PBA Hayman is also resistant to powderymildew and moderately resistant tobacterial blight, traits lacking in thevariety Morgan.PBA Coogee (previously OZP1103) isa mid-late maturing conventional ‘dualpurpose’ dun pea, with powdery mildewresistance and improved bacterial blightresistance.PBA Coogee has high early season drymatter production and high grain yieldpotential in long seasons, and will offerthe flexibility of a forage option if grainyield is limited by seasonal stresses suchas frost.It may also provide a reliable alternativeto vetch for hay production or green/brown manuring, with increased postemergentweed control options, reducedhard seeds, and opportunistic grainproduction.PBA Coogee also shows improved boronand salt tolerance compared to all othercurrent commercial field pea varieties.A number of “Kaspa type” fieldpeas are now available, offeringthe same agronomic and seedtype benefits as Kaspa butvarying in their flowering andmaturity profiles.The release of PBA Whartonalso offers a “Kaspa type”alternative in regions where powderymildew and viruses are regular problems.The three recently released ‘Kaspatypes’, PBA Gunyah, PBA Twilight andPBA Wharton, are all earlier floweringand maturing than Kaspa, and showimproved suitability to crop-topping anddelayed sowing (for blackspot or weedcontrol) compared to Kaspa.These ‘Kaspa type’ varieties have around shape and lack of dimples whichis preferred by the major buyers in theIndian subcontinent for its easier seedcoat removal and greater split returns,and has previously obtained a premiumover dimpled types like Parafield,depending largely on world stocks andmarket supply.Since all ‘Kaspa types’ can all beMichael Linesdelivered into the Kaspasegregation, opportunity existsfor blending of varieties, andmay provide some benefit fromvariable seasonal conditions orstresses such as post floweringmoisture stress or frostavoidance/recovery.Downy mildew infections were commonin some regions in 2013.Pulse Breeding Australia is placingparticular emphasis on breeding forresistance to a number of diseases, andimproved resistance to diseases is nowincorporated in most advanced breedinglines.However the use of metalaxyl (egApron ® ) seed dressing is still advised forcontrol of downy mildew, particularly inhigh risk paddocks.Bacterial blight ratings have beenrevised to reflect disease observationsmade in 2012, and to provide scope forfurther breeding improvements (seeTable 2).The disease forecasting model‘Blackspot Manager’ predicted anTable 1. Pea variety sowing guide 2014.Seed typeRainfall zone (mm)Below 350 350-425 425–500 Above 500Dun – “Kaspa type” PBA Twilight PBA Twilight PBA Gunyah KaspaPBA Wharton PBA Wharton Kaspa PBA GunyahPBA Gunyah PBA Gunyah PBA Wharton PBA WhartonKaspa Kaspa PBA Twilight PBA TwilightDun - Other PBA Oura^ PBA Oura^ PBA Oura^ PBA Oura^PBA Percy^ PBA Percy^ PBA Percy^ PBA Percy^PBA Coogee* PBA Coogee* Yarrum YarrumParafield^ Parafield^ PBA Coogee* PBA Coogee*Yarrum Yarrum Parafield^ Parafield^Morgan* Morgan* Morgan* Morgan*PBA Hayman** PBA Hayman** PBA Hayman** PBA Hayman**White PBA Pearl PBA Pearl PBA Pearl PBA PearlSturt Sturt Sturt SturtBundi Bundi Bundi BundiSW Celine SW Celine SW CelineBlue Excell Excell Excell ExcellMaki Maki Maki Maki* Green manure/forage option ** Green manure/forage ONLY NT = Not tested^ Preferred varieties where bacterial blight is a production constraintTable 2. Variety characteristics of selected pea varieties.Variety SeedtypeSeedsizeLeafformFlowercolourPlantheightincreased blackspot risk in 2013 due tolow summer rainfall and a late sporerelease, and later sowing was generallyrecommended to avoid early sporereleases.A number of recently released earlierflowering and maturing varieties willprovide better yield stability in delayedsowing situations, and may also allowfurther opportunity to achieve aneffective weed control before sowingand/or minimise the risk of frost damageand bacterial blight.Predictions of blackspot spore releasetimes in each pea growing district can beobtained through ‘Blackspot Manager’via the internet (www.agric.wa.gov.au/cropdiseases) or a free SMS service (tosubscribe email Jenny Davidson: jenny.davidson@sa.gov.au).Selection criteriaThe list of suggested varieties is shownin Table 1 and is based on performancewithin different rainfall zones.Information on the most importantselection criteria, grain yield, diseaseresistance, maturity, standing ability, weedcompetitiveness, shattering resistance andseed type/quality for each variety can befound in Tables 2–3.When selecting a variety, farmers alsoneed to consider their individual farmand paddock situation, the access andavailability of the likely target marketsFloweringtimeMaturitytimeDowny mildewParafieldstrainKaspastrain#and storage and handling facilities andmake their selection on all the availableinformation.Due to white peas not being accepted inthe bulk dun segregation growers need toalso consider the different quality typeswithin peas (Table 1) and where they canbe delivered before deciding whether togrow these types.Notes on selected varietiesBlackspotDun typesDun peas are segregated from whiteand blue peas due to the different qualitymarkets they are aimed at. Some peamarkets in India and Sri Lanka preferAustralian dun peas due to their distinct‘nutty’ taste.‘Kaspa type’ grain is also preferred overdimpled grain (such as Parafield) inthese markets due to its round shape andlack of dimples allowing easier seed coatremoval and greater split returns.PBA Coogee A is a mid-late floweringand late maturing conventional dun peato be released as a dual purpose field peawith suitability for either grain or forageproduction.It has higher grain yield and similarbiomass production to Morgan, and grainyield between Parafield and Kaspa.PBA Coogee is resistant to powderymildew and has improved bacterial blightPowderymildewBacterialblight(pv syringae)ShatteringWeedcompetitivenessLodgingresistanceat maturityAlma Dun Me C P T M-L L S S MS S - MR Average PoorBundi White Me-Lg SL W Me-T E E R MS MS S S R Average# Fair-GoodDundale Dun Me C P T E M S - MS S - MR Average PoorExcell Blue Me SL W Me-T E-M L MR S MS S S S Average GoodKaspa Dun (K) Me SL Pi Me-T L M MR S MS S S R Good Fair-GoodMaki# Blue SL W Sh E E S S S R S S Poor Poor-FairMorgan Dun Sm SL P T L L MR S MS S MS MR Excellent Poor-FairParafield Dun Me-Lg C P T M M S S MS S MS MR Average PoorPBA Coogee Dun Lg C P T M M - - MS R MS-MR MR Good PoorPBA Gunyah Dun (K) Me SL Pi Me-T E-M E R S MS S S R Good Fair-GoodPBA Hayman White Sm C W T L L MR S MS R MR S Excellent FairPBA Oura Dun Me SL P Me-T E-M E MR MS MS S MS-MR MR Good Fair-GoodPBA Pearl White Me-Lg SL W Me-T M M MS MS MR S MS MR Good ExcellentPBA Percy Dun Me-Lg C P T E E S S MS S MR MR Average PoorPBA Twilight Dun (K) Me SL Pi Me-T E E R S MS S S R Good Fair-GoodPBA Wharton Dun (K) Me SL Pi Me-T E-M E R S MS R S R Good Fair-GoodSturt White Me-Sm C W T E-M M MS S MS S MS MR Average PoorSW Celine White Me-Lg SL W Me-T E E S S MS S S S Average Fair-Good# based on limited observations K = Kaspa type, Sm = small, Me = medium, Lg = large, C = conventional, SL = semi-leafless, P = purple, W = white, Pi = pink, T = tall,Sh = short, E = early, M = mid, L= late, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistantresistance. PBA Coogee shows improvedboron and salt tolerance compared toall other current commercial field peavarieties. Seed is to be released throughSeednet for 2014 sowings.PBA Wharton A is a ‘Kaspa type’ dun peaoffering improved powdery mildew andvirus resistances (Bean Leaf Roll and PeaSeed Borne Mosaic viruses).It provides the same agronomic benefitsas Kaspa (eg lodging and shatteringresistance), and will provide a reliablealternative in those areas where powderymildew and viruses are regular problems.PBA Wharton is early to mid floweringand early maturing, making it moresuitable to the practices of crop toppingand delayed sowing for blackspotmanagement.Seed is to be released through Seednetfor 2014 sowings.PBA Oura A is an erect growing, semileaflesspea variety offering improvedresistance to bacterial blight, high yieldsand broad adaptation across all the majorfield pea production regions.It is early to mid flowering and earlymaturing, making it more suitable to thepractice of crop topping than Kaspa.Agronomic trials have shown it is earlier(5-10 days) and longer flowering thanKaspa.It has fair to good lodging and pod48 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 49

Sowing Guide 2014Sowing Guide 2014Table 3. Predicted long term yields of selected pea varieties grouped by region in low and high yielding trials inSA. Yields expressed as a percentage of Kaspa’s yield (SARDI, PBA and NVT data, 2005–2012).GenotypeYorkePeninsulaMid Northshatter resistance at maturity, althoughit does not have the sugar- podcharacteristic like Kaspa.PBA Oura is rated MS-MR to bacterialblight, a similar response to that found inParafield but improved over Kaspa, PBAGunyah and PBA Twilight.In agronomic disease yield lossexperiments PBA Oura incurs less yieldloss from bacterial blight than all varieties(including Parafield) except for PBAPercy.PBA Oura is the highest yielding varietywith improved tolerance to this disease inall districts of SA, and recent results haveshown it also has the highest tolerance tometribuzin of all commercial varieties.Seed is licensed to Seednet.PBA Percy A is a conventional type peavariety, with an improved bacterial blightdisease rating compared to PBA Oura(MR vs. MS-MR).It is early flowering and early maturing,making it well suited to the practice ofcrop topping and delayed sowing forblackspot management.PBA Percy is very much earlier (10-25days) and longer flowering than Kaspa,and even earlier flowering than recentreleases PBA Gunyah and PBA Twilight.PBA Percy is susceptible to lodging atmaturity, but has moderate pod shatterresistance although it does not have thenon shattering pod characteristic likeKaspa.Lower EyrePeninsulaUpper EyrePeninsulaMurrayMalleeSouth EastExcell 87 86 87 83 82 89Kaspa 100 100 100 100 100 100Morgan 93 97 97 92 95 99Parafield 92 92 97 93 95 94PBA Coogee 96 100 101 94 100 102PBA Gunyah 98 101 103 99 104 104PBA Oura 99 104 108 101 110 107PBA Pearl 106 109 116 105 116 110PBA Percy 98 103 106 101 107 103PBA Twilight 96 101 100 99 98 103PBA Wharton 97 104 102 98 104 110Sturt 100 102 106 104 109 106SW Celine 99 101 104 98 104 101Yarrum 100 103 101 100 106 111Kaspa MeanYield (t/ha)2.39 2.16 1.79 1.7 1.4 2.29Its earlier maturity may also offer somelevel of powdery mildew avoidancecompared to other preferred bacterialblight resistant varieties.PBA Percy has had limited evaluation inSA but appears to yield similarly to PBAOura. Seed is licensed to Seednet.PBA Gunyah A is a ‘Kaspa type’ field peawith earlier and longer flowering thanKaspa and higher yield in shorter seasonenvironments and dryer seasons thanKaspa.It is early to mid flowering and earlymaturing, making it more suitable to thepractice of crop topping than Kaspa.It is well suited to delayed sowing fordisease management in response to a lateseason break.Its disease resistance profile is similarto Kaspa and therefore not well suited tobacterial blight prone environments.Despite being susceptible to powderymildew it is likely that PBA Gunyah willincur less yield loss from this disease thanKaspa due to its earlier maturity.Widespread evaluation over a numberof years shows that it is higher yieldingthan Kaspa when yield potential is below2.25t/ha.PBA Gunyah has “Kaspa” seed type andis licensed to Seednet.PBA Twilight A is a ‘Kaspa type’ withsimilar attributes to PBA Gunyah.It has a shorter flowering period andis earlier in maturity than PBA Gunyahmaking it well suited to the low rainfalland very short season field pea growingenvironments.Widespread evaluation over a numberof years shows that it is higher yieldingthan Kaspa when yield potential is below1.75t/ha, and higher than PBA Gunyahwhen yield potential is below 1.25t/ha.Its disease resistance profile is similarto Kaspa and therefore not well suited tobacterial blight prone environments.Despite being susceptible to powderymildew it is likely that PBA Twilight willincur less yield loss from this disease thanKaspa due to its earlier maturity.PBA Twilight has “Kaspa” seed type andis licensed to Seednet.Kaspa A is semi-leafless, late flowering,resistant to shattering and has good earlyseason vigour and moderate resistance tolodging.Kaspa is susceptible to powdery mildewand black spot and the “Kaspa strain”of downy mildew. Kaspa seed should betreated with metal-axyl seed dressing,particularly in cropping regions prone todowny mildew.The seed of Kaspa is distinct fromtraditional dun types ie Parafield in thatit is red brown in colour and almostspherical in shape.Kaspa is high yielding in many areas ofsouthern Australia, however it needs tobe considered carefully before use as anoption in low rainfall areas or areas proneto early periods of high temperatureand drought stress due to its late andcondensed flowering characteristic.Kaspa also should be consideredcarefully in areas prone to frequentsevere vegetative frosts due to potentialfor yield loss to bacterial blight.Kaspa is under contract to Seednet.White typesWhite peas cannot be delivered to bulkexport markets with dun peas.Some high quality specialised whitepeas may fit into specific premium valuemarkets for split peas.Higher prices may be achieved ifsupplying specific niche markets, butthese markets may be small.Small seeded white peas are likely toonly suit domestic stock feed markets.Growers are advised to secure marketsbefore deciding to grow these pea types.PBA Pearl A is a semi-leafless white peavariety which is broadly adapted and hashad high yields in evaluation trials in alldistricts.It has good early vigour and an erectgrowth habit, with excellent standabilityat maturity.It is early to mid flowering, andproduces non sugar-type pods but is notprone to shattering (similar to PBA Ouraand Parafield).It has a favourable disease resistanceprofile, with good resistance to downymildew and Bean Leaf Roll virus andreasonable tolerance to bacterial blight.PBA Hayman A is a late flowering andlate maturity conventional pea suitablefor forage production as a potentialalternative to vetch.It is considered a forage only pea,producing small white seed and yielding30-80% of grain varieties depending onseasonal conditions.PBA Hayman has lower seed yield thanMorgan (which is generally considered adual purpose variety) but also has higherbiomass production, predominantlyaccumulated in spring.PBA Hayman also has improvedresistance to powdery mildew overMorgan, and is rated moderately resistantto bacterial blight.Seed is expected to be available fromSeednet for 2013 sowings.Sturt A is a conventional leaf type, smallseeded white pea similar to Parafield inheight, lodging resistance and diseasesusceptibility.Flowering and maturity time of Sturt issimilar but generally slightly earlier thanParafield.It consistently yields higher thanall other varieties in trials affected byreproductive frosts, indicating some levelof tolerance to this stress.Sturt is more sensitive than Kaspa andParafield to label rates of both postsowing pre-emergent and post emergentapplications of metribuzin on alkalinesoils in SA.Sturt is licensed to Premier Seeds.SARDI> sowing the seeds of success!Need advice choosinga crop variety?Advice is available from theSARDI New Variety Agronomy StaffENQUIRIES TO>Blue types (green cotyledons)Some blue pea varieties are for specificpremium value markets which are usuallyonly small.Quality is paramount in these marketsused predominantly for canning andsnack food.Important parameters include damageby insects, bleaching of seed coat andconsistency of seed colour.Two blue field pea varieties, Excell andMaki, are available to growers.Maki is best suited to the north-easternfield pea growing areas of Australia, andlimited testing has been done in southernAustralia.Both varieties are outclassed by thenewer dun and white pea releases in thesouthern region of Australia and theyhave a relatively poor disease resistanceprofile, as shown in Table 2.SARDI acknowledges the dedication andachievements of the former Pulse BreedingAustralia Field Pea breeder, Tony Leonforte.Rob Wheeler on 8303 9480 or visit www.sardi.sa.gov.auAdvice is available from the50 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 51

Sowing Guide 2014Table 2. Yield of selected triticale varieties according to region, expressed as percentage of Tahara’s yield (SARDI and NVT Trials, 2005-2012)Variety Murray Mallee Mid North Yorke Peninsula Lower Eyre Peninsula Upper Eyre Peninsula South EastAbacus - - - - - 95Berkshire 109 111 106 110 106 111Bogong 109 108 112 115 109 114Canobolas 106 109 108 110 105 106Chopper 106 110 105 107 101 103Endeavour - - - 89 - 100Fusion 116 114 113 114 108 114Goanna - - - 101 92 -Hawkeye 110 109 104 110 105 110Jaywick 107 106 102 106 101 109Rufus 100 102 103 101 98 100Tahara 100 100 100 100 100 100Tickit 103 102 101 103 100 104Tobruk - 106 103 101 101 113Tuckerbox - 97 96 97 - 96Yowie 96 102 100 102 96 103Yukuri - - - 93 - 98Tahara’s Yield (t/ha) 2.01 3.11 2.53 2.75 1.89 4.80modest yielding variety, with relativelygood test weight and low screenings.Yowie is a non-PBR variety available fromCooper & Elleway.Tahara and TickitTahara has long been the commontriticale variety for use in cereal rotationsin most districts up to 500 mm averageannual rainfall.However one notable disadvantageof the variety is that lodging can be aproblem under high yielding situations.Tickit was released by the University ofAdelaide triticale breeding program in2002 to replace Tahara offering slightlyshorter plant with stiffer straw and up to4% yield advantage to Tahara.Both Tickit and Tahara offer goodresistance to CCN and root lesionnematode (Pratylenchus neglectus) makingthem a valuable disease break, howeverboth are now moderately susceptible tostripe rust and outclassed by the newergrain varieties for yield.Seed of Tahara and Tickit may bepurchased from commercial growers.TuckerboxTuckerbox is a late-medium season, tall,high tillering variety with reduced awnhead type, which may be grown for forageor grain. Released in 2010, Tuckerboxhas good resistance to all rusts and CCN.Tuckerbox is available from YankalillaSeeds.YukuriYukuri originated from the Universityof New England in 2004, and is a latemediumseason variety with reduced awnhead type, suitable for forage and grainproduction in environments with 450mm+ rainfall.It has very good rust resistance, but issusceptible to CCN. Yukuri is a Non-PBRvariety.Dual Purpose grazing/grainvarietiesDual purpose varieties all have highdry matter production, on a par withforage oats and are considered to providea good alternative as a hay crop, butgenerally require early sowing or a longergrowing season to achieve good grainproduction.Jackie and Breakwell, released by theUniversity of Sydney in 2001 and 2005respectively, are CCN resistant withreduced awns and have proven suitablefor quality hay production in the MidNorth of SA. They are now highlysusceptible to stripe rust and therefore nolonger recommended.Other dual purpose varieties includeCrackerjack in 2004 by Heritage Seeds,Endeavour and Tobruk in 2007 by theUniversity of Sydney.Endeavour has reduced awns andTobruk is fully awned, with both beinglong season varieties targeted to thehigher rainfall regions and offeringpotential for hay production.Endeavour has good rust resistance,while Tobruk is now moderatelysusceptible to stripe rust.Tobruk has performed at its best in thehigher rainfall regions of SA, but overallappears to have a fit in SA offering agenuine dual purpose and longer seasongrain only variety.Certified seed for these two varieties canbe obtained from Waratah Seed Co. Ltd.Crackerjack is another fully awnedwinter type triticale used for forageproduction in long season high rainfallenvironments and is marketed byHeritage Seeds.SARDICelebrating 21 years of achievementThe growth of South Australia’s primary production and foodindustry is underpinned by high-quality applied researchand development delivered by SARDI, the research institutein PIRSA. SARDI’s innovations include new products, newtechnologies, new farm practices and new ways of using andprotecting our natural resources.SARDI’s contribution is evident at every step of the food chain- from creating new cereal varieties and developing resilientfarming systems to ensuring the health of our wild fisheries andunderpinning the safety of our food. In fact, whether it is bread,wine or fish, chances are that at some time over the past21 years SARDI has played a part in its development.SARDI plays a very important role in PIRSA’s combined effortsto safeguard South Australian excellence in primary productionand its renown as a producer of Premium Food and Wine fromour Clean Environment.www.sardi.sa.gov.au54 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014

Sowing Guide 2014Sowing Guide 2014Faba bean variety sowing guide 2014By Charlton Jeisman, Andrew Ware andRohan Kimber, SARDI; Jeff Paull, Universityof Adelaide and Wayne Hawthorne, PulseAustraliaFor the major bean productionregions in SA, the choice of fababean variety continues to bebetween Nura and Farah. A new variety,tested as AF05069-2, is a broadly adaptedvariety for most faba bean producingareas, and will likely be released insouthern Australia in 2015.PBA Rana was released in 2011 anddeveloped by the University of Adelaide’sPBA faba bean breeding program. Itis finding its niche in farming systems,particularly in the medium to highrainfall regions. Growers of PBA Ranahave been impressed with its diseaseresistance as it generally requires oneless fungicide spray compared with othervarieties.PBA Rana represents a different graincategory for faba bean production andmarketing in Australia. As its seed islarger than current faba bean varieties, itis considered to be of high quality by themajor Egyptian market.Future releases from the PBA beanbreeding program will continue to targetmedium sized faba beans, but will alsoaim to release new varieties with largergrain size like PBA Rana, aimed atattracting premium prices.Farah has slightly higher yields thanNura in SA, but Nura has better rustresistance. Both varieties are MR-R toascochyta blight. In some situations Nurawill display better resistance to chocolatespot than Farah; however diseasemanagement strategies for control ofchocolate spot should essentially be thesame for both Nura and Farah.Flowering of Nura occurs around oneweek later than Farah and is thereforegenerally more responsive to earlysowing than other varieties. Nura hasa shorter crop height which can causeharvest difficulties and grain loss in lowrainfall districts and seasons that do notencourage tall crop growth. Both varietiesproduce highly marketable seed.Varieties and marketpreferencesThe human consumptionmarket in the Middle East prefersfaba beans from Australia,although competition for marketshare from France and the UKalso occurs.Australian beans must be of ahigh quality to access the export humanconsumption markets and must be freefrom mechanical damage, weathering,disease staining and storage problems.Faba beans darken over time while instorage and seed can become unsuitablefor the export market after about 9months.Farah, Nura and Fiesta varieties are wellaccepted in the Middle East, and marketsignals indicate that small seeded fababean varieties like Fiord and Ascot are nolonger wanted.Mixing of these smaller seeded varietiesinto the now accepted larger “Fiestagrade” will downgrade the overall qualityof the product.Product that does not meet exportstandards or is surplus to demand isconsumed domestically in stockfeedrations; often at lower prices. Soundbeans are also finding a place in manyintegrated cropping and grazingenterprises as a means of finishing lambson farm. Strong demand by graziers forfeed beans can occur in dry conditions.Varieties and disease managementIn growing regions or seasonalconditions that favour chocolate spotdevelopment, all varieties requirea protective fungicide spray beforecanopy closure when the crop is atTable 1. Faba bean variety sowing guide 2014.Rainfall zone (average annual rainfall)Low Medium High< 375 mm 375-500 mm > 500 mmFarah A Nura A PBA Rana AFiesta * Farah A Nura ANura A Fiesta * Farah A* Fiesta needs a higher level of disease monitoringand protection in most years.Charlton Jeismanthe early flowering stage.If wet conditions continue,additional applications will beneeded for dense canopies asthey will retain moisture andmaintain humidity levels. Thisis particularly important whendisease symptoms are present.Chocolate spot typicallydevelops during spring astemperatures warm; however it can alsoinfect crops in late winter, so faba beansshould be monitored for chocolate spotfrom this time.Rust can be a considerable problem infaba beans, causing significant yield loss.The disease can survive over summeron volunteer bean plants and becomea problem for the following season.Monitoring faba bean crops in the futurewill be important to reduce the impact ofrust on production.Farah and Fiesta VF are susceptible torust, often displaying more pronouncedsymptoms than other varieties. Thechance of rust infection will be higherfor early sown crops, or where beans aresown adjacent to the previous year’s beanstubbles. Where these situations occur,control using suitable fungicides maybe required before flowering. Whereconditions for crop production anddisease development are ideal, fungicideapplications to control rust may benecessary at the same time as chocolatespot is being targeted.Disease resistance levels of Nura andFarah allow growers to be more reactiveto ascochyta blight than in other varietiesand ascochyta disease managementstrategies can be based on monitoringlevels in high risk situations. With Fiesta,growers must maintain ascochyta blightdisease control until after flowering isfinished to ensure seed staining isminimised.Cercospora leaf spot continues tobe widely reported in faba beans. Thedisease is soil borne and typically occursin paddocks with a history of faba beansin the rotation, particularly where theyhave been grown in close rotation (lessthan 4-6 years) or within close proximityTable 2. Agronomic and disease characteristics of faba and broad bean varieties. (National disease ratings assupplied by Pulse Breeding Australia (PBA)).VarietyPlantheightFlowertimeMaturityof these paddocks.Correct identification is essential todistinguish Cercospora from ascochytablight, chocolate spot or herbicidedamage, which can all have similarsymptoms on plants.Early control using carbendazim ortebuconazole at 5-8 weeks post sowingis most effective in preventing diseaseestablishment and consequent yieldloss from Cercospora. All current fababean varieties are susceptible, thus earlypreventative control measures are bestpractice.Pulse Australia released a newSouthern Pulse Bulletin in 2012: Fababean disease management strategy,containing the latest information ondisease management in faba beans. Itis a very useful tool for reference, andAscochytablightFoliage SeedChocolatespotLodgingresistanceCercosporaRustPSbMVseedstainingFaba beanFarah A Medium Early-mid Early-mid MS MR-R MR-R S S S SFiesta VF Medium Early-mid Early-mid MS MR MS S S S SFiord Short Early Early MR MS MS VS S S SManafest Medium Mid Mid MR VS VS MS S MS VSNura A Short Mid Early-mid MR MR-R MR-R S S* MS* VSPBA Rana A Medium Mid Mid MR R R MS S MS-MR* MRBroad beanAquadulce Tall Mid Late MS MS MS MS S MSPBA Tall Mid Late MS MR-R MR-R MS S MS-MR*Kareema AKey: R=resistant, MR-moderately resistant, MS=moderately susceptible, S=susceptible, VS=very susceptible* Note revised status of variety: PBA Rana, PBA Kareema and Nura for rust foliar infection after 2011 incidence;also Nura for chocolate spot susceptibility under early sown and higher disease pressure situationscan be found at: http://www.pulseaus.com.au/pdf/Faba%20bean%20disease%20management%20strategy%20Southern%20region.pdfHarvestLodging of bean crops can become anissue in seasons that promote tall growth.Conversely, crops with short canopies cancause problems with low harvest height,particularly in varieties that producebottom pods close to the ground.In recent years, physical damage ofbean seed has resulted in marketingdowngrades, highlighting the importanceof crop monitoring. Bud worm will needearly monitoring and early control, evenin seasons with below average rainfall.Growers should harvest beans when theyhave a high moisture content (12-14%) toavoid damage and cracking, and handlecarefully when shifting them.Crop topping of faba beans can makethem more vulnerable to seed staining,particularly when rain falls soon afterapplication. Crop topping too early orusing products or rates that cause cropsto dry down quickly can exacerbate theissue. Maturity of current faba beanvarieties is not as well suited to croptopping as the industry would like,particularly in wetter seasons, as cropmaturity might not be even when ryegrassis ready for spraying.Notes on faba bean varietiesCurrent VarietiesPBA Rana A (tested as AF10060/15-1 or974*(611*974)/15-1) has good vigourand stem strength. It has mid to lateflowering (similar to Nura) and midmaturity (later than Nura and Farah).PBA Rana is well adapted to high rainfallareas with long growing seasons. Highestyields have been achieved in the LowerSouth East, Central Hills/ FleurieuPeninsula and the high rainfall sites inthe Lower and Mid-North where longterm yields are equal to or greater thanFiesta VF and Farah. PBA Rana hasgood resistance to ascochyta blight andis moderately susceptible to chocolatespot. It has demonstrated very usefulresistance to rust (MS-MR) comparedwith other commercial varieties. PBARana produces large, plump, lightbrown seed and is suited to meetingEgyptian market requirements for thatgrade. PBA Rana represents a uniquecategory for faba bean marketing. As PBARana is three quarters Manafest in itsbreeding, it should establish itself intoTable 3. Predicted yield of faba bean varieties in SA by region, as a % of FarahVariety LOWER EP UPPER EP YORKE PEN MID NORTH* MALLEE SOUTH EAST*% ofFarahNo.Trials% ofFarahNo.Trials% ofFarahDoza 96 9 - - 94 8 93 24 89 3 97 20Farah A 100 11 100 4 100 15 100 38 100 7 100 36Fiesta VF 102 11 100 4 99 15 101 39 99 7 101 36Fiord 99 10 89 2 96 9 92 33 89 4 91 24Nura A 100 11 97 4 100 15 97 39 97 7 96 36PBA Rana A 94 8 92 2 93 10 95 26 91 5 95 26Farah’s yield (t/ha) 2.34 1.68 3.40 2.56 1.61 2.85Data source: SARDI/GRDC, NVT and PBA - Australian Faba Bean Breeding Program. 2005-2012 MET data analysis by National Statistics Program.* At high rainfall sites within the Mid North and South East regions, PBA Rana produces yields equal to or greater than FarahNo.Trials% ofFarahNo.Trials% ofFarahNo.Trials% ofFarahNo.Trials56 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 57

Sowing Guide 2014Sowing Guide 2014Notesareas where Manafest was grown beforeascochyta blight saw its demise. PBA Ranais licensed to Viterra and an end pointroyalty applies.Nura A is a medium-sized faba beanwith moderate resistance to ascochytablight and moderate susceptibility torust. Nura is susceptible to chocolatespot, especially in situations when sownearly and where disease pressure is high.Nura is susceptible to Cercospora leafspot, similar to Farah and Fiesta VF. Itis generally shorter than Fiesta VF andFarah meaning it is less likely to lodge,however since its bottom pods are closerto the ground, harvest can be moredifficult in lower rainfall districts or whensown late.In most areas Nura’s long-term yieldsare slightly lower than Farah, althoughthis is improved when Nura is sown early.It has good seed appearance, light buffin colour, with minimal seed staining anddiscolouration. Flowering time of Nura isgenerally around 7 days later than Farah,although has similar maturity.Protection from ascochyta blightand rust is only required in high risksituations which is a major advantage forgrowers, as it means a likely reductionin fungicide sprays. Nura is moresensitive to high rates of imazethapyr(eg Spinnaker®) than Farah but is moretolerant of simazine and metribuzin. Seedis available from Seednet and an endpoint royalty applies.Farah A was selected directly from FiestaVF and is identical in many respects,except for its moderate resistance toascochyta blight seed staining andmore uniform seed size and colour.While the risk of crop infection fromascochyta blight seed staining is reducedwith Farah, it remains a risk if it is notmanaged properly.Farah’s yields are slightly higher thanFiesta VF and Nura in most areas ofsouthern Australia. The major advantageTable 4. Predicted yield of broad bean varieties inSA by region, as a % of Fiesta VFVariety LOWER SOUTH EAST% ofFiesta VFof Farah over Fiesta VF is the increasedlikelihood of achieving market standardsfor freedom from seed staining and alikely reduction in fungicide spraysrequired for controlling ascochyta blight.Farah is licensed to Heritage Seeds(formerly Seedmark) and an end pointroyalty applies.Fiesta VF has buff coloured seed andis larger than Fiord. Fiesta VF has goodseedling vigour, is of medium height andis early to mid flowering.It is classed as susceptible to chocolatespot, although is less susceptible thanFiord.Fiesta VF is more susceptible toascochyta blight than Farah and Nura soa proactive disease management strategyis recommended to achieve clean seedand ensure market standards are met.Fiesta VF is no longer protected by PBR,and no end point royalty applies.Potential variety releaseNo.TrialsAquadulce 107 6Fiesta VF 100 19PBA Kareema A 102 4Fiesta VF’s yield 2.95(t/ha)Data source: SARDI/GRDC, NVT and PBA - AustralianFaba Bean Breeding Program. 2004-2010 MET dataanalysis by National Statistics Program.AF05069-2 has good yield, wideadaptation and very good ascochytaresistance. It has other disease resistancesequal to or better than current varieties.Seed size and colour are expected tobe similar to Fiesta and Farah, with apotential release in 2015 likely.Broad bean varietiesPBA Kareema A was selected fromAquadulce with similar plant typeand adaptation to this variety but withlarger and more uniform seed, and no“evergreens”. It is well adapted to the veryhigh rainfall, broad bean districts in theLower South-East of SA.It has significantly improved resistanceto ascochyta blight (MR-R) and betterrust resistance (MS-MR) than Aquadulceand is slightly less susceptible tochocolate spot than other faba beanvarieties.Like Aquadulce, PBA Kareema ismore tolerant of waterlogging thanmost varieties of faba bean, and ismore tolerant of iron and manganesedeficiencies.Trials in the South-East of SA haveshown PBA Kareema yields to be similarto, or slightly less than, Aquadulce. PBAKareema is licensed to PGG Wrightsonand an end point royalty applies.Aquadulce is a tall broad bean variety,with late flowering and maturity, suited toareas with at least 500 mm average annualrainfall, such as the Lower South-East ofSA. It is rated MS for chocolate spot, butcan succumb under high disease pressureand rainfall situations.Aquadulce is more tolerant ofwaterlogging than most faba beanvarieties and tolerates soils with iron andmanganese deficiencies.The large seed size of Aquadulce meansit must be considered a specialty bean asit has different marketing opportunitiesto faba beans.It commands a price premium over fababeans, depending on grading and seedsize.For further information: VarietyManagement Packages (VMP) forall varieties except Aquadulce, areavailable on the Pulse Australia website:www.pulseaus.com.au/Search_Result_Publication.aspx58 > SARDI Sowing Guide 2014 2014 SARDI Sowing Guide < 59

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