Comparative Neuro-Ophthalmology - North Carolina State ...

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Efferent Sympathetic Pathway:2nd Order <strong>Neuro</strong>ns• rami communicans through ventral roots• thoracic sympathetic trunk• cervicothoracic and middle cervicalganglia, cervical sympathetic trunk• synapse in cranial cervical ganglion(caudomedial to tympanic bullae) withpostganglionic sympathetic neurons
Efferent Sympathetic Pathway: 3rdOrder <strong>Neuro</strong>ns• postganglionic fibers join tympanic branch of CN IX(glossopharyngeal n.) to form caroticotympanic nerves• over promontory of middle ear• exit middle ear and enter cavernous sinus• join CN V• most fibers pass through ophthalmic division of CNV, tonasociliary nerve (to upper eyelid, dilator mm. andsmooth mm. of orbit)• enter globe via long ciliary nerve• suprachoroidal space to anterior segment• some fibers through maxillary division of CNV toinfraorbital/zygomatic nerve to supply lower nictitansand lower eyelid
Page 1 and 2: Comparative Neuro-OphthalmologyMich
Page 3: Suggested Reading• Shamir MH, Ofr
Page 6 and 7: AFFERENT ARM OF PLR:• rod/cone ph
Page 9 and 10: • optic nerve fibers convergeat c
Page 11 and 12: LG BodyPTN; R.ColliculusII
Page 13 and 14: Afferent Arm of PLR• pretectal nu
Page 15 and 16: Postganglionic, ParasympatheticCili
Page 17 and 18: Ciliary Body Innervation andAccommo
Page 19 and 20: Axon Reflex• stimulation of ophth
Page 21 and 22: Evaluating Pupillary Light Reflexes
Page 23 and 24: Swinging Flashlight Test• “Posi
Page 25 and 26: Dark Adaptation Test• normal = bo
Page 27 and 28: Retinal Chain, Intraocular RetinalG
Page 29 and 30: Unilateral Optic Tract Lesions• s
Page 31 and 32: • ipsilateral dilated pupil• no
Page 33 and 34: ExternalOphthalmoplegia• motor de
Page 35 and 36: Pharmacologic Localization of Lesio
Page 37 and 38: Pharmacologic Testing withParasympa
Page 39: Efferent Sympathetic Pathway:1st Or
Page 43 and 44: Horner’s Syndrome• protrusion o
Page 45 and 46: Horner’s Syndrome in Large Animal
Page 47 and 48: Localization of Pupillary Abnormali
Page 49 and 50: Anisicoria: Unilateral Mydriasis•
Page 51 and 52: Anisicoria: Unilateral Mydriasis•
Page 53 and 54: Localizing Horner’s Syndrome with
Page 55 and 56: Bilateral Miosis• Extensive brain

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