Arab Knowledge Report 2009

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Table 5-12 Trade in technological productsTable A-1 Indicators of the knowledge economy index for the Arab countriesTable A-2 Knowledge Economy Index for the Arab countries compared to other countriesTable A-3 Economic performance and KEI indicators for the Arab countries compared withthe world’s geographic regionsTable A-4 Availability of knowledge indicators for the Arab countries included by the World BankSTATISTICAL ANNEXLIST OF FIGURESFigure b-1 Growth in average total number of telephone lines (fixed and mobile)per thousand people plotted against per capita income for the world’s states,some Arab states, and selected groups of statesFigure b-2 Growth in average number of fixed telephone lines per thousand peopleplotted against per capita income for the world’s states, some Arab states,and selected groups of statesFigure b-3 Growth in average number of mobile phone lines per thousand of populationplotted against per capita income for the world’s states, some Arab states,and selected groups of statesLIST OF TABLESTable 1 Total population, population growth, and proportion of children in the Arab regionTable 2 Human Development IndicesTable 3 Economic IndicatorsTable 4 World Bank Knowledge Economy Index (most recent compared to 1995)Table 5 Relationship of Arab market competitiveness with knowledge production 2008Table 6 Worldwide governance indicators in the Arab region and comparison countries 2007Table 7 Press Freedom Index in the Arab region 2008Table 8 World Bank Economic Incentive and Institutional Regime Index(most recent compared to 1995)Table 9 Adult literacy rates by gender in the Arab states 1980 and 2005Table 10 Gross enrolment ratio in secondary education in the Arab states by gender, 1980 and 2006Table 11 Gross enrolment ratios in tertiary education in the Arab states by gender, 1980 and 2005Table 12 World Bank Education and Human Resources Index (KAM)(most recent compared to 1995)Table 13 Adult illiterate population and children (of primary school age) out of school inthe Arab countries by gender 2007 (or closest two years)Table 14 Regional literacy rates and gross enrolment in primary and the upper stage ofbasic education 2007 (or the closest two years) in the Arab region andthe other regions of the worldTable 15 Ratios of gross enrolment in upper secondary and tertiary education andaverage school life expectancy in the Arab countries and the other regionsof the world 2006 (or the closest two years)Table 16 Net and gross enrolment in primary education and proportion of over-age pupilsfor this stage 2006Table 17 Gross enrolment ratios in upper stage of basic education by gender, average schoollife expectancy, and number of years of compulsory education around the year 2005Table 18 Lessons in basic education devoted to each subject as a proportion of all lessons (per cent)Table 19Table 20Time devoted to education in the two stages of basic education in the Arab statesLiteracy rates among young people (15-24 years of age) and gross enrolment inupper secondary education by gender 2005210257258260264271306307307271272273274275276277278279280281282283284284285286287288289XIII
Table 21 Time devoted to secondary education in the Arab statesTable 22 Evolution of enrolment rates in vocational and technical secondary education in theArab states from 1970 till 2005 (per cent)Table 23 Enrolment in tertiary education by level of study around 2005 (per cent)Table 24 Student enrolment rates in tertiary education by field of specialisation 2005 (per cent)Table 25 Number of specialists in the health fields in the Arab states 2005 (per thousand people)Table 26 Distribution of graduates of tertiary education by field of specialisation around 2005Table 27 School life expectancy in the Arab states from 1970 to 1990 (in years)Table 28 Estimated educational level of people aged 25-50 in the Arab states 2005Table 29 Government expenditure on education in the Arab countries in the five years 2002-2006Table 30 Enrolment rates in non-government schools at pre-university educational stages in the Arabcountries 2005 (per cent)Table 31 Number of students from some Arab countries in the US before and after the events ofSeptember 2001Table 32 Number of patents granted in the US in 2007 and spending on research and developmentTable 33 World Bank Innovation System Index (most recent compared to 1995)Table 34 Indicators on research and development activity and innovation in the Arab countriesand other country groupsTable 35 World Bank indicators for the Innovation System IndexTable a-1 World Bank ICT Index (most recent compared with 1995)Table c-1 Classification of the Arab countries according to some indicators of ICT infrastructure.Table c-2 Classification of the Arab countries according to internet use, access cost, and bandwidthTable c-3 Ranking of some Arab countries according to networked readiness index (2008/2009)Table c-4 Ranking of a group of Arab countries according to some criteria related to ICT policyfor 2008/2009Table c-5 The Global Competitiveness Index and rank for some Arab states with respect to selectedpillars, 2008/2009290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305309310310311311XIV
Page 1 and 2: United Nations Development Programm
Page 4 and 5: Foreword by the Chairman of the Boa
Page 6 and 7: Foreword by the Regional Director,U
Page 8 and 9: Report Team(Alphabetically)Advisory
Page 10 and 11: The knowledge society and the legit
Page 12 and 13: Partnership with the private sector
Page 14 and 15: LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1 Decline in
Page 18 and 19: PREAMBLEIntroductionThe Arab Knowle
Page 20: knowledge and from the consequences
Page 23 and 24: Arabic istechnologicallypoor in com
Page 25 and 26: Intercommunicationwith the self mea
Page 27 and 28: Table 2CountryGroupGroup 1: Oilecon
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2504540353025201510508070605
Page 31 and 32: In the period2003-2007, morethan 83
Page 33 and 34: Extremism negatesthe Other, haltsth
Page 35 and 36: The reformisttendency callsfor grad
Page 37 and 38: The current crisismay help to resto
Page 39 and 40: On the ICT axis, theArab states hav
Page 41 and 42: End Notes* Arberry, Arthur J. The K
Page 44 and 45: CHAPTER ONETHE THEORETICAL FRAMEWOR
Page 46 and 47: BOX 1-2“Knowledge” in al-Tahana
Page 48 and 49: phrases that do not display theoret
Page 50 and 51: enabling institutional and legal en
Page 52 and 53: the individual and collective ident
Page 54 and 55: services of seasoned experts and sc
Page 56 and 57: pay too little attention to the qua
Page 58 and 59: egion, greatest among them that the
Page 60 and 61: the values of democratic politicalr
Page 62 and 63: that occupy the lowest rung of the
Page 64 and 65: the Middle Ages, as if all that has
Page 66 and 67:
of various ethnic, religious, and o
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infrastructure, effort, energy, and
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value to the lexicon of ethics, but
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limit knowledge exclusively to the
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CHAPTER TWOARAB KNOWLEDGE PERFORMAN
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Freedom is the basisof development.
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FIGURE 2-1Press freedom in the Arab
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Stringent legislativeand institutio
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Arab creativeproduction,especially
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The Arab countriesmost preparedto p
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TABLE 2-1Arab Countries that realis
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BOX 2-1The Contradictory Nature of
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External pressure,restrictions impo
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The Arab poorsuffer from socialmarg
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Arab countries havebeen absent from
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TABLE 2-3Rights and responsibilitie
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The current state ofknowledge-enabl
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To build andimplementan enablingenv
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Oman’s WorldStudies Instituteaims
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BOX 2-3The communications market in
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The desiredArab index willtranscend
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End Notes1The index divides the Ara
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CHAPTER THREEEDUCATION AND THE FORM
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In the last quarterof a century, Ar
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Knowledge is morethan the informati
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Although thelaws in most Arabcountr
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FIGURE 3-2: 19Basic knowledge capit
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Arab educationalcurricula in genera
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While Arab countriesvary greatly in
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FIGURE 3-390Advanced knowledge capi
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BOX 3-4The Commission for the Delib
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BOX 3-6Higher education in the Arab
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The available dataon the fields ofe
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Literacy ratesamong adults havenot
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Eight Arab countrieshave a critical
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Most Arab countrieshave been unable
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Statistical analysesshow a definite
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FIGURE 3-7Science performance of ei
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BOX 3-9Human Capital Formation to M
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BOX 3-10The Lebanese Association fo
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Clearly, the “lightsof knowledge
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End Notes1“Adult” is defined he
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40Accurate statistics are not avail
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level or the equivalent, post-secon
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CHAPTER FOURINFORMATION AND COMMUNI
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Over the last tenyears the Arabcoun
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FIGURE 4-3Internet users - Arab wor
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FIGURE 4-5Price basket for internet
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The growth ratein Arabic-speakingin
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During the comingdecade thetechnolo
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Strategic decisionstaken in many Ar
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In general, the Arabcountries are c
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FIGURE 4-8Availability of e-governm
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Some Arab stateshave taken initiati
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In contradiction tothe call to rest
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The experiences ofboth developingan
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FIGURE 4-10Paper consumption worldw
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A system formachine parsingArabic s
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BOX 4-7Egypt’s Centre for Documen
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More research shouldbe directed tow
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The possession ofinformation andcom
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End Notes1According to the majority
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Technology research and development
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CHAPTER FIVEARAB PERFORMANCE INRESE
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FIGURE 5-3Per capita GDP and the in
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the import and consumption of ready
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FIGURE 5-4Arab-international cooper
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are characterised by flexibility to
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esearchers prefer to remain in univ
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Arab countries can be ranked in ter
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FIGURE 5-5Arab participation in the
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Institute in the USA. By analysing
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5-6). A tabulation of all the Arab
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partnerships with foreign scientifi
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and anthropology have decreased (Ha
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Arabic). Aversion to reading is con
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to attract a number of invested par
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and security conditions offered by
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driven economies that are in the fi
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• Real and deep-rooted developmen
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of $1.57 billion due to human capit
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CHAPTER SIXBUILDING THE KNOWLEDGESO
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This can only come about through th
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proposals intended to give impetus
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knowledge society must be considere
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the Arab individual’s options to
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and the distribution of the benefit
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FIGURE 6-2Priorities for action to
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priorities in the area of movement
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ACTION TO DEPLOYKNOWLEDGEAction on
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knowledge technologies and their me
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REFERENCES
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Maghrib (Women and Politics: politi
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http://www.moe.gov.ps/intifada/repo
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Washington, D.C. www.heritage.org/i
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The World Bank. 2002. “Constructi
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ANNEX 1. LIST OF BACKGROUNDPAPERS (
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ANNEX 2. PROJECT FOR ADATABASE ON K
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include search engines, hyperlinks
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is arrived at by specifying the cou
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the knowledge economy. On this basi
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FIGURE A-3Index values for the pill
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TABLE A-4Availability of knowledge
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even contradictory. For example, da
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STATISTICAL ANNEX
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Table 2: Human Development IndicesC
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Table 4: World Bank Knowledge Econo
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Table 6: Worldwide governance indic
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Table 8: World Bank Economic Incent
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Table 10: Gross enrolment ratio in
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Table 12: World Bank Education and
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Table 14: Regional literacy rates a
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Table 17: Gross enrolment ratios in
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Table 19: Time devoted to education
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Table 21: Time devoted to secondary
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Table 23: Enrolment in tertiary edu
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Table 25: Number of specialists in
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Table 27: School life expectancy in
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Table 29: Government expenditure on
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Table 31: Number of students from s
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Table 33: World Bank Innovation Sys
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Table 35: World Bank indicators for
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(b) The growth of fixed and mobile
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for example, technological under-pr
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Table c-2: Classification of the Ar
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End Notes1For example a news report
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