SECTION 3.0 - Durham County Council

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2.1.2 European Context • European Biodiversity Strategy The above Convention is strongly reinforced by the EU Pan-European Biological and Landscape Diversity Strategy (1994) and European Community Biodiversity Strategy (1998). Moreover, the EU Sustainable Development Strategy (2001) set a landmark target: “…to protect and restore habitats and natural systems and halt the loss of biodiversity by 2010…” This target was subsequently adopted by the Commission on Biological Diversity in 2001 and over 170 world leaders at the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg in 2002; in recognition of the critical role of biodiversity in addressing environmental degradation and global poverty. The 2010 Biodiversity Target is now also fully integrated into the UN Millennium Development Goals. The EU 2006 Biodiversity Communication and associated Action Plan set out a detailed agenda to halt the loss of biodiversity by 2010. The ten priority objectives address, inter alia: habitats and species; actions in the wider countryside; reducing impacts of invasive alien species; reducing the Comment: 1 negative impacts of international trade ; adaptation to climate change; Links to and strengthening the knowledge base for biodiversity. Better planning sustainable procurement within the Member States is underlined with the aim to reconcile spatial and planning and built development with biodiversity. Moreover, the need to sustainable take biodiversity into account ‘further upstream’ in the decision-making construction process is emphasized. Key actions include: effective treatment of biodiversity in Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA); ensuring development does not damage biodiversity and building partnerships between planners, developers and biodiversity interests (Commission of the EC, 2006). An emphasis on adequate financing for biodiversity projects along with promoting public-participation, awareness raising and education is contained within the objectives. Aims to safeguard the most important habitats and species are furthered through the implementation of the Birds 2 and Habitats 3 Directives outlined below. • The Bern Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, United Nations, (1979). The Bern Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Habitats was agreed by 45 European and African States as well as the European Community. It’s objectives are threefold: (a) to conserve wild flora and fauna and their natural habitats; (b) to promote co-operation between states; and (c) to give particular 1 Regarding trade, measures to address tropical deforestation are particularly urgent (EC, 2006). Sustainable procurement and construction principles should be promoted and encouraged to address the detrimental impacts caused by construction to biodiversity in the global sense. 2 Directive 79/409/EC, OJ L 103, 25.4 1979, p.1 3 Directive 92/43/EEC, OJ L 206, 206, 22.7.1992 Page 9 4/15/2009
emphasis to endangered and vulnerable species, including endangered and vulnerable migratory species. • The Bonn Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, United Nations, (1979). This convention aims to conserve terrestrial, marine and avian migratory species throughout their range. As such, it is concerned with the conservation of wildlife an d wildlife habitats on a global scale. Parties should endeavor to provide immediate protection for specified migratory species and conclude Agreements covering the conservation and management of specified migratory species. • Birds Directive (1979) The European Birds Directive (1979) offers protection to all wild bird species naturally occurring in the EU (including migratory species). The emphasis is on the protection of habitats for endangered and migratory species which are listed in Annex I of the directive. The role of a coherent network of Special Protection Areas (SPA – see below) in achieving this goal is also emphasised. The Directive bans all activities that directly threaten birds, e.g. the deliberate killing or capturing of birds, the destruction of nests or taking of eggs. Scientific research into migratory birds is also promoted under this Directive. • European Commission Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora, European Union, (1992). The Habitats Directive (1992) sets out a strict system of protection for over 1000 animals and plant species and over 200 habitat types of European importance. It recognises the importance of ecological coherence within the Natura 2000 network (see below) as well as habitat quality being essential for sustaining biodiversity. Ecological connectivity between habitats is of particular relevance when considering the impacts of climate change. As such the directive promotes the designation of green corridors, flyways, buffer zones, stepping stones and other landscape features that connect important habitats for wild flora and fauna. The Habitats Directive aims to contribute towards protecting the most important natural habitats and species of wild flora and fauna in the European Union and complements the EU Wild Birds Directive. The Directive has a number of key elements it provides for the creation of a network of Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) to protect flora and fauna; identifies a range of European protected species; creates the Natura 2000 site network comprising SACs designated under the EU Habitats Directive to protect flora and fauna and SPAs designated under the EU Wild Birds Directive to protect avian species; requires that all plans, projects and programmes need to be ‘screened’ to determine whether they are likely to affect the integrity of a Natura 2000 site. If it is decided that this might be the case an Appropriate Assessment is required. The Directive is transposed into the UK by the Conservation (Natural Habitats etc) Regulations 1994. Planning Page 10 4/15/2009
Page 1 and 2: County Durham Core Evidence Base Te
Page 3 and 4: SECTION 1.0 1. Introduction 1.1 The
Page 5 and 6: 1.6 Executive Summary of emerging i
Page 7: SECTION 2.0 - POLICY CONTEXT 2.1 In
Page 11 and 12: • SEA / SA / AA Strategic Environ
Page 13 and 14: iodiversity which are to be monitor
Page 15 and 16: • To identify the main geological
Page 17 and 18: iodiversity were aspects of the Rur
Page 19 and 20: It also states that local authoriti
Page 21 and 22: 2.3 Regional Policy Context • A B
Page 23 and 24: • North East Strategy for the Env
Page 25 and 26: 2.4 County (Sub-Regional) Policy Co
Page 27 and 28: guiding new mineral development, ex
Page 29 and 30: SECTION 3.0 - Current Situation 3.1
Page 31 and 32: number of Local Wildlife Sites. The
Page 33 and 34: Page 34 4/15/2009
Page 35 and 36: Biosphere Reserve Biosphere reserve
Page 37 and 38: Conditions of SSSIs in County Durha
Page 39 and 40: OTHER CONSERVATION AREAS AND HABITA
Page 41 and 42: Wildlife corridors/Networks of Natu
Page 43 and 44: Page 44 4/15/2009
Page 45 and 46: They predominate in clay soils, whe
Page 47 and 48: Project 13 , has tried to fill this
Page 49 and 50: Assessment. Comments were received
Page 51 and 52: Page 52 4/15/2009
Page 53 and 54: Initially funded for two years by N
Page 55 and 56: Most areas of ancient woodland in t
Page 57 and 58: • Woodland Strategy The first Reg
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achieved, and this will have improv
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3.2 EVIDENCE BASE SUMMARY - Gaps an
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SECTION 4.0 - GOLDEN THREADS 4.1 Su
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• Loss of important habitats part
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SECTION 5.0 - CONCLUSIONS & RECOMME
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APPENDIX A DESIGNATIONS BY CHARACTE
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North Pennines AONB Haswell Wood, S
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Killhope Wheel Leadmining Centre Gr
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Tees Lowlands SSSI Ambling Gate Ban
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West Durham Coalfield AONB Willingt
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Bedburn Beck and Adder Wood Crakehi
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form of H12 Calluna vulgaris - Vacc
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peat displays the full range of fea
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North Pennine Moors 103,109.42 (cov
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Special Protection Area: Name Area
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APPENDIX C: SITES OF SPECIAL SCIENT
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UNFAVOURABLE inappropriate wetland
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Fairy Holes Cave 213.39019563043900
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grazing and juniper wood to limesto
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APPENDIX F: LOCAL WILDLIFE SITES (L
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Derwentside Broomhill Dene 1.32 Sep
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Chester-lestreetChester-le- Waldrid
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Wear Valley Flylands' River Gaunles
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Durham Finchale Priory Woods 4.5 Ja
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Durham The Scrambles 4.42 1995 Mead
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Easington Slingley Pond 5.29 June 1
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Teesdale Railway, Bluestone Grange
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Teesdale Cragg Wood, Evenwood 6.43
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Sedgefield Eden Grange Pond Mainsfo
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13 Gaunless River, East Bank Wear V
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59 Teesdale Cave (Moking Hurth Cave
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APPENDIX H: Summary of protection a
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APPENDIX I: HABITATS AND COUNTY SPE
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Dark green fritillary Dingy skipper
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Biodiversity and the Built Environm
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SECTION 3.0 - Durham County Council

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