A TrainerÕs Manual for Community Managed Water Supplies in Kenya

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Module A: SustainabilitySession A1: Concept of SustainabilityMODULE ASESSION A1IntroductionObjectivesOutputsTimingTarget GroupAppropriate VenueMethodologyMaterialsSession GuideNotes to FacilitatorSUSTAINABILITYTHE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITYSustainability of community managed water projects is a desirable state butdifficult to achieve. This module aims to get participants thinking about what asustainable water project really means and how this relates to problems thattypically plague water projects.To identify what is needed to make a water project sustainable and relate this totheir water project.Participants are clear on the meaning of sustainability40 minutesCommunity members, WUA/CBOs leaders, operators, artisansA place where participants can clearly hear and participate in the discussions andwhere distractions are minimised.Group discussionsPens, flip chart paper, illustrations from Tool 1 (attachments)Various points regarding sustainability of water projects are listed below.Sustainability Sustainability QualifiersFactorPolicy context Policy does not dictate management arrangements Capacity is sufficient to implement relevant policies Donor practices promote local procurement and/orproduction Government attitudes and practices do not hinderindigenous private sector participationManagement andinstitutional Institutional support for community management isbudgeted and provided forarrangements Private sector alternatives to communitymanagement are investigated and promoted Government capacity is sufficient to fulfil regulatoryand monitoring rolesFinancial issues External support is minimized and implementationstrategies include self supply Sustainable subsidies are developed to serve thepoorest and most vulnerable Transparency and accountability measures are inplace for financial management bodies (Governmentand non-governmental) Realistic cost-recovery targets are clearly definedand water tariffs set accordingly Sustainable community financing strategies aredevelopedCommunity and Communities are presented with a range ofsocial aspects management models to choose fromDemand is stimulated based on a wide range ofcommunity needs (i.e. not just health) Community cohesion is not assumed andheterogeneity is recognised as appropriateA-2
Module A: SustainabilitySession A1: Concept of Sustainability Differing levels of poverty are recognized andtargeted subsidies developed where neededTechnology Appropriate technology choice is promoted,especially that which is closest to the user Flexibility in technology options is available andcommunities have a real choice There is limited or no importation of specialistequipment Private sector capacity is developed for drilling anddevelopmentEnvironment Groundwater monitoring systems are in place forwater quality and quantity Government regulation and monitoring of privatesector operators and water resources occursSupply chains Supply chains for spare parts are linked withmanufacturing, technical services and/or pump sales Indigenous private sector development is promotedwith realistic incentives Non-profit sector support is utilised where no otheroptions are commercially viableStep 1: Guideddiscussion using casestudiesDifferent case studies are presented to stimulate a discussion on sustainability.Facilitator should use one or more of these case studies and present either as casestudies or adapted as role plays and used for group discussions.Facilitator should present the case study and follow up with questions anddiscussionsScenario A - Hand pumpA hand dug well is constructed and fitted with a new hand pump which enablesjerry cans to be filled more quickly thereby reducing queuing times. As the wellis also closer to the village, women are spending 1-2 hours less per day fetchingwater.Because no attendant is assigned responsibility of looking after the water point:hygiene around well deteriorates; stagnant water provides a breeding ground forflies and some children get sick. Also children play with the pump, damagingthe handle.Preventative maintenance checks (e.g. greasing of chain, tightening of bolts) arenot carried out on the pump and it soon breaks down. The village opens up themanhole cover on the well and returns to using rope and bucket system. Waterquality deteriorates further and drawing of water becomes less efficient.Queuing time for water collection increases and people complain that the wateris dirty again and more children are getting sick. In response to the broken pumpthe administrator assigns one person as an attendant, however the damage hasalready been done – the pump is no longer working.No one within the village knows how to repair the pump. Two men were trainedA-3
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SAMPLE CONSTITUTIONModule B: WUA Go
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Attachment 2: GENERIC OUTLINE OF CO
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLYModule C: Lega
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10. New accounts: The following are
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__________________ WATER PROJECTSCH
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Module D: Human Resource Management
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Attachment 1: SAMPLE ORGANISATIONAL
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Attachment 3: Outline of Contract o
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payment vouchers, outgoing cheques
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Bank Reconciliation StatementModule
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Module F: Water Management OptionsS
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Module H: Operation and Maintenance
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c. Nalgonda technique;d. Bone char.
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TYPICAL RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM
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3 Start butloses Power4 ExcessiveFu
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Resource MaterialsRESOURCE MATERIAL
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Resource MaterialsMoojiman, A.; Sne
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Resource MaterialsWood S, Sawyer R,
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A TrainerÕs Manual for Community Managed Water Supplies in Kenya

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