indian society of plant genetic resources - Bioversity International

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ii seen this vision becoming a reality under the legally binding International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) which came into force in 2004, with its objectives of conservation and sustainable use of PGR for food and agriculture and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefi ts arising out of their use, for sustainable agriculture and food security. Contemporary views on the issue have been lucidly dealt in the fi rst article of the present issue entitled “The Suwon Agro-biodiversity Framework: The Way Forward for Managing Agrobiodiversity for Sustainable Agriculture in the Asia-Pacifi c region” (pp. 1-8) by Dr RS Paroda, who now is the Executive Secretary, Asia-Pacifi c Association of Agricultural Research Institutions (APAARI), Bangkok, Thailand, besides other important portfolios like Chairman, Commission for Farmers’ Right, Haryana. Interestingly, Dr Paroda had contributed an article on “PGR Network in India” in the fi rst issue of IJPGR, in which while giving an overview of PGR activities in India at that time, laid emphasis on capacity building at a national level. In the article in the present volume he has broadened the horizons to include agro-biodiversity management not only at national but also at regional level (Asia-Pacifi c). Issues related to intellectual property rights and ownership of PGR were mentioned briefly by Dr Swaminathan and Dr Paroda in the inaugural volume of IJPGR. With many important national and international developments pertinent to these issues in the past 25 years, it was considered appropriate to dedicate full papers on these aspects. Dr PL Gautam, Chairman, Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Right Authority, New Delhi, and co-authros have provided a lucid overview about development of legal instruments related the enactment of Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Right Act in various countries, including India, as well as other relevant acts applicable to PGR (pp. 9-30). In another paper, Dr RS Rana, Member, National Biodiversity Authority, India has ably provided a detailed account on the issue of access and benefi t sharing in PGR in the article entitled “Accessing PGR and Sharing the Benefi ts : Experiences in India” (pp. 31-51). Global perspectives on in situ conservation were discussed in the inaugural issue of IJPGR by Dr JT Williams, International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (now known as Bioversity International), Rome, Italy. He advocated development of in situ conservation methods, especially in case of crop wild relatives and agro-forest/ tree species (such as rubber, cacao and fruit trees), through Indian J. Plant Genet. Resour. 25(1): i–iv (2012) Swapan K Datta, RK Tyagi, Anuradha Agrawal ecosystem conservation. The article by Dr Bhuwan Sthapit and co-authors, Bioversity International, in the current issue entitled “Community Based Approach to On- Farm Conservation and Sustainable Use of Agricultural Biodiversity in Asia” (pp. 97-110), describes the challenges of implementation of on-farm conservation based on three case studies in India, Nepal and South East Asia. Their studies have shown the importance of role of communities in biodiversity management (landscape, species and genetic diversity) and strongly advocate the Community Biodiversity Management (CBM) model for on-farm conservation. Another article by Dr CA Bonham and associates, Bioversity International, entitled “The Patterns of Use and Determinants of Crop Diversity by Pearl Millet Farmers in Rajasthan” (pp. 85-96) also discusses the determinants of on-farm diversity of pearlmillet in Rajasthan. They found that irrigation and income are key factors which effect patterns of on-farm diversity and affl uent farmers maintain greater varietal diversity than poorer farmers. The article by Dr KR Shivanna, from Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and Environment, Bengalaru, on “Reproductive Ecology and Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources of the Wild” (pp. 75-84), describes how understanding reproductive ecology, including pollination, breeding system, seed dispersal and seedling establishment mechanisms of wild PGR is absolutely essential for their effective conservation. Today, PGR utilization has become a buzz word in the PGR management systems. Dr RS Rana, working then at the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, contributed an article on “Evaluation and Utilization of PGR for Salt Affected Soils” in the fi rst issue of IJPGR. Salt effected soils were a major challenge, especially for small and marginal farmers. He advocated the collection, conservation, assessment and utilization of salt-tolerant PGR to address the problem. Dr Rana’s vision has become a reality today. ICAR launched a network mega-project on ‘National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture’ (NICRA) in February, 2011, with the objective to enhance resilience of Indian agriculture to climate change and vulnerability, through strategic research and technology demonstration, including developing salt tolerant varieties. Further, in the current issue of IJPGR, Dr BS Dhillon and co-workers from the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, have demonstrated how a broad genetic base (including crop wild relatives), handled through precise and fast breeding technology (marker assisted gene tagging and transfer) is the approach to be followed in utilization
of PGR in the current context of narrow genetic base of crops. Their article entitled “Enhanced Utilization of PGR in Crop Improvement Programmes” (pp. 52-62) is highly illustrative on these aspects. In the inaugural issue, Dr MH Mengesha, ICRISAT, Hyderabad, in his article entitled “Genetic Resources Activities at ICRISAT” gave an overview on germplasm collection, evaluation, maintenance, conservation and utilization of the fi ve mandated crops (sorghum, pearlmillet, chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut). The emphasis was on amassing germplasm and developing appropriate short and long-term conservation strategies. In Indian J. Plant Genet. Resour. 25(1): i–iv (2012) Refl ecting on 25 Years of Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources iii Box 1. Cover page of the fi rst volume of IJPGR published in 1988 the current issue, Dr HD Upadhyaya and associates from ICRISAT describe “Mini Core Collections for Enhanced Utilization of Genetic Resources” (pp. 111-124), wherein mini cores have been shown to be effi cient option for studies on genetic diversity, population structure, association mapping and targeted allele mining for agronomically important traits, including biotic and abiotic stress tolerance/resistance. These two articles clearly show the paradigm shift in PGR management, over the years. The fi rst issue of IJPGR had a few papers describing survey, collection and evaluation of PGR (see Box 1). In the present issue, Dr V Ramanathan Rao, Bioversity
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