Arab Knowledge Report 2009

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Partnership with the private sectorThe reality of Arab research centresThe capacity of research centres for innovationThe performance of Arab researchersScience research funding in the Arab worldThe outputs of Arab scientific researchGlobal engagementSocial science policies and artistic innovationSocial science researchThe Arabic language and innovationLiterary and artistic innovationThe innovation gap and its indicators in the current state of Arab knowledgeThe innovation gapFlight of human capitalThe social and economic impact of innovationThe dissemination of knowledge and innovationBoosting Arab research and innovation performanceCHAPTER 6BUILDING THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY IN THE ARAB WORLD: A VISION AND A PLANIntroductionThe Arab knowledge gap: deficits and holesThe knowledge gap can be overcomeA proposed vision for building the knowledge societyPrinciples and foundations for movement towards the construction of the knowledge societyin the Arab worldBroadening the scope of freedomPositive interaction with the growing needs of societyOpenness and intercommunicationProposed axes of action for the creation of the knowledge societyThe first axis: the creation of enabling environmentsThe second axis: the transfer and indigenisation of knowledgeThe third axis: deployment of knowledgeAxes and bases: intersection and interactionAspects of action towards building the components of the knowledge societyAction in the area of the enabling environmentAction in the field of transfer and indigenisation of the knowledge societyAction to deploy knowledgeTowards a new mechanism to measure Arab knowledgeThe Arab knowledge indexConclusionREFERENCESANNEX 1. LIST OF BACKGROUND PAPERS (AUTHOR NAME; PAPER TITLE)ANNEX 2. PROJECT FOR A DATABASE ON KNOWLEDGE IN THE ARAB REGIONANNEX 3. MEASUREMENT OF THE ARAB COUNTRIES’ KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY(BASED ON THE METHODOLOGY OF THE WORLD BANK)186186189190192196199201202203204206206207209211212219219219223225225225226227227228228229229230230232235237237238241251253257IX
LIST OF BOXESBox 1 The Effect of the Financial Crisis on Development FundingBox 1-1 The Concept of KnowledgeBox 1-2 “Knowledge” in al-Tahanawi’s “The Terminology of the Arts”Box 1-3 A Linguistic Perspective on “Knowledge”Box 1-4 The Power of KnowledgeBox 1-5 Building the Information Society: a global challenge in the new millenniumBox 1-6 Knowledge in an Age of GlobalisationBox 1-7 Cultural and Linguistic Diversity and Local Cultural IdentitiesBox 1-8 Women’s Freedom is a Key to Many DoorsBox 1-9 The Virtual as Interrogation of the ActualBox 1-10 The Genome, a New Triumph for KnowledgeBox 2-1 The Contradictory Nature of Economic Freedom IndicatorsBox 2-2 Towards Productive Intercommunication for Knowledge: Translation in the Age of al-Ma’munBox 2-3 The Legal Framework for the European UnionBox 3-1 The Aims of Education for AllBox 3-2 Oman’s New Plan for EducationBox 3-3 The Growing Numbers of Universities in the Arab RegionBox 3-4 The knowledge students should acquire: the contemporary French approachBox 3-5 Expansion in General and Technical Secondary Education in Bahrain andits Impact on Female EnrolmentBox 3-6 More PhDs Needed as University TeachersBox 3-7 The Educational Level of Saudi ArabiansBox 3-8 The Contribution of Non-Public Schools to Education in the Arab RegionBox 3-9 Human Capital Formation to Meet the Needs of Instruction and PedagogyBox 3-10 The Lebanese Association for Educational Studies: a model for national and pan-Arabnetworking for the development of educational knowledgeBox 4-1 Open Source Software and Educational ContentBox 4-2 Evaluating the Performance of Projects to Network Educational InstitutionsBox 4-3 ICT and Local Development: Examples from Arab countriesBox 4-4 ICT Incubators and Arabic Digital ContentBox 4-5 Arabic Language Processing Systems: machine translation, grammar checking, and searchingBox 4-6 Digital Content in Entertainment and the MediaBox 4-7 Preserving Tradition through DigitalisationBox 5-1 Official Arab Initiatives for Invigorating Research and DevelopmentBox 5-2 A Policy for Science, Technology, and Innovation in LebanonBox 5-3 Expenditure on Research and DevelopmentBox 5-4 Pioneering Arab Innovators in Genetic ScienceBox 5-5 The Ten Commandments for Researchers in Low-income StatesBox 5-6 Jordan’s “A Professor in Every Factory”Box 5-7 The European Growth StrategyBox 5-8 ICARDABox 5-9 Arab Innovators in Architecture and MusicBox 5-10 Knowledge Transfer via Migrant ScientistsBox 5-11 Corporate Funding of Research and DevelopmentBox 6-1 Rationalist Critique and Historical VisionBox 6-2 The Legitimacy of AmbitionBox 6-3 The Indigenisation of ScienceBox 6-4 Scientific Progress and Social Progress1928293034404445485053728588101106108112113114118127128130160161164165168169170184185187191191194195196205208209224227234236X
Page 1 and 2: United Nations Development Programm
Page 4 and 5: Foreword by the Chairman of the Boa
Page 6 and 7: Foreword by the Regional Director,U
Page 8 and 9: Report Team(Alphabetically)Advisory
Page 10 and 11: The knowledge society and the legit
Page 14 and 15: LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1 Decline in
Page 16 and 17: Table 5-12 Trade in technological p
Page 18 and 19: PREAMBLEIntroductionThe Arab Knowle
Page 20: knowledge and from the consequences
Page 23 and 24: Arabic istechnologicallypoor in com
Page 25 and 26: Intercommunicationwith the self mea
Page 27 and 28: Table 2CountryGroupGroup 1: Oilecon
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2504540353025201510508070605
Page 31 and 32: In the period2003-2007, morethan 83
Page 33 and 34: Extremism negatesthe Other, haltsth
Page 35 and 36: The reformisttendency callsfor grad
Page 37 and 38: The current crisismay help to resto
Page 39 and 40: On the ICT axis, theArab states hav
Page 41 and 42: End Notes* Arberry, Arthur J. The K
Page 44 and 45: CHAPTER ONETHE THEORETICAL FRAMEWOR
Page 46 and 47: BOX 1-2“Knowledge” in al-Tahana
Page 48 and 49: phrases that do not display theoret
Page 50 and 51: enabling institutional and legal en
Page 52 and 53: the individual and collective ident
Page 54 and 55: services of seasoned experts and sc
Page 56 and 57: pay too little attention to the qua
Page 58 and 59: egion, greatest among them that the
Page 60 and 61: the values of democratic politicalr
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that occupy the lowest rung of the
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the Middle Ages, as if all that has
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of various ethnic, religious, and o
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infrastructure, effort, energy, and
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value to the lexicon of ethics, but
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limit knowledge exclusively to the
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CHAPTER TWOARAB KNOWLEDGE PERFORMAN
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Freedom is the basisof development.
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FIGURE 2-1Press freedom in the Arab
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Stringent legislativeand institutio
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Arab creativeproduction,especially
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The Arab countriesmost preparedto p
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TABLE 2-1Arab Countries that realis
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BOX 2-1The Contradictory Nature of
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External pressure,restrictions impo
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The Arab poorsuffer from socialmarg
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Arab countries havebeen absent from
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TABLE 2-3Rights and responsibilitie
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The current state ofknowledge-enabl
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To build andimplementan enablingenv
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Oman’s WorldStudies Instituteaims
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BOX 2-3The communications market in
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The desiredArab index willtranscend
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End Notes1The index divides the Ara
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CHAPTER THREEEDUCATION AND THE FORM
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In the last quarterof a century, Ar
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Knowledge is morethan the informati
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Although thelaws in most Arabcountr
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FIGURE 3-2: 19Basic knowledge capit
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Arab educationalcurricula in genera
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While Arab countriesvary greatly in
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FIGURE 3-390Advanced knowledge capi
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BOX 3-4The Commission for the Delib
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BOX 3-6Higher education in the Arab
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The available dataon the fields ofe
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Literacy ratesamong adults havenot
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Eight Arab countrieshave a critical
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Most Arab countrieshave been unable
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Statistical analysesshow a definite
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FIGURE 3-7Science performance of ei
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BOX 3-9Human Capital Formation to M
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BOX 3-10The Lebanese Association fo
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Clearly, the “lightsof knowledge
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End Notes1“Adult” is defined he
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40Accurate statistics are not avail
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level or the equivalent, post-secon
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CHAPTER FOURINFORMATION AND COMMUNI
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Over the last tenyears the Arabcoun
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FIGURE 4-3Internet users - Arab wor
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FIGURE 4-5Price basket for internet
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The growth ratein Arabic-speakingin
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During the comingdecade thetechnolo
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Strategic decisionstaken in many Ar
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In general, the Arabcountries are c
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FIGURE 4-8Availability of e-governm
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Some Arab stateshave taken initiati
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In contradiction tothe call to rest
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The experiences ofboth developingan
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FIGURE 4-10Paper consumption worldw
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A system formachine parsingArabic s
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BOX 4-7Egypt’s Centre for Documen
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More research shouldbe directed tow
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The possession ofinformation andcom
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End Notes1According to the majority
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Technology research and development
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CHAPTER FIVEARAB PERFORMANCE INRESE
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FIGURE 5-3Per capita GDP and the in
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the import and consumption of ready
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FIGURE 5-4Arab-international cooper
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are characterised by flexibility to
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esearchers prefer to remain in univ
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Arab countries can be ranked in ter
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FIGURE 5-5Arab participation in the
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Institute in the USA. By analysing
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5-6). A tabulation of all the Arab
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partnerships with foreign scientifi
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and anthropology have decreased (Ha
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Arabic). Aversion to reading is con
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to attract a number of invested par
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and security conditions offered by
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driven economies that are in the fi
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• Real and deep-rooted developmen
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of $1.57 billion due to human capit
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CHAPTER SIXBUILDING THE KNOWLEDGESO
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This can only come about through th
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proposals intended to give impetus
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knowledge society must be considere
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the Arab individual’s options to
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and the distribution of the benefit
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FIGURE 6-2Priorities for action to
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priorities in the area of movement
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ACTION TO DEPLOYKNOWLEDGEAction on
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knowledge technologies and their me
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REFERENCES
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Maghrib (Women and Politics: politi
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http://www.moe.gov.ps/intifada/repo
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Washington, D.C. www.heritage.org/i
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The World Bank. 2002. “Constructi
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ANNEX 1. LIST OF BACKGROUNDPAPERS (
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ANNEX 2. PROJECT FOR ADATABASE ON K
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include search engines, hyperlinks
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is arrived at by specifying the cou
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the knowledge economy. On this basi
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FIGURE A-3Index values for the pill
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TABLE A-4Availability of knowledge
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even contradictory. For example, da
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STATISTICAL ANNEX
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Table 2: Human Development IndicesC
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Table 4: World Bank Knowledge Econo
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Table 6: Worldwide governance indic
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Table 8: World Bank Economic Incent
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Table 10: Gross enrolment ratio in
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Table 12: World Bank Education and
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Table 14: Regional literacy rates a
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Table 17: Gross enrolment ratios in
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Table 19: Time devoted to education
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Table 21: Time devoted to secondary
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Table 23: Enrolment in tertiary edu
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Table 25: Number of specialists in
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Table 27: School life expectancy in
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Table 29: Government expenditure on
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Table 31: Number of students from s
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Table 33: World Bank Innovation Sys
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Table 35: World Bank indicators for
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(b) The growth of fixed and mobile
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for example, technological under-pr
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Table c-2: Classification of the Ar
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End Notes1For example a news report
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