Comparative Neuro-Ophthalmology - North Carolina State ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Intrinsically PhotosensitiveRetinal Ganglion Cells (ipRGC)Berson, DM, Dunn FA, Takao, M. Phototransduction by retinal ganglioncells that set the circadian clock. Science 2002; 295: 1070-3.• Subset of RCG (2%) that are photosensitive and containmelanopsin• Project to brain centers that control non-image formingfunctions including PLR and circadian related behavior• In normal retina, input to ipRGC predominately fromrod/cones, which regulate acute changes in pupil size;ipRGC control sustained pupil size in response toenvironmental light levels• ipRGC capable of generating PLR without rod/cone input,requires high intensity light in ~480nm wavelengths (blue)
Afferent Arm of PLR• pretectal nuclear fibers:- at caudal commisure,second decussationoccurs to reach CNIIIparasympathetic nuclei,results in:• in primates directPLR=indirect PLR• in sub-primatemammals, direct PLR> indirect PLR(dynamic contractionanisicoria)CentraldecussationPTNCNII nuclei
Page 1 and 2: Comparative Neuro-OphthalmologyMich
Page 3: Suggested Reading• Shamir MH, Ofr
Page 6 and 7: AFFERENT ARM OF PLR:• rod/cone ph
Page 9 and 10: • optic nerve fibers convergeat c
Page 11: LG BodyPTN; R.ColliculusII
Page 15 and 16: Postganglionic, ParasympatheticCili
Page 17 and 18: Ciliary Body Innervation andAccommo
Page 19 and 20: Axon Reflex• stimulation of ophth
Page 21 and 22: Evaluating Pupillary Light Reflexes
Page 23 and 24: Swinging Flashlight Test• “Posi
Page 25 and 26: Dark Adaptation Test• normal = bo
Page 27 and 28: Retinal Chain, Intraocular RetinalG
Page 29 and 30: Unilateral Optic Tract Lesions• s
Page 31 and 32: • ipsilateral dilated pupil• no
Page 33 and 34: ExternalOphthalmoplegia• motor de
Page 35 and 36: Pharmacologic Localization of Lesio
Page 37 and 38: Pharmacologic Testing withParasympa
Page 39 and 40: Efferent Sympathetic Pathway:1st Or
Page 41 and 42: Efferent Sympathetic Pathway: 3rdOr
Page 43 and 44: Horner’s Syndrome• protrusion o
Page 45 and 46: Horner’s Syndrome in Large Animal
Page 47 and 48: Localization of Pupillary Abnormali
Page 49 and 50: Anisicoria: Unilateral Mydriasis•
Page 51 and 52: Anisicoria: Unilateral Mydriasis•
Page 53 and 54: Localizing Horner’s Syndrome with
Page 55 and 56: Bilateral Miosis• Extensive brain

Comparative Neuro-Ophthalmology - North Carolina State ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?