Comparative Neuro-Ophthalmology - North Carolina State ...

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Bilateral Retina, Optic Nerve or Tract, OpticChiasm or Posterior Commissure Lesions• bilateral mydriasis, PLRdeficits, visual deficits• lesions in both retinas >chiasm > both optic nerves >both optic tracts• lesions in central chiasmdestroying only crossedfibers:- produce equal, but largerthan normal pupils- paradoxical pupil = direct andconsensual PLRs present,more constricted pupilopposite side stimulated (i.e.consensual > direct PLR)
• ipsilateral dilated pupil• nonreactive (ipsilateral) pupil todirect and indirect light• normal dark adaptation test• preganglionic:- generally motor andpupillomotor (totalophthalmoplegia)• postganglionic:- pupillomotor fibers only(internal ophthalmoplegia)- hemipupil in cats if affectingonly one short ciliary nerve- supersensitivity toparasympathomimeticsEfferent Arm Lesions
Page 1 and 2: Comparative Neuro-OphthalmologyMich
Page 3: Suggested Reading• Shamir MH, Ofr
Page 6 and 7: AFFERENT ARM OF PLR:• rod/cone ph
Page 9 and 10: • optic nerve fibers convergeat c
Page 11 and 12: LG BodyPTN; R.ColliculusII
Page 13 and 14: Afferent Arm of PLR• pretectal nu
Page 15 and 16: Postganglionic, ParasympatheticCili
Page 17 and 18: Ciliary Body Innervation andAccommo
Page 19 and 20: Axon Reflex• stimulation of ophth
Page 21 and 22: Evaluating Pupillary Light Reflexes
Page 23 and 24: Swinging Flashlight Test• “Posi
Page 25 and 26: Dark Adaptation Test• normal = bo
Page 27 and 28: Retinal Chain, Intraocular RetinalG
Page 29: Unilateral Optic Tract Lesions• s
Page 33 and 34: ExternalOphthalmoplegia• motor de
Page 35 and 36: Pharmacologic Localization of Lesio
Page 37 and 38: Pharmacologic Testing withParasympa
Page 39 and 40: Efferent Sympathetic Pathway:1st Or
Page 41 and 42: Efferent Sympathetic Pathway: 3rdOr
Page 43 and 44: Horner’s Syndrome• protrusion o
Page 45 and 46: Horner’s Syndrome in Large Animal
Page 47 and 48: Localization of Pupillary Abnormali
Page 49 and 50: Anisicoria: Unilateral Mydriasis•
Page 51 and 52: Anisicoria: Unilateral Mydriasis•
Page 53 and 54: Localizing Horner’s Syndrome with
Page 55 and 56: Bilateral Miosis• Extensive brain

Comparative Neuro-Ophthalmology - North Carolina State ...

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