NDMA Annual Report 2011 (26MB)

National Disaster Management AuthorityGovernment of PakistanAnnual2011Report

NDMA Annual Report 2011National Disaster Management AuthorityPrime Minister’s Secretariat, Islamabadhttp://www.ndma.gov.pkFor official use onlyCopyright © National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)This report has been produced under the overall guidance ofChairman, National Disaster Management Authority,Dr. Zafar Iqbal Qadir.An editorial team led by: Ms Zeb-u-Nisa, NDMA compiled the document.The editing was supported by Mr. Waseem Ahmed, One UN DRM ProgrammeDesign/Layout: Syed Sajid Hussain NaqviEvent Photography: Muhammad Saqib Iqbal, NDMA

Annual Report2011National Disaster Management AuthorityGovernment of Pakistan

iContentswww.ndma.gov.pkContentsChapter No.1Disaster Management System in Pakistan3Disaster Risk in Pakistan1.1 Disaster Risk Management in Pakistan1.2 National Disaster Risk Management Framework1.3 National Disaster Management AuthorityChapter No.2Disaster Risk Reduction: Making Communities ResilientDisaster Risk Reduction2.1 Policy Initiatives130306070713132.2 Institutional Initiatives2.3 One Million Safer Schools and Hospitals Campaign 20112.4 Contingency Plan for Monsoon 20112.5 Urban Search and Rescue Teams2.6 The Gender Imperative14222223232.7 NDMA at International Fora 242.8 NDMA Global Outreach 25Chapter No.3Responding to Disasters: A Year in a Retrospect29Responding to Disasters293.1 Rain Floods - Sindh and Balochistan, 2011 293.2. Government Response303.3 Rapid Response Plan 333.4 Other Disasters During the Year 36Annual Report 2011

www.ndma.gov.pkContents3.5. Early Recovery Floods 20103.6. Operational Support ServicesChapter No.4Achievements, Challenges & Looking Ahead4.1 Achievements4.2 Challenges4.3 Way Forward473842475054List of Tables & FiguresTables1.1 Analysis of Natural Disasters in Pakistan(1987 - 2011)53.1 Details of Deaths and Damages during 2011 Floods3.2 Highlights of the sector-wise damages along withthe total cost of reconstruction3.3 Estimate of Total Damage Costs by Sector3.4 Estimate Damage and Reconstruction Costs by Province/Area3.5 Floods 2010: Sector wise Summary of Damages3.6 Activity and financial details of all the interventions undertaken by theNDMA, in collaboration with the PDMAs and humanitarian organization393.7 Relief Items Distributed Among the Affectees of Attabad Lake3.8 Technical Details of Attabad Lake3.9 International Aid Received 4130353536384041Annex Detail of trainings availed during 201143Figures1.1 Neighborhood of Vulnerability 51.2 Neighborhood of Vulnerability 51.3 National Disaster Management Authority Organogram 10Annual Report 2011ii

Acronymswww.ndma.gov.pkAcronymsADPCCBDRMCAT DDODRMDMADRIDDMADMDCDCODIADFIDNADRRERCEWSFFCFWOGBGCCGISGSPGCISCGBDMAHFAIFIICTIOMIPCCINGOJICAKPLBODMHVRAMISNGONDMONDMNDMCNEOCNDRRPNDMPNIDMAsian Disaster Preparedness CenterCommunity Based Disaster Risk ManagementCatastrophe Deferred Drawdown OptionDisaster Risk ManagementDistrict Management AuthoritiesDisaster Risk InsuranceDistrict Disaster Management AuthorityDisaster ManagementDeputy CommissionersDistrict Coordination OfficersDisaster Impact AssessmentDevelopment Financial InstrumentsDamage and Need AssessmentDisaster Risk ReductionEmergency Relief CellEarly Warning SystemFederal Flood CommissionFrontier Works OrganizationGilgit BaltistanGender & Child CellGeological Information SystemGeological Survey of PakistanGlobal Change Impact Studies CenterGilgit Baltistan Disaster Management AuthorityHyogo Framework for ActionInvestment Financial instrumentsIslamabad Capital TerritoryInternational Organization for MigrantsInter-governmental Panel on Climate ChangeInternational Non-Governmental OrganizationsJapan International Cooperation AgencyKhyber PakhtunkhwaLeft Bank Outfall DrainMulti-hazards Vulnerability and Risk assessmentManagement Information SystemNon-Governmental OrganizationNational Disaster Management OrdinanceNational Disaster ManagementNational Disaster Management CommissionNational Emergency Operations CenterNational Disaster Risk Reduction PolicyNational Disaster Management PlanNational Institute of Disaster ManagementiiiAnnual Report 2011

www.ndma.gov.pkAcronymsNOCNFINHEPRNOMSSHPDMAPDMCPRCSPMDPDMFSADKNSAARCSDMCSMCSPUSUPARCOUNISDRUNDPUCUSAIDUSCUN OCHAWPPNo Objection CertificateNon-Food ItemsNational Health Emergency Preparedness and Response NetworkOne Million Safe Schools and HospitalsProvincial Disaster Management AuthorityProvincial Disaster Management CommissionsPakistan Red Crescent SocietyPakistan Metrological DepartmentProvincial Disaster Management FundsSouth Asia Disaster knowledge NetworkSouth Asian Association for Regional CooperationSAARC Disaster Management CentreSchool Management CommitteeStrategic Planning unitSpace and Upper Atmosphere Research CommissionUnited Nations International Strategy Disaster ReductionUnited Nations Development ProgrammeUnion CouncilUnited States AidUtility Stores CooperationUnited Nations Office of Coordination Humanitarian AssistanceWetlands Programme PakistanAnnual Report 2011iv

Chairman Messagewww.ndma.gov.pkChairman MessageYear 2011 is aptly characterized as the year of transitionfrom conventional Disaster Risk Management (DRM)concepts and approaches to world class, cutting edge(DRM) interventions both at policy and operational levelsin Pakistan. During the course of 2011, the NDMA wasconfronted with a major challenge to deliver on real timebasis and roll out most of the Disaster Risk Reduction(DRR) related institutional development and policyinitiatives embarked upon in 2010. While the organizationwas fully engrossed in implementation of early recoveryprogramme to manage the aftermaths of 2010 floods, thecountry was severely hit by the torrential rains of 2011resulting in unprecedented floods in two provinces of the country, which called for immediateinterventions of NDMA towards rescue and relief. This was high time, as the NDMA wasspearheading a number of new institutional dynamics and policy imperatives concerningDRM in tandem. The 2011 floods exacerbated the humanitarian emergency of 2010 floodsand precipitated in increasing demand on the NDMA's limited capacity to respond both at thelevel of headquarters, as well as in the field. A thorough analysis of the situation compelled meto adopt a multi-pronged strategy to manage the colossal aftermaths of two consecutivecatastrophes resulting in massive human and property losses and to galvanize theorganizational capacity to respond in a coordinated manner. Adoption of an institutionalizedapproach with bottom-up planning process, rigorous consultations with a broad range ofstakeholders, and external resource mobilization were cornerstone of institutional strategy ofNDMA. Though the Provinces and Regions were primarily focused considering the 18thconstitutional amendment yet pre-monsoon, mitigation and preparedness measuresremained topmost priority to tackle. To ensure effective coordination and stakeholderownership in the process, a team of DRM experts commissioned whirlwind pre monsoonvisits to Provincial/ Regional DMAs besides engaging them in consultations with politicalleadership, civil and military bureaucracy, national and international NGOs and civil societyorganizations. This served the basis for a well orchestrated mitigation and response strategy tomanage any possible disaster situation.In organizational context, significant progress was achieved in articulating policy formulation,harnessing political ownership and mainstreaming DRM into development. In addition,DRM needs assessment was carried out in collaboration with external and internal partners,while the agenda of organizational change, process and institutional capacity building ofNDMA was followed in true letter and spirit. Stakeholder's coordination, institutionalvAnnual Report 2011

www.ndma.gov.pkChairman Messagelinkages, participatory consultations and bottom up approach and dedicated fiscal allocationsby provinces and regions for DRM remained significant hall mark of 2011.Contemporary developments and innovation in DRR initiatives, viz, Multi-HazaradsVulnerability and Risk Assessment (MHVRA) Community Based Disaster Risk Management(CBDRM), Disasters Risk Insurance (DRI) and Gender Mainstreaming in DRR werecarefully reviewed and adopted after necessary readjustment in accordance with theindigenous context. Vertical and horizontal programme integration was ensured at all levels tomaximize programme coherence, effectiveness and impact during the reporting year.At the end, let me acknowledge the enduring support and collaboration of all developmentpartners in Pakistan including federal, provincial and local governments, PDMAs, DDMAs,international community , donor agencies, the UN system, national and international NGOs,civil society oranizations philanthropists, academia and media fraternity to help transformingthe concept of DRM from rhetoric to reality. Without their cooperation, NDMA could nothave achieved the gigantic task of making Pakistani nation more knowledgeable and resilientto disasters. Finally, let me also applaud the hard work and dedication of NDMA staff, whohave been working tirelessly,day and night for this supreme cause.I earnestly hope that you will find this report a useful and informative document on NDMA'sendeavors for promotion of DRM in Pakistan.(Dr. Zafar Iqbal Qadir)Chairman NDMAAnnual Report 2011vi

Executive Summarywww.ndma.gov.pkExecutive SummaryPakistan's vulnerability to natural and human induced disasters is characterized byearthquakes, floods, droughts, cyclones, landslides, sea hazards and a range of complexemergencies. The response to the earthquake of 2005 signified the importance of a nationalplatform to manage and coordinate the response efforts to deal with the risk of disasters in asynchronized manner. To address the existing shortcomings in disaster response andmanagement, and to be compliant with the international commitments including theInternational Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) 1999 and Hyogo Framework for Action2005-2015, National Disaster Management Ordinance (NDMO) was promulgated in 2006,which was formally enacted as National Disaster Management (NDM) Act in 2010 by theParliament. The Act provides a framework based on decentralized risk governance anddisaster risk reduction. Foundation of the required institutional infrastructure was laid downand National Disaster Management Commission (NDMC), National Disaster ManagementAuthority (NDMA), Provincial Disaster Management Commissions (PDMC),Provincial/State Disaster Management Authorities (P/SDMAs) and District DisasterManagement Authorities (DDMAs) were established in 2010 and 2011 for policy advocacyand mainstreaming the Disaster Risk Management (DRM) in the development paradigm.2011 was a year of transition for NDMA, whereby the philosophy of DRM was actuallytransformed from its conceptual phase to integration at policy and implementation phase.Despite managing the aftermaths of 2010 floods and responding to the unprecedented floodsof 2011, a number of key organizational milestones were achieved, which remained keysuccesses of the year 2011. Among these initiatives, National Disaster Risk Reduction Policywas of foremost importance, which was formulated with focus on prevention, mitigation andpreparedness aspects of DRM. To translate DRM policy imperatives into an implementationframework, a ten year National Disaster Management Plan (2012-2022) was formulated. Theplan will help manage the entire spectrum of DRM through policy intervention,implementation of critical actions and institutional capacity building for mitigation, preventionand preparedness besides response and recovery.NDMA is trailblazing the concept of establishing the Disaster Risk Insurance Fund (DRIF),which is a major innovation in the development history of Pakistan. The Fund aims atproviding viable insurance solution to poor and vulnerable of the society covering differenttypes of disasters. NDMA has been in contact with leading national and internationalinsurance firms to come with index-based micro insurance solutions, covering life, foodsecurity, housing, small businesses, crops and livestock. Cognizant to its role as policy advocatefor DRM, NDMA was actively engaged with the newly created Ministry of Climate Change forconsidering inclusion of a chapter on DRM in draft National Policy on Climate Change. Basedon inputs from NDMA, National Climate Change Policy document now includes a section onviiAnnual Report 2011

www.ndma.gov.pkExecutive Acronyms Summarydisaster preparedness and adaptation to climate change which lists a number of policymeasures.On institutional front, One UN DRM Joint Programme remained a collaborative effort of theUN system in Pakistan, being implemented by NDMA together with 19 UN agencies.Adequate financial and technical assistance has been received through this programme forinstitutionalizing DRM and enhancing capacities at national, provincial and district levels.Annual Report 2011 viii

NCha p ter1DMADisaster Management Systemin Pakistan

www.ndma.gov.pkDisaster Management System in PakistanDisaster Management System in PakistanDisaster Risk in PakistanA disaster is serious disruption in the normalactivities of a society, causing loss or damage ofhuman and/or financial assets that are beyond thecapacity of the dwellers to cope with. A disaster'sseverity is measured by how much impact a hazardhas on society and the environment. It influencesthe mental, socio-economic, political and culturalstate of the affected area.Disasters are seen as theconsequence of inappropriately managed risk.These risks are the product of a combination ofboth hazard/s and vulnerability.Pakistan is vulnerable to disastersand is facingserious threats and challenges from large-scalenatural and man-made disasters such as, seismicevents, landslides, droughts, floods, fog, torrentialrains, tropical cyclones, dust storms, fires, oil-spills,etc.A number of factors lay behind the vulnerabilitiesof Pakistani society to hazards. These include poorconstruction practices, livestock, agriculturalmanagement, fragile natural environment, weakearly-warning systems, awareness and education,poverty. Lack of communication infrastructureand scant critical facilities aggravate vulnerabilitiesof communities. In mountainous regions the nonavailabilityof safe land for construction, scatteredsettlement patterns and harsh climatic conditionsfurther intensify vulnerabilities. The human andanimal population growth, environmentaldegradation, resulting from poorly managed urbanand industrial development processes, climatechange and variability are major dynamic pressuresthat increase vulnerabilities of Pakistani society. Inthe coming decades, frequency, severity andimpact of certain hazards may increase that mightlead to greater social, economic and environmentallosses. The absence of comprehensive DisasterRisk Reduction (DRR) and preparednessmechanisms in the country has been the majorfactors that caused the large-scale destruction in thepast.Geological assessment has unfolded vulnerabilitiesin seismically active zone posing permanent threatof calamities. Pakistan is geographically situated atthe junction of major tectonic plates and world'stallest / youngest ranges: the Himalayas, the HinduKush and the Karakoram.The regions of Azad Jammu and KashmirGilgitBaltistan and parts of the KhyberPakhtunkhwa are particularly vulnerable toearthquakes and landslides. Deforestation inthese areas is the major contributing factor besidesincreased incidences of landslides. The Kashmirregion and northern areas of Pakistan are prone toavalanches. Indus basin-related flash floodingthrough hill torrents also poses threat to thecommunities living in the surroundings.FloodsThe Indus River system offers the world's largestcontiguous irrigation system, thereby, supportingthe fertile flood plains downstream Terbela.Floods particularly hit Punjab and Sindh while hilltorrents/flash floods tend to affect the hilly areas ofKP, GB and Balochistan. The floods of 1950,1973, 1976, 1988 and 1992 resulted in a largenumber of deaths and severe loss of property,while the July 2010 floods have been described asthe worst in the last eighty years and led to nearly 20million people being significantly affected with anestimated 1,800 human loss. The estimated loss toeconomy was about USD 10 Billion.During the year under report, heavy monsoonresulted in severe inundation of lower Sindh andeastern Balochistan, thereby, affecting over 9.5Million people. The monsoon floods of 2011adversely affected major portions of cash crops inSindh province with an estimated economic loss ofUSD 2.47 BillionEarthquakesPakistan lies in a seismic belt and, therefore, suffersfrom frequent earthquakes of small, medium andChapter 1 Annual Report 2011 3

Disaster Management System in Pakistanwww.ndma.gov.pkhigh magnitudes. Mountain ranges of Koh-e-Suleman, Hindu Kush and Korakuram aresignificantly vulnerable. Within the Suleman,Hindu Kush and Karakoram mountain ranges, theNorthern Areas and Chitral district in KhyberPakhtunkhwa, Kashmir including Muzaffarabad,and Quetta, Chaman, Sibi, Zhob, Khuzdar,Dalbandin, the Makran coast including Gwadarand Pasni in Balochistan are located in high or veryhigh risk areas. Cities of Islamabad, Karachi andPeshawar are located on the edges of high riskareas. Four major disasters in 20th Century include1935 Quetta earthquake, 1945 Makran Coastearthquake, 1976 Northern areas, and, 2005Kashmir/KP quake.Droughts:Pakistan is also vulnerable to long-spell andseasonal droughts. In recent years,large areas ofBalochistan, Sindh and Southern Punjab whereaverage rainfall recorded below 100 mm havesuffered heavy damages due to drought. Severedrought periods in 1998-2002 affected livelihood,resulted in human deaths, forced tens of thousandspeople to migrate and also destroyed a largenumber of cattleheads. The drought led to 120casualties and affected 2.2 Million people. Aridrangelands are Thar, Cholistan, Dera Ghazi Khan,D.I. Khan, Thal, and western Balochistan, Mostdrought-prone areas of Pakistan do get occasionalmonsoon rains that are erratic in nature andscattered in geographic spread. WesternBalochistan comprising Kharan and Chaghideserts remain dry throughout the years.The country needs to have a robust infrastructureto store enough water to secure itself againstrepeated droughts. In retrospect, the eastern sideof the Indus has a huge irrigation network ofbarrages and canals. The western side of the riverlacks much needed irrigation and floodinfrastructure. The need for irrigation and floodworks on the western side of the river has beenwidely felt in the last couple of years with theapparent westward shift of the monsoons.Future GlobalPredictions for Climate Change(IPPC Fourth Assessment Report, 2007)Temperatures will increase by 0.2°C perdecade for the next two decades.Increased precipitation is likely at highlatitudes, while decreases are likely in mostsubtropical regions (such as Pakistan).Heat waves and heavy rainfall will becomemore frequent.There will be a decrease in snow cover.Due to past CO2 emissions and futureemissions, global temperatures will continueto warm the lower layers of the oceans,causing the sea level to rise even if emissionsare controlled.Summer precipitation is likely to decrease inSouth Asia, as well as during December toFebruary.There will be an increase in the inter-annualvariability of daily precipitation in the Asiansummer monsoon.An increase of 1020% in tropical cycloneintensity is likely for a rise in sea surfacetemperature of 24°C relative to the currentthreshold temperature.Storm surge heights could increase as a resultof stronger winds and increases in seasurface temperatures and low pressure.Tsunamis & Cyclones:The country has a long coastline making it prone tocoastal disasters and emergencies includingtsunamis and cyclones. A number of cyclones wererecorded between 1971 and 2010. The cyclone of1999 in Thatta and Badin districts wiped out 73settlements, resulting in loss of 168 lives, 11,000cattle-heads and 1800 fishing boats. Nearly 0.6million people were affected. Moreover,theCyclone Yemyin and PHET caused severedamages in Pakistan.A Neighbourhood of Vulnerability:The forecast of increasing temperature makes4 Annual Report 2011Chapter 1

www.ndma.gov.pkDisaster Management System in PakistanPakistan susceptible to climate change. Climatechange is being considered as a critical factorbehind unpredictable rainfall patterns and thevisible increase in precipitation during monsoonseasons in Pakistan. These temperature increasesare expected to be higher than the global average.The forecasts indicate a temperature increase by0.9 Celsius by 2020 and 1.8 Celsius by 2050. Lyingunder the northern highlands, which include partsof the Hindu Kush, the Karakoram Range, and theHimalayas, Pakistan, is heavily reliant on themonsoons and snow-fed rivers. In the short term,the retreating glaciers in the Himalayas haveincreased risk of floods, due to more runoff in themain rivers. Similarly, it has also resulted information of glacial lakes that are potentiallyunstable. However, in the long term, there can beno replacement for the water provided by theglaciers and their retreat could result in watershortage at an unprecedented scale, with a steepdecrease in annual river flows. The threateningpatterns of climate change go beyond recedingglaciers in the Himalayas as there would be seriousconsequences such as water scarcity, harsh weathertrends, and lower crop yields resulting in higherprospects of famines, epidemics and sea-level rise,threatening the coastline. Geographical milieu andclimatic variables are made more complex by thegeo-strategic positioning. Increasing conflict in theregion, coupled with socio-economic factors likehigh population growth rate poverty,poor urbanmanagement have made Pakistan more vulnerableto disasters.Figure: 1.1. Neighborhood of VulnerabilityTable No 1.1: Analysis of Natural Disasters in Pakistan (1987 - 2011)# Disaster Type PeopleHomelessPeopleKilledPeopleInjuredPeopleAffectedFigure: 1.2. Neighborhood of VulnerabilityTotalAffectedTotalDamage $000% Rank1 Flood 8,927,685 11,702 1,262 38,669,447 47,589,394 2,746,030 86 12 Earthquake 2,853,585 142,812 88,096 1,294,429 4,236,110 5,019,255 8 23 Drought - 223 - 2,269,300 2,269,300 247,000 4 34 Famine - - - 300,000 300,000 - 1 45 Epidemic - 283 211 16,275 16,486 - 0 56 Wind Strom 22,579 11,654 1,183 1,057,000 1,080,780 4,100 2 67 Landslides 3,100 384 114 200 3,414 - 0 78 ExtremeTemperature- 1,406 324 250 574 - 0 89 Total 11,806,967 168,464 9,190 43,606,901 55,505,058 8,016,385 - -10 Flood 2010 1,744,471 1,984 2,946 20,184,550 20,184,550 10,000,000 - -11 Flood 2011 1.5 520 1180 9.2 m US$ 247Source: NDMA Annual ReportsChapter 1Annual Report 2011 5

Disaster Management System in Pakistanwww.ndma.gov.pk1.1 Disaster Risk Management inPakistanRealizing the importance of flood management theGovernment of Pakistan initiated the FloodsControl Program in the 4th Five-Year Plan (1970-75). In 1974, Federal Emergency Relief Cell cameup with the draft National Disaster Plan. Itdescribed organizational hierarchy, procedures,responding agencies, primary responsibilities,procedures of monitoring relief operations. Theplan could not be completed.Disaster Risk Management in Pakistan till 2005had been following the conventional relief andresponse model for coping with and managing theConstitutional Basis ofNational Disaster ManagementAct 2010Disaster Management is a subject under theexclusive jurisdiction of provinces as it is neitherincluded in the Federal legislative list nor thedefunct concurrent list. National DisasterManagement Act 2010was enacted by invokingthe powers given to the Federal Legislatureunder Article 144 (Part V Chapter 1), whichconfers the power upon Federal Legislature tolegislate for two or more Provinces, if two ormore provincial legislatures pass resolutions tothe effect that the Parliament may by law regulateany matter not enumerated in either legislativelist in the fourth schedule of the constitution.Therefore National Disaster Management Act2010 was promulgated after the FederalLegislature was empowered by four provincialassemblies through their resolutions.risk of natural disasters. West Pakistan NationalCalamities (Prevention and Relief) Act 1958 andCivil Defence Act 1952 were the first key legalinstruments for organizing and coordinating therelief oriented model.The October 2005 earthquake left Pakistanspellbound and exposed the inadequacies of theexisting disaster and emergency managementapparatus. The response to the earthquake of 2005highlighted the importance of a national platformto manage and coordinate the response efforts andto deal with risk of disasters in a holistic manner. Inorder to address the existing shortcomings and incompliance with the international commitmentsspelt in United Nations International Strategy forDisaster Reduction (UNISDR) 2000 and HyogoFramework for Action 2005-2015, NationalDisaster Management Ordinance (NDMO) waspromulgated in 2006. Subsequently, theParliament enacted National DisasterManagement (NDM) Act in 2010 that provides anational disaster framework.DisasterManagement:“Managing the complete disasterspectrum, including preparedness,response, recovery andrehabilitation and reconstruction.”NDMA Act 20101. The National Calamities (Prevention and Relief) Act was enacted in 1958 with a limited focus on relief and compensation.Besides The National Calamities (Prevention and Relief) Act 1958, major building blocks of Pakistan's DisasterManagement system till 2005 included; Federal Emergency Relief Cell(ERC)- a central disaster managementstructure working under the Federal Cabinet Division, Civil Defence department established under Civil Defence Act 1952(as amended in 1993), Fire Fighting services(Fire Brigade) etc2. International covenants on DRM (e.g. UNISDR, HFA) establish two key obligatory benchmarks which include, DRM as acomprehensive framework instead of a fragmented approach and establishment of a national platform for responding todisasters as the desired approach. (Priority 1, HFA 2005)3. Ordinance No XL of 2006, December 21, 2006. The Ordinance was promulgated under the powers conferred to thePresident of Pakistan under Article 89, Constitution of Pakistan 19736 Annual Report 2011Chapter 1

www.ndma.gov.pkDisaster Management System in Pakistan1.2 National Disaster RiskManagement FrameworkNational Disaster Management Commission: TheNational Disaster Management Commission(NDMC), headed by the Prime Minister of4Pakistan, is the national policy making body formanaging disasters. Besides the Prime Minister,members of NDMC include key Federalministers, Leaders of opposition in NationalAssembly and Senate, Chief Ministers of all theprovinces including GB, Prime Minister AJK,Governor KP, Chairman Joint Chiefs of StaffCommittee, and representatives from the civilsociety and any other member appointed by thePrime Minister.National Disaster Management Authority: TheNational Disaster Management Authority(NDMA) is the executive arm of the NDMC tocoordinate and manage DRM activities at thenational level. It is responsible for developingguidelines to be used by federal ministries,provincial departments and district authorities forpreparing DRM plans.Provincial Disaster Management Commissions:Provincial Disaster Management Commissions(PDMC), headed by the respective Chief Minister,is mandated to formulate policies, approveprovincial plans and oversee the Disaster RiskManagement. Its members include; Leader of theOpposition at the provincial legislature and onemember nominated by him, rest of the membersare to be nominated by the Chief Minister. Theprovincial commissions operate through theProvincial Disaster Management Authorities(PDMAs).Provincial Disaster ManagementAuthorities:responsible for coordinating with line departmentsand District Disaster Management Authorities(DDMAs) for DRM initiatives in the province andalso responsible for implementing policies andplans for emergency response.District Disaster Management Authorities:At the district tier District Disaster ManagementAuthorities (DDMA) have been established in allthe provinces and regions. The district authoritiesare headed by Deputy Commissioners/DistrictCoordination Officers. The DDMAs areresponsible for district level planning, coordinatingand implementation for disaster management andtake all measures for the purpose of disastermanagement in the district under the guidance ofthe PDMAs.1.3 National Disaster ManagementAuthority:NDMA is the national body mandated toimplement, coordinate and monitor disaster riskmanagement in Pakistan. Main functions of theauthority include:Act as Secretariat of NDMC to facilitateimplementation of disaster risk managementstrategies;Coordinate the complete spectrum ofdisaster risk management at the nationallevel;Map all hazards in the country and conductrisk analysis on a regular basis;Develop guidelines and standards fornational and provincial stakeholdersregarding their roles in DRM;PDMA is headed by a Director General appointedby the Provincial Government. PDMA is4. Section 13-14, Chapter III, NDM ACT 20115. Section 15-16, Chapter III, NDM ACT 20116. Section 18-22, Chapter IV, NDM ACT 2011Chapter 1Ensure establishment of DisasterAnnual Report 2011 7

Disaster Management System in Pakistanwww.ndma.gov.pkGovernment of Pakistan reaching out to the flood affected8 Annual Report 2011Chapter 1

www.ndma.gov.pkDisaster Management System in PakistanManagement Authorities and EmergencyOperations Centres at provincial, district andmunicipal levels in hazard-prone areas;Provide technical assistance to federalministries, departments and provincial DMauthorities for DRM initiatives;Organize training and awareness raisingactivities for capacity development ofstakeholders, particularly in hazard-proneareas;Collect, analyse, process, and disseminateinter-sectoral information required in an allhazards management approach;Ensure appropriate regulations are framed todevelop disaster response volunteer teams;Create the requisite environment forparticipation of media in DRM activities;Serve as the lead agency for NGOs to ensuretheir performance matches acceptedinternational standards, e.g., the SPHEREstandards;Serve as the lead agency for internationalcooperation in DRM. This will particularlyinclude information sharing, early warning,surveillance, joint training, and commonstandards and protocols required for regionaland international cooperation;Coordinate emergency response of thefederal government in the event of a nationallevel disaster through the NationalEmergency Operations Centre (NEOC);Require any government department oragency to make available such persons orresources as are available for the purpose ofemergency response, rescue and relief.The DM System, thus, has extended its approachto the grass root level by establishing PDMAs andDDMA. This has increased the capacity of thegovernment to swiftly respond to disasters andresultantly make communities pliant and supple.The NDMA is in the process to strengthen thecapacities of PDMAs and DDMAs in addition toinstitutionalizing the contemporary DRMpractices. However, capacities of PDMAs andDDMAs vary largely in terms of emergencyresponse, relief operations and preparedness.The DM system now has the capacity tomainstream DRR at national, provincial and locallevels; and, bring in international technicalexpertise and experiences.The Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment)Act 2010 & its Implications for National Disaster ManagementThe National Disaster Management Act 2010 was promulgated under Article 144, by theNational Assembly after being empowered by all the Provincial Legislatures to legislate onthe behalf of provinces. Moreover the NDMA Act 2010 is in consonance with the spirit ofthe Eighteenth Amendment Act, as it is centrifugal in nature and provides a framework basedon decentralized risk governance.It provides for independent policy making, independent fund creation, utilization &administration at provincial level. Similar approach is evident in the case of district and localtiers.Chapter 1Annual Report 2011 9

Disaster Management System in PakistanDRR-IDD/ADP& Imp IDD/ADP& Imp IIFigure 1.3. National Disaster Management Authority OrganogramChairmanMemberDRRMemberOpsMemberS&SSectoralSpecialistProjectUnitsDir ResDir Rec& RehLogOfficerDirC & IMDir A/PMediaCellGCCDD I DDR-IDy LogOfficerDD (KMGT)DDNetworkCoordAD HRDRR-IIDRR-III DRMDD IILibraryDDAdminDD/ADP& Imp IIICallCentreDD Pro& LegalADP &Imp IVADAdminDirFinanceDDFinanceADAccountDDO10Annual Report 2011Chapter 1

NCha p ter2DMADisaster Risk ReductionMaking Communities Resilient

www.ndma.gov.pkDisaster Risk Reduction Making Communities ResilientDisaster Risk Reduction: Making Communities ResilientDisaster Risk Reduction: MakingCommunities ResilientThe NDMA is proactively working at reducing thevulnerability to disasters, and providing copingmechanisms and adaptive framework. TheNDMA aims at mainstreaming risk reductionstrategies to increase Pakistan's pliability to naturalhazards and make it a disaster resilient nation.A brief account of the progress made in the mainprogrammes and projects during 2011 are asfollows:2.1 Policy Initiatives2.1.1. National Policy on Disaster RiskReductionIn line with the National Disaster ManagementAct, NDMA initiated the formulation of nationalpolicy on Disaster Risk Reduction with emphasison planning, prevention, mitigation andpreparedness. This policy would address the entirespectrum of disaster management through a wellknitstrategy and implementation plan. TheUNDP provided technical assistance to draft thispolicy.2.1.2 National Disaster ManagementPlan (NDMP)To strengthen DRM system in Pakistan, theNDMA, with the assistance of Japan InternationalCooperation Agency (JICA), initiated work on tenyearnational disaster management plan. Afterdetailed consultations and technical studies, theplan was drafted for consultation of allstakeholders. The plan comprises following fourcomponents: Disaster Management PlanChapter 2 Human Resource Development Plan onDisaster Management including NIDMOperational Plan and Design National Multi-Hazard Early Warning Plan,which will identify high-priority activities to beundertaken during the course ofimplementation of the Plan Guidelines for Community-Based DisasterRisk Management (CBDRM)2.1.3 Disaster Risk InsurancePakistan's economy has suffered a loss of billions ofdollars due to disasters since 2005. Reliance onFunding from donors and multilateral financialinstitutions has major limitations in terms ofefficiency, effectiveness, and sufficiency. Shortfallsin resources affect the poor and vulnerablehouseholds the most and lead to discontentmentand anger against the government.The National Disaster Risk ManagementFramework provides for development ofinsurance schemes for disaster risk reduction as apriority. NDMA is trying to develop a model ofmicro insurance that encourages investments indisaster prevention and provide for a moredignified means of coping with disasters. It wouldcover life, housing, assets, small businesses andcrops and livestock etc.Index-Based insurance contracts would be writtenagainst a physical trigger such as an earthquake of apredetermined magnitude or above. This wouldmean that each time there is an earthquake of themagnitude above the agreed level the people of thearea would become eligible for the payment ofcertain amount irrespective of actual loss.In order to ensure that the maximum number ofpeople benefit from the insurance cover thegovernment may consider an option wherein thecontribution to the premium is based on the scoreof a household on the poverty index. This wouldAnnual Report 2011 13

Disaster Risk Reduction Making Communities Resilientwww.ndma.gov.pkmean that while the government would be payingthe entire premiums for the poorest of the poor thegovernments share would keep reducing for thehouseholds placed at the happier position on thepoverty score card. Thus, the upper middle classesmay be paying most of the premium, while themore affording would take the entire burden ofpremium.The insurance program would be run as a trust outof the government control and managed by anindependent board of private philanthropist andrepresentatives of the corporate sector. The boardwould manage the insurance program for disasterprone communities and would maintain a fundthat attracts contributions from both the privateand corporate philanthropist. The fund will act as aspecial purpose vehicle designed to providecontinuity in premium payments and ensuringtransparency.2.1.4 Climate Change Policy Inputs andConsiderationsIn Pakistan, climate change has repeatedly causedextreme events such as the unprecedented floods,droughts, storms, glacial lake outbursts causingcolossal losses. Climate change has adverselyimpacted natural resources, agriculture andlivelihood. Over the years, Pakistan made someefforts related to climate change mitigation andadaptation.The NDMA, in close coordination with relevantfederal ministry, remained active in theformulation of the policy. The NDMA hasundertaken different initiatives to build thecapacity of provinces and districts to cope with thechallenges arisen from visible impact of climatechange in Pakistan.2.2 Institutional Initiatives2.2.1: One UN Joint Programme forDisaster Risk ManagementThe NDMA is implementing a DRM programme,supported by the UN system. The programme ismonitored by a steering committee, co-chaired bythe Chairman, NDMA and the country heads ofWorld Food Programme (WFP) and UNDP. Theprogramme includes:I. DRM planning and institutionaldevelopmentII. DRM training through NIDMIII. DRR mainstreamingIV. Tsunami early warning systemV. Flood & cyclone mitigationVI. Earthquake risk reduction, recovery andpreparedness2.2.2. DRM Planning and InstitutionalDevelopment:The NDMA, in coordination with UNDP, issupporting Government of Pakistan in establishingpolicy, legal and institutional arrangements fordisaster risk management. The main purpose ofthis program is to develop and strengthencapacities of the provincial and district authoritiesto adopt strategies for reducing threat of disasters,while mitigating impact of disaster oncommunities. The NDMA has developed DRMplans for 30 vulnerable districts.As part of this component, the NDMA alsoundertook the consultative process forcontingency planning for Monsoon 2011. Theprocess entailed a bottom-up approach involvingdistrict-based stakeholders, engage in participatoryconsultation. The district-based consultation wasrepeated at the provincial level, feeding intonational level contingency planning intervention.The effectiveness of the contingency planning isreflected through wide ownership by itsimplementing agencies, i.e. PDMAs and DDMAs.Series of these consultative workshops culminatedin sharing the monsoon contingency plan withinternational community and media during June2011.2.2.3 . National Institute ofDisaster ManagementTo address the capacity issues of DRM, the NIDM14 Annual Report 2011Chapter 2

www.ndma.gov.pkDisaster Risk Reduction Making Communities Resilientwas established with the support of UN partners inApril 2010, with the mandate to developcurriculum, organize training courses, conductscientific and academic research, and provideinput into policy development on DisasterManagement. NIDM is catering the needs of thepublic and private sectors on DRM. NIDM has thefollowing objectives:a. Develop curriculum on various facets ofdisaster managementb. Undertake training, research and otherrelated activities on disaster managementc. Develop linkages and build partnershipswith national and international academicinstitutionsd. Develop network of disaster managementprofessionals and master trainers working invarious disciplines in the country and abroade. Publish newsletters, books, researchjournals, and audio visuals to raise disasterrisk awareness among general publicf. Liaison with Disaster Managementinstitutions in the country and NIDM alumniand engage them in different activities i.e.trainings, workshop and technicalassistanceg. Establish and maintain database on disastersin the country and give regular updatesthrough NIDM websiteDuring the reporting year, 13 training courses /workshops were organized in Islamabad anddifferent provinces. A total of 628 participants weretrained in different aspects of preparednessbelonging to governments, academia, media,NGOs, INGOs, etc.2.2.4.`DRR MainstreamingAs a policy initiative, the NDMA engaged a fewprofessionals to sensitize various governmentagencies, ministries and departments on disasterrisk reduction. The primary objective of theseprofessionals was to mainstream DRR intonational policy formulation. Working groups wereformed at different levels to structure thediscussions toward policy review and adoption ofdisaster resilient measures. The achievements inthis regard are as follows;a. A separate chapter on “Disaster Management”in the forth-coming 10th Five-Year People'sDevelopment Plan was proposed to thePlanning Commission;b. Three DRR Checklists made part of projectproposal under public sector developmentprogramme;c. Development of “Guidelines for Handling,Storage and Transportation of HazardousSubstances (Chlorine and Ammonia Gases)”Participants of two days workshop on Disaster ReportingChapter 2Annual Report 2011 15

Disaster Risk Reduction Making Communities Resilientwww.ndma.gov.pkBox No. 2.1Key partners in Mainstreaming DRR in2011:Planning Commission, Ministry of Housing andWorks, Ministry of Water and Power, Ministryof Industries, Ministry of Production, Ministry ofDefence, Ministry of Communication, Ministryof Petroleum and Natural Resources, Ministry ofInformation and Broadcasting, Ministry ofProduction, Ministry of Railways, CapitalAdministration and Development Division,CDA, World Bank, DFID, NESPAK, PakistanEngineering Council (PEC, Pakistan Council ofArchitects and Town Planners (PCATP),Pakistan Medical and Dental Council(PMDC), Punjab and KPand its dissemination to concerned stakeholders;d. MIG Safety and Explosives Rules formulatedand notifiede. Action Plan coupled with Mass AwarenessCampaign in connection with “Avoidance ofLPG / CNG cylinders explosions anddesignation of 3rd Party Periodic Testers”developed and approvedf. DRR Demo Model Project (Marble CityRisalpur) completed in collaboration withPakistan Stone Development Company(PASDEC), Ministry of Production and itsFinal Report publishedg. DRR best practice case study on "FlatsConstruction Based on System BuildTechnology at Sector I-9, Islamabad-Pakistan", was developed and printed incollaboration with Ministry of Housing &Works;h. DRR best practice case study on “Post-Disaster Structural Rehabilitation Case Study:Evaluation and Rehabilitation of FireAffected Shaheed-e-Millat SecretariatBuilding, Islamabad” was developed andprinted in collaboration with Ministry ofDefence and Ministry of Housing and Works ;i. NDMA has supported Ministry of Housing &Works for development of an implementationmechanism for the building code of Pakistan;j. Ministry of Industries was supported toinitiate a survey for profiling of LPG cylindersmanufacturers from DRR perspective;k. Draft Ministerial Strategy on DRRMainstreaming for Ministry of Production wasdeveloped;l. Proposal on Capacity Building was providedto Ministry of Industries by developingproposal on the “Establishment of NationalInstitute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH);m. Feasibility and Technical Proposal onProfiling of Paint and Varnishes wasdeveloped for Ministry of Industries;n. A detailed concept document on CleanerProduction (CP) in industrial sector wasdeveloped for Ministry of Industries foravailing EU assistance on CP Programmeleading to sustainable consumption andindustrial production;o. Action Plan coupled with awarenesscampaign on avoidance of explosions of CNGvehicular cylinders was developed and sharedwith the Ministry of Industries and Ministry ofPetroleum& Natural Resources.Consequently, a Technical Committee andTask Force on CNG Cylinder blast wasconstituted;p. A proposal was developed for Ministry ofIndustries on “Capacity Building onOccupational Safety and Health (CBOSH)”;q. Draft Ministerial strategy for Ministry ofDefence on DRR Mainstreaming wasdeveloped and submitted to MWG forcirculation and finalization;r. A Proposal on GIS-based Risk Mapping ofIndustrial Area of Amangarh, Nowshera wasdeveloped for Ministry of Industries. NOCwas received from KP but clearance is stillawaited from Ministry of Defence;s. In order to raise awareness to avoid boilerexplosions, an advertisement was financed tobe released in the press was developed andapproved by Ministry of Industries;t. A proposal of ''Economical Utilization ofMarble Slurry was developed for'' Ministry of16 Annual Report 2011Chapter 2

www.ndma.gov.pkDisaster Risk Reduction Making Communities ResilientProduction;u. MWG of the Ministry of Defence approved 1-2% of the development budget for allocatingto DRR related activities within the Ministryfrom the forth-coming fiscal year;v. National Economic Growth Policy drafted byPlanning Commission of Pakistan wasReviewed with reference to disaster riskmanagement practices in Pakistan;w. Draft concept note on future activities on DRRMainstreaming in Punjab was developed andshared with PDMA;x. Work initiated on a conceptual framework forthe proposed Provincial Disaster RiskManagement Framework for Punjab and KP;y. Supported NDMA and PDMAs for reviewprocess on the proposed National DisasterManagement Plan 2012-22, beingprepared with support from JICA-Pakistan;z. Six capacity-building events under the DRRmainstreaming were organized in 2011 inwhich over 200 participants from the partnersMinistries / Organization and Provinces weretrained. These training events focused onraising awareness on DRR mainstreaming tothe specialized areas identified by theconcerned Working Groups on DRR.institutional and community level capacity todisaster resilience, plan and implementearthquake risk reduction strategies andknowledge sharing for sustained DRR impact. Theassignment recognized the multifaced problems ofthe urban areas and adopted a systematic approachfor successful risk reduction in the target cities.The maps produced through this initiative arebeing used for land-use planning for urbandevelopment and location/relocation of criticalpublic facilities and utilities.2.2.6. Pilot Study on Multi-HazardVulnerability and RiskAssessment in MurreeMulti-Hazard Vulnerability and Risk Assessment(MHVRA) is an important tool for identifyingvulnerabilities, risks and capacities of a system.This tool helpful to mainstream disaster riskreduction consideration into developmentprocesses. It is a significant aspect of mitigating thenegative impact of disasters and minimizing lossesto human lives and property.2.2.5. Earthquake Risk Reduction,Recovery and Preparedness(ERRP):The NDMA initiated detailed study on microzonationof major earthquake-prone cities ofMansehra, Muzaffarabad, Quetta, Murree andChitral.Seismic hazard micro-zonation is a procedure forestimating the total seismic hazard from surfacerupturing, ground shaking and other relatedphenomena by taking into account the effects oflocal ground conditions that may induce directand/or indirect earthquake hazards. Microzonationmaps identify the zones with similar levelsof potential hazards.The objectives of this exercise were to assess andmitigate the earthquake risks, build resilience ofvulnerable communities, strengthen theChapter 22.2.7. Awareness Raising onEarthquake-Safe ConstructionThe NDMA arranged a shake-tabledemonstration to raise awareness among thepeople of Murree on earthquake resilientconstruction. Engineers, architects, masons,government officials, students, teachers andgeneral public participated in the demonstrationthheld on March 16 , 2011 in Murree.Annual Report 2011 17

Disaster Risk Reduction Making Communities Resilientwww.ndma.gov.pkUNDP, initiated a pilot component onStrengthening Tsunami Early Warning System inPakistan in November 2008. With the successfulcompletion of work plan initiatives in Gwadarduring 2009, the same initiative was planned toextend in Thatta for the year 2010 and to all fivecoastal districts in 2011 and beyond. During 2011,the component focused on Tsunami and CoastalHazard Mitigation awareness along the coastal beltof District Gwadar and Thatta.Shake-table was used to demonstrate as to howrisk-reduction techniques in building constructioncan help buildings withstand such forces during anearthquake and enlightened people on thesimplicity of integrating earthquake-resistancetechniques into the buildings. The demonstrationsinvolved creating two scaled-down models ofbuildings and placing them on a special platformthat produces a shaking force similar to that of anearthquake. One of the model buildings was builtusing earthquake resistant technologies, whereasthe other was built using traditional methods. Theforce with which the platform shakes was increasedgradually. The building model using traditionalmethods inevitably collapsed, whereas the otherbuilding remained unaffected.The NDMA and UNDP have jointly launched aproject called “Tsunami Awareness Campaign forSchools”. The objective of this campaign was toeducate the inhabitants about disaster preventionand preparedness.The campaign has been initiated in 40 schools ofLasbella, Karachi, Thatta and Badin districts. Atotal of 800 school children (boys and girls)participated in the series of trainings. Apart fromthe students, the campaign also engaged teachers,School Management Committee (SMC)members, civil society organizations, working inthese districts and the DDMA.Besides the demonstration, the NDMA alsotrained around 1,000 professionals from theconstruction industry including engineers, masons,contractors and related officials.During the reporting year, Seismic content forDiploma of Associate Engineering - Civil (DAE-Civil) was developed and endorsed byNAVTTEC. The customization of RESISTsoftware was also accomplished. The softwareenables students to analyse structure and todetermine the numbers and sizes of earthquakeand wind load resisting elements in a building.2.2.8. Tsunami and Coastal HazardMitigationConsidering the vulnerability of Makran coastagainst natural disasters like Earthquake, Tsunamiand Cyclone, NDMA in collaboration withParticipants of Tsunami Evacuation Drill18 Annual Report 2011Chapter 2

www.ndma.gov.pkDisaster Risk Reduction Making Communities ResilientThe NDMA in collaboration with NED Universityof Engineering & Technology, Karachi organized atwo-day workshop on “Preparedness for Tsunamithand Coastal Hazards Risk Reduction” on 25-26October 2011. The objective of the workshop wasto introduce basic concepts of tsunami generationto the students of coastal districts of Sindh andBalochistan, and to highlight issues related totsunami preparedness and mitigation measures.The workshop was also aimed at providing skillsand training to the students who will not only beenable to plan and execute disaster managementactivities but also strengthen the early warningsystems in the project area. Over 60 universitystudents belonging to districts Badin, Lasbella,Karachi, Gwadar, and Thatta participated in theworkshop.Another workshop, on 27th-28th Oct, 2011 wasorganized for the district officials and otherstakeholders from Karachi, Gwadar, Lasbella,Badin and Thatta.The NDMA also organized tsunami evacuationdrills in districts of Badin and Lasbella. Theobjectives of the event were to equip localcommunities with necessary coping strategiesagainst natural disasters especially tsunamis and todemonstrate local level mitigation andpreparedness measures.2.2.9. Construction of TsunamiEvacuation RouteKeeping in view the vulnerability of Gwadar Town,the NDMA identified a safe zone of 106 acres ofland at Koh-e-Batil, which is adjacent to the coast.A DRM park was planned to be developed on thatsite for relocating the residents of Gwadar in case ofTsunami/cyclone. The plan aims to provide safeshelters and warehouses on the plateau. A staircasehas been developed on the Koh e Batil, providingsafe walkway of the communities duringemergencies. Total Length of the pathway is1,250ft. To facilitate the movement of community, seawater tanks were also installed along the route fordrinking purpose.2.2.10. Mangrove PlantationTo conserve the coastal ecology and stabilize thecoastal belt, Mangrove forests play an importantrole due to their elongated root structure. Besidesstrengthening the sandy soil, the plants also providenatural habitat to a variety of fish species.Tsunami evacuation route built by NDMA at Gawadar (Balochistan)Chapter 2Annual Report 2011 19

Disaster Risk Reduction Making Communities Resilientwww.ndma.gov.pkconsultation with the district governments. Theequipment includes PTCL Wireless phones,Sirens, Torches, lifesaving jackets & Megaphones.In addition to Early Warning, this equipment canalso be used during search and rescue operations.2.2.12. Satellite Early WarningSystemTo set an example, the NDMA planted over 100hectres of Mangrove forest and developed bestpractices for its regular maintenance. Theinformation so gathered was disseminated throughawareness sessions of the communities in Gwadardistrict.The plantation sites and the nursery were keptunder 24/7 surveillance to protect them. Trainingsessions for local school children and communitiesincluding exposure visits to the plantation site,lectures on the importance of mangroves andcollection of seeds were carried out throughout theyear. The local community including elders,fishermen and other stakeholders were mobilizedon the village level conservation concepts.2.2.11. Basic Early-WarningCommunication EquipmentIn order to strengthen the communication/earlywarning system in coastal areas for timelyevacuation during emergencies, early warningcommunication equipment was provided to thecommunities of district Gwadar & Thatta inIn January 2010, NDMA conducted a survey forthe most vulnerable Tsunami-prone communities,as part of a pilot project. Accordingly, Gwadar wasselected as the most tsunami prone area ofPakistan that needs installation of satellite basedEarly Warning System.The first EWS was installed and activated inGwadar on February 3rd, 2011. The efforts ofNDMA were highly appreciated by localstakeholders, print & electronic media and urgedfor the installation of similar high techcommunication system in rest of the coastal areas.2.2.13. Flood Mitigation andInstitutional DevelopmentPakistan local communities especially those livingon riverbanks and flood plains lackcommunication/early warning systems regardingdisaster threats.During 2011, CBDRM trainings were initiated inthe 10 most affected Union Councils of DistrictMuzaffargarh. The trainings were imparted to 438community members, including 100 females. Inaddition, CBDRM trainings were extended todistrict Bhakkar.20 Annual Report 2011Chapter 2

www.ndma.gov.pkDisaster Risk Reduction Making Communities ResilientBox.No 2.2Badin Shelter in Sindh Province:The NDMA in coordination with DDMA, Rescue1122 and line departments convened emergencyresponse trainings on medical first response, watersearch & rescue and fire fighting. Communitymembers included 177 males and 45 females fromeight flood-prone Union Councils (UCs) of districtJhang participated in the trainings.The NDMA carried out a series of trainingprogrammes for 386 government officialsperforming various departmental activities in tendistricts across the country. These trainingsensured proper operationalization and functioningof DDMAs, as part of an institutionalstrengthening strategy.2.2.14. Awareness RaisingSessions/WorkshopsDuring 2011, the NDMA carried out severalawareness-raising campaigns on Monsoon Floodsin schools of Nasirabad, Layyah, Jhang, Rajanpur,Muzaffargarh, Gilgit, Skarddu, Neelum,Jaffarabad, D.I. Khan, Nowshera, Charsadda andChapter 2Delayed construction of a communityemergency shelter in District Badin was carriedout as per design changes suggested by the expertfrom NED University Karachi. The superstructure of the shelter was successfullycompleted and is being used by the communityfor multiple purposes. During disasters,communities used this shelter as a safe-havenand took refuge in it. During peace times, theshelter is used for community gatherings,marriages, education activities and other socialfunctions. After completion, the EmergencyShelter will be handed over to the districtgovernment which will be responsible for itsmaintenance.Bhakkar.The NDMA was able to reach out over 15,500students (girls & boys) from 280 schools.2.2.15. Institutional support to PDMAsand DDMAs:The NDMA provided technical support to allprovincial DMAs in 30 districts. The technicalsupport comprised deployment of 37 DRMprofessionals along with the allied technologicalinput to assist the provincial and district DMAs indisaster management interventions. Thisassistance resulted in compilation of district-basedcontingency plans for various disasters andbuilding capacity of the officials of districtgovernments on disaster preparedness andresponse.With the positioning of District DRMCoordinators in the 30 most vulnerable districts ofPakistan, a strong coordination mechanism wasdeveloped. 19 DDRMCs with their efforts wereable to establish DRM and Gender forums. Thesefora advocate gender concerns and mainstreamgender considerations into DRM initiatives in thedistricts.Annual Report 2011 21

Disaster Risk Reduction Making Communities Resilientwww.ndma.gov.pk2.3. One Million Safer Schools andHospitals Campaign 2011The NDMA, in collaboration with UNISDR,launched a campaign in October 2011 to pledgecommitment to a global project of 'One MillionSafer Schools and Hospitals (OMSSH)'. Thedriving force behind this campaign was to provide asafe environment for children, as they are the mostdisadvantaged group of our society whenever adisaster strikes. The NDMA's purpose behindinitiating this program was threefold:1. Mitigate all future disaster impact;2. Raise public awareness so as to create ademand for safer schools and hospitals; and3. Encourage and promote participation fromthe public and private sectors of Pakistansuch as Government departments,Ministries. INGOs, NGOs, industries,companies, the general population, serviceproviders, donors and the legal community.2.3.2. Safer Hospitals:Creation of a functional environment with firmbuilding construction and retrofit;Establishment of a hospital Disaster RiskManagement plan along with community andhospital disaster management committees;Ensuring that the general population has accessto safe and protective hospitals;Training of hospital administrative personnelin Disaster Risk Reduction, effective responseprocedures and other essential skills byintroducing a formal curriculum; andThe introduction of a presentation into thesystem through hospital preparedness,evacuation plans and early warning systems.Box.No 2.41. NDMA adopted an innovative approachand took all concerned stakeholders onboard for the 2011 MonsoonContingency Planning.2. Inclusive planning was hence done withthe PDMA's.3. Thereafter, in February 2011, NDMAformed a Technical Working Groupwhich would map risk and vulnerabilitiesacross flood affected areas and identifylikely scenarios.4. This would help anticipate humanitarianmpact by forward contingency planningexercise through bottom up approach.2.3.1. GoalsThe goals of the One Million Safer Schools andHospitals / Safer Cities 2011 are as follows:Dr. Zafar Qadir, Chairman NDMA, addressing at thelaunch of One Million Safe Schools & Hospitals Campaign2.3.3. Safer Schools: To create and maintain a safe learningenvironment with firm building construction; To retrofit and establish a school Disaster RiskManagement Plan with an aim to teach disasterprevention and preparedness thus building aculture of access and safety.2.4 Contingency Plan forMonsoon 2011During the pre-Monsoon meeting held in June2011, the NDMA embarked upon initiating aconsultative dialogue with all the stakeholders toeffectively engage them in planning process for anyflood emergency and develop a contingency plan.22 Annual Report 2011Chapter 2

www.ndma.gov.pkDisaster Risk Reduction Making Com munities ResilientThe plan included the following features:To map the vulnerability associated to disasterthreatTo map the resources available to face thechallengeTo promote integrated lifesaving responses tomonsoon hazardsTo highlight focus on disaster impact and itsmitigationTo examine life-saving response and improvethe response managementTo mobilize the resources and communitiesfor preparedness and responseTraining of USAR teams2.6 The Gender Imperative2.5 Urban Search and RescueTeamsThe NDMA provided institutional capacitysupport of trained and fully equipped humanresource of 88-member heavy team for urbansearch and rescue, specializing in collapsedbuilding structures to the city governments ofKarachi and Islamabad earlier. Capitalizing on pastexperience, similar support was extended toPakistan Army by training and equipping amedium urban search and rescue team,comprising of 54 personnel and a few sniffer dogs.Women and children are particularly vulnerable inany disaster. The challenges that were faced bythem in the aftermath of Floods 2010, exhibitedthe need to constitute an institutional mechanismwithin DRM structure to integrate their specificneeds and concerns in the whole spectrum ofdisaster i.e. disaster risk management andpreparedness, rescue, relief, early recovery,rehabilitation and reconstruction .Consequently, NDMA established the Gender &Child Cell in August, 2011 with the technical andfinancial support of various donors. Main purposeChairman NDMA Dr. Zafar Qadir, Senator Syed Nayyar Bukhari, Ms. Shehnaz Wazir Ali, (SAPM)in a meeting with UN delegation on Gender Policy Dialogue for NDMAChapter 2Annual Report 2011 23

Disaster Risk Reduction Making Co munities Resilientwww.ndma.gov.pkof the GCC is to mainstream issues and concernsof vulnerable segments of society; especiallywomen, children, elderly people and those withspecial abilities.The GCC organized a series of consultativeworkshops with a view to raise awareness ongender equality and child protection; therebyleading to a policy draft on social protection. Theconsultations involved greater interaction with keystake holders including representatives fromgovernment, UN and civil society.The GCC organized a consultative session inMuzzafarabad-AJK, involving key ministers,parliamentarians and government officials. Themain purpose of the consultative workshop was tobuild the capacity of NGOs and governmentdepartments in gender perspective & policy onprotection, prevention & provision. The sessionwas successful in facilitating and reinforcingsynergies amongst various players in thedevelopment sector.2.6.1. The Gender MarkersThe GCC conducted a session on the importanceand application of gender markers in relation toproject proposals that needed to be finalized. Thepurpose of the session was to sensitize the officialsworking at the NDMA and other federal agenciesabout the importance of gender markers with aview to prioritize the projects which had minimumacceptable threshold of gender concerns beingaddressed.2.7. NDMA at International Fora2.7.1: SAARC Disaster ManagementCentrePakistan attended the sixth meeting of theGoverning Board of SAARC DisasterManagement Centre (SDMC) held in New Delhi,India on September 5-6, 2011. The Boardreviewed the progress of DRM initiatives in theregion and urged member states to also link up withthe knowledge portal viz South Asia DisasterKnowledge Network (SADKN), for timely sharingof information.2.7.2: NDMA-Asian DisasterPreparedness CentreCooperation ProgrammeA High-Level Meeting to commemorate AsianDisaster Preparedness Centre (ADPC)'s 25-yearFederal Minister for Climate Change Rana Farooq Saeed Khan, Chairman NDMA Dr. Zafa Iqbal Qadir and Chairman IPCC(Nohle Peace Prize Winner) Dr. R.K. Pachauri with NDMA Officers.24 Annual Report 2011Chapter 2

www.ndma.gov.pkDisaster Risk Reduction Making Communities Resilientachievements was held on 23-24th March, 2011 inBangkok, Thailand. The gathering took stock ofkey results and successes achieved by ADPCduring the past 25 years and its future role insupporting Asia's DRR priorities. The NDMAused this occasion to develop collaborativepartnership with ADPC with a view to enhancecapacity on policy and implementation in the fieldof Disaster Risk Management.2.7.3: UNFCCThe NDMA participated in the climate changenegotiations, organized by the United NationsFramework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCC) during COP-17 held in November-December 2011 in South Africa.During the conference, NDMA showcased theClimate Change challenges of 2010 super floodsand rain generated floods 2011. Side event titled“Pakistan in the Grip of Climate Change” was alsoorganized. Leading representatives from differentcountries including the Chairman of IntergovernmentalPanel on Climate Change (IPCC)Nobel Laureate Dr R. K. Pachauri alsoparticipated in the event.2.7.4: Bilateral Cooperation with KoreaThe NDMA initiated a proposal for bilateralcooperation on disaster management with theNational Emergency Management Agency ofSouth Korea. The proposal seeks to tap mutualbilateral cooperation towards enhancingknowledge base through exchange ofknowledge/information, training/ workshops/experts in the field of disaster management.2.7.5: Hyogo Framework of Action(HFA)The NDMA is actively engaged in pursuing itsobjectives in line with HFA. In this regard, theNDMA has initiated the formulation of nationalpolicy on disaster risk reduction. On the parallel,proactive approach on preparing National DisasterManagement Plan for the next 10 years has been asignificant achievement2.8. NDMA Global OutreachThe NDMA, being active partner of differentformal and informal international regional andpolitical fora, participated in various meetingsrelated to Disaster Management. The importantNDMA Study Delegation with the Governor of Uttaradit Province of ThailandChapter 2Annual Report 2011 25

Disaster Risk Reduction Making Communities Resilientwww.ndma.gov.pkmeetings and events included the following:a. ECO's Regional Conference on CapacityBuilding for Disaster Risk Reduction inKabul, Afghanistanb. SAARC Regional Training Workshop forDevelopment of Framework on needs ofChildren, Indiac. 2nd UNISDR Asia Partnership (IAP)Program, Thailandd. Summit level Meeting to commemorativeAsian Disaster Preparedness Centre(ADPC)'s 25 years achievements inBangkok, Thailande. 9th Meeting of Regional ConsultativeCommittee (RCC) of ADPC in PhnomPenh, Cambodiaf. US Army Central Regional Civil MilitaryOperations Symposium, USAg. 30th International Conference of RedCross and Red Crescent SocietyDecember 29, 2011h. Wilton Park Conferences held inSwitzerland and Thailandi. ADRC sponsored “Asian Conference onDisaster Reduction 2011” in Colombo,Sri Lankaj. General Assembly Meeting of EarthquakeModel of the Middle East Region(EMME) in Jordank. Program for Enhancement of EmergencyResponse (PEER) Regional PlanningMeeting in Manila, Philippines26 Annual Report 2011Chapter 2

NChapter3DMAResponding to Disasters:A Year in a Retrospect

www.ndma.gov.pkResponding to Disasters: A Year in a RetrospectResponding to Disasters: A Year in a RetrospectResponding to DisastersThe NDMA's response to Floods 2010 wascommendable in every aspect of disastermanagement. The performance it showed duringthe turmoil and the progress through the recoveryphase despite the onset of another flood was allaces.Pakistan was still living through the aftermaths of2010 floods that 2011 brought its share ofadversities. However, this year the NDMA swiftlyresponded to the disaster by incorporating anefficient supply chain and distribution network.The NDMA spearheaded and coordinated theemergency relief and response to the affected.The response encompassed provision of rescue,aid, transportation, temporary shelters and food toestablish relief camps. It is noteworthy that thefocus of emergency relief and response was to meetthe basic requirements of the affected populaceuntil the permanent solutions were in place.An effective response on behalf of the NDMA andits humanitarian partners helped save human livesand financial assets.NDMA, along with its partners, responded to thefollowing disasters during 2011:a. Rain Floods 2011- Sindh & Balochistanb. Earthquake - Dalbandin, Balochistanc. Flash Flood - Kohistan, KhyberPakhtunkhwad. Mudslide - Village Talis, DistrictGhanche, Gilgit Baltistan3.1. Rain Floods - Sindh andBalochistan, 2011The Floods 2011 in Sindh and Balochistan from10th August to 14th September, 2011 affected 23districts. Rainfall this year was unusual in a numberof ways. In comparison to the floods of 2010, thesefloods neither hit the admittedly flood-prone areasChapter 3Prime Minister of PakistanConstitutes Parliamentary Committeeon Flood ReliefIn order to galvanise the relief efforts, PrimeMinister of Pakistan, Syed Yousaf Raza Gillaniinstituted a parliamentary committee tosupervise flood relief operations and ensureeffective coordination with the provincialgovernments.The members of the committee includedSenator Syed Nayyar Hussain Bokhari,members of the parliament; Mr. Raja PervezAshraf, Mr. Ch. Qamar Zaman Kaira and Mr.Nazar Muhammad Gondal.along the eastern tributaries of the Indus River norto its western side in Punjab and KP. Instead, itresulted from the pounding of water due toexcessive downpour in southern districts of Sindh.The heavy showers were severe in contrast to theprevious years' precipitation. These areas have hadtheir fair share of droughts in the previous year’sand sudden rains were unanticipated. Most of thenatural drains and culverts of the riverine systemwere blocked by way of encroachment or misuseresulting in water-stagnation in these areas. Thestagnant water triggered disease germination,aggravating the adversities in the area.The precipitation in parts of Sindh was estimated at270 percent during this period, above normalrainfall in the region. Combined with the diversetopography of the region, both low-lying and flatterrains, the continued heavy rains overcapacitatedthe soil, as well as flood-mitigationinfrastructure, resulting in the inundation ofsubstantial areas.Despite several breaches along its length, the LeftBank Outfall Drain (LBOD) of the Indus River,not designed for flood or rainwater spill of themagnitude, facilitated the drainage of aconsiderable volume of floodwater from Sindh outAnnual Report 2011 29

Responding to Disasters: A Year in a Retrospectwww.ndma.gov.pkThe table below shows total damages caused byrain-generated floods during 2011.Table 3.1: Details of Deaths and Damages during2011 FloodsS. No. Description Damages 20111 Death 5202 Injuries 11803 Affected districts 234 Affected population 9.2 m5 Affected houses 1.5 m6 Affected area 25090 Sq km7 Affected cropped area 881.03 thousand haSource: NDMA, IslamabadIn order to manage the emergency situations in2011, the National Emergency Operation Centre(NEOC) was activated in the month of July, 2011as per the SOPs of NDMA. The NDMA officialswere active 24/7 for length of the operation. Theteam received and registered affectees' complaintsand responded directly or referred them toPDMAs or DDMAs for immediate actions.Details of damages and relief provided to Sindhand Balochistan in response is shown in Annex6.1. Pakistan Cards were issued to flood affectees.Progress on distribution of Pakistan Cards inSindh, up to December 31st, 2011, is shownAnnex 6.2.Following major response activities wereundertaken:-3.2.1. Supply ChainThe surprise element in the intensity and durationof heavy rainfalls in Sindh and Balochistan in 2011was the major factor in undertaking the biggest everrelief operation by the Government of Pakistan.The PDMAs were operational and the NDMAspearheaded the process of providing rescueservices and relief support to over 9 Million peoplefor a period of more than three months. Whileproviding rescue and relief services, the NDMAwas also engaged in institutional strengthening ofPDMAs and DDMAs with policy support,provision of trained human resource, technicalassistance and logistic support.3.2. Government ResponseDespite the challenges posed by the floods,Government of Pakistan launched one of thelargest ever relief operation in August, 2011 withthe available resources to the tune of PKR 10Billion. The resources were dedicated to thepurchase and distribution of relief items includingfamily tents, ration packs, mosquito nets, waterfiltration units, tablets and other non-food items(NFIs). The NDMA in collaboration with theprovincial governments of Sindh and Balochistanled the response activities and coordinated throughthe relevant PDMAs and DDMAs for theprovision of relief items.In its efforts to reach out to the affected population,the NDMA established 33 fixed and 22 mobilehealthcare units to treat more than 1.53 Millionpatients. Insecticide fumigation was also carriedout in the affected areas to reduce the risk ofdiseases like malaria.The NDMA established an effective supply chainmechanism, engaging manufacturers, suppliersand service providers. The transportation,communication and monitoring of logisticoperations were institutionalized. Despitechallenges, the NDMA was able to timely delivergoods and supplies in required quantities at thedesignated destinations without any significantinterruption.The system was able to manage procurement anddelivery of relief goods worth over PKR 5 Billion ina short period in the most transparent manner,with the details regularly published on the NDMAwebsite ( www.ndma.gov.pk).3.2.2. Emergency Procurements:The unprecedented rains in Sindh during themonsoon season of 2011 severely affectedmajor portion of Sindh, causing losses to life andproperty. Due to widespread inundations causedby continuous heavy rains from August 10, 201130 Annual Report 2011Chapter 3

www.ndma.gov.pkResponding to Disasters: A Year in a RetrospectNDMA’s robust relief goods supply chain managementChapter 3Annual Report 2011 31

Responding to Disasters: A Year in a Retrospectwww.ndma.gov.pkaffected around 9.2 million people. The NDMAinitiated the rescue and relief operations on August13, 2011 and shipped tents, ration packs and nonfooditems from the reserved inventory at theirwarehouse to ravaged areas.During 2011 floods, NDMA resorted toemergency procurement of necessary relief itemsin accordance with the provisions of NDM Act2010. This ensured a continuous provision of lifesaving relief items procured by the NDMA fromCanteen Stores Department (CSD), the UtilityStores Corporation (USC) and other organizations/ private vendors.The emergency procurements were made in atimely, swift, transparent and efficient manner byfulfilling the legal and procedural requirements ofemergency procurement despite the timeconstraints. The emergency persisted during themonth of Ramadan when the emergency reliefefforts were even harder due to shorter workingdays and Eid holidays. The production capacity offood and non-food items was on the decline due todeclined industrial productivity.While the emergency relief operations wereunderway, continuous monsoon rains furtheraggravated the conditions in Sindh and parts ofBalochistan, increasing the demand of tents, rationpacks, and other lifesaving NFIs.The emergency procurement was undertaken in aswift manner, being cognizant to the importance oftransparency. It was ensured that all requirementsand procedures for fair and timely procurementwere followed despite the time constraint andurgency in supply of relief goods in accordancewith statutory provisions under the sections 9 (aand f) and32 of NDM Act 2010,besides emergencyprocurement provisions under Rule 42 of PublicProcurement Rules 2004.The NDMA sent the relief items to respectivePDMAs to cater for the increasing flood-hitpopulation. Details of relief items procured by theNDMA during Floods 2011 are as under:a.Family Tents 105,333b. Ration Packs 2,016,516(36297 metric tons)c.Water Purification Tablets 5,000,000d. Mosquito Nets 100,000e.Water Filters 5,1003.2.3. USAID Support:The support provided by USAID throughInternational Organization for Migrants (IOM)during the response of Floods 2011 enabled theNDMA to provide 23,000 ration packs (18 kgeach) to the flood affectees in Sindh. USAID alsobuilt the logistic capacity of NDMA by providingtransportation of relief items from Islamabad to theflood affected areas.In addition, the support was also provided toenhance the human resource of NDMA duringemergency phase. With this assistance, NDMAwas able to hire the services of Emergency SupportStaff to augment response capacity, and sectoralexperts and programme officers as part of theStrategic Planning Unit (SPU) that effectivelyworkedfor following:-(1) Preparation of Polices related to response,gender issues, camp management, andtheir implementation(2) Assistedplanning and tailoring ofresponse activities in line with the everchanging ground situation(3) Assisted in resource mobilization(4) Coordinate sustained relief and recoveryefforts; and share information with allorganizations for a common and clearpicture3.2.4. Coordination &Monitoring:TheNDMA deployed its officers in the affecteddistricts for facilitation. In spite of damaged roadinfrastructure,the Authority effectively mobilizedrelief items for the affected population. Theofficers so deployed, successfully coordinated therelief efforts with the District Authorities for theaffected Districts, monitored the relief convoys32 Annual Report 2011Chapter 3

www.ndma.gov.pkResponding to Disasters: A Year in a Retrospectand over saw their timely distribution. Theseofficers also shared / provided the correct pictureand much needed information with the Authorityfor effective response. Subsequently, these officersplayed a pivotal role in on ground coordinationwith the UN and other implementing partners.3.2.5. Tele-Healthcare Services:The NDMA launched Pakistan's first telehealthcaremobile unit in September, 2011 toattend to the flood affected areas in Badin, TandoMohammad Khan and Mirpur Khas districts.Speaker National Assembly Dr. Fehmida Mirzainaugurated the pilot project in Badin.were sponsored by AMAN Foundation; and, werefully equipped with vehicles sporting top-of-thelinebiometric devices which streamed live video,and audio through wireless broadband or EDGEbasedmobile internet to a specialist facility for thediagnosis of ENT, dental and skin diseases.3.3. Rapid Response PlanThe NDMA, in collaboration with UNOCHA,undertook a joint rapid needs assessment in thedistressed districts of Sindh and Balochistan onSeptember18, 2011. Information from the jointrapid needs assessment formed the basis of theRapid Response Plan Pakistan Floods 2011. TheThese centres boasted live-videoconsultation, medical equipmentand call centers operating 24/7 ontoll-free numbers. Each unitcomprised of 2 medical doctorsassisted by 2 paramedics. Whererequired, calls would beforwarded to the specialists inKarachi. The centers had thefacility to maintain medicalrecords for future references.Thepatients were issued medicalnumbers by hand and/or viamobile phones. The systemtreated more than 200 patients ondaily basis during the length of2011 floods. The facility is stilloperational at Badin.3.2.6. TelemedicineMobile UnitsTo provide timely and swiftmedical advice to the floodaffectees in Sindh, the NDMAprovided state-of-the-arttelemedicine mobile units. Thefacility was inaugurated at PressClub, Karachi by the members ofparliamentary committee on theflood relief. The mobile unitsChapter 3e-Health services one of NDMA’s major concernsAnnual Report 2011 33

Responding to Disasters: A Year in a Retrospectwww.ndma.gov.pkplan envisaged interventions in areas of foodsecurity, shelter / non-food items, health, water &sanitation and hygiene.The Rapid Response Plan sought USD 356.7Million to enable the UN agencies and theirimplementing partners to support theGovernment of Pakistan in addressing the needs ofdisaster-stricken families for six months. As ofDecember, 31st, 2011, over USD 174 Million hadbeen pledged to the humanitarian communitywhich accounted for nearly 46 percent of therequested amount in the Rapid Response Plan for2011 floods.3.3.1.The UN and HumanitarianAssistanceUN organizations and NGOs have been providinglife-saving emergency assistance to flood-affectedcommunities in response to the appeal by theGovernment of Pakistan.As of December 31, 2011, more than three millionpeople received food assistance, and nearly 21,000families benefited from agricultural support.Around 379,000 medical consultations wererecorded and medicines, including life-saving andchronic disease drugs, were provided to 950,000people. To support education 1959 temporarylearning centres were set up supporting over92,000 children. Over 1.2 Million people wereassisted with potable water, while an estimated480,000 people were provided with sanitationfacilities and over 1.5 Million people with hygienesessions.For the shelter requirements, there has beenextensive consultations by the NDMA with the UNpartners for adding resilience components to thetemporary shelters. The idea of such valueaddition was to enhance the durability and strengthof the structure so as to sustain few more events ofthe kind. The concepts so discussed embarkedupon clubbing the shelter and wash activitiestogether to cater for the issues of safe living andsocial protection. The specifications of suchshelters having provision for project facilities werefinalized but lack of funding was an impediment toimplement the plan.3.3.2. Support from InternationalCommunityThe NDMA and the Government of Pakistanrecognise and appreciate the generous support ofthe countries whose valuable and timely supportMedical services provided to the affectees34 Annual Report 2011Chapter 3

www.ndma.gov.pkResponding to Disasters: A Year in a RetrospectTable 3.2: Highlights of sector-wise damages along with the total cost of reconstruction.S.No.Country Date No. ofFlightsItemsRemarks1. China 22 & 24 September,20119 7000 tents2. Turkey 24 September, 2011 1 250 tents,12 tons medicines3. Korea 23 & 24 September,20114. Egypt 26 & 28 September,20112 100 tents, 7110 blankets & 3300Aqua Tablets2 110 tents and 2000 blankets.& 2.9 ton medicinesAll foreignassistance wasreceived directlyby PDMA Sindhfor furtherdistribution to rain/ flood affecteddistricts5.France 25 September, 2011 1 200 tents, 540 blankets, 16tarpaulins, 168 kitchen sets, 900 jerrycans, 05 water pumps, 10 water tanks6. Russia 6 & 11 October,2011Total Flights 17Source: NDMATable 3.3: Estimate of Total Damage Costs by SectorSector1. Social Infrastructure2 280 tents, 2800 blanket s, 10 motorpumps, 12 water purifiers, 200 boxesof sugar, 200 boxes o f rice and 600boxes of canned fishHousing 77,420 8,046 85,465 982Health 432 826 1,258 14Education 10,157 1,856 12,014 138Subtotal 88,009 10,728 98,737 1,1352. Physical InfrastructureIrrigation and Flood Management 4,763 4,763 55Transport and Communications 16,386 10,082 26,468 304Water Supply and Sanitation 500 704 1,204 14Energy 457 783 1,240 14Subtotal 22,106 11,569 33,674 3873. Economic SectorDirect Damages (PKRMillion)Indirect Damages (PRKMillions)Total DamagesPRKMillionsAgriculture, Livestock, Fisheries 142,358 17,749 160,107 1,840Private Sector, Industries, Financial 22,694 4,560 27,254 313SectorSocial and Gender 39 5 44 1USDMillionsSubtotal 165,091 22,313 187,405 2,154Total 279,540 44,992 324,533 3,730Source: DNA report 2011Chapter 3Annual Report 2011 35

Responding to Disasters: A Year in a Retrospectwww.ndma.gov.pkTable 3.4: Estimate Damage and Reconstruction Costs by Province/AreaProvince Damage Costs Reconstruction Option 1PKR Million USD Million PKR Million USD MillionSindh 310,776 3,572 219,618 2,524Balochistan 12,356 142 6,035 69Federal / Cross Cutting1,405 16 13,353 153SectorsNational Total 324,533 3,730 239,011 2,747Source: DNA report 20113.4. Other Distastes During theYear3.4.1. Balochistan EarthquakeAn earthquake, measuring 7.3 on the Richter scale,was recorded at 01:23 PM on 19th January, 2011.The epicentre was located 150 kilometresnorthwest of Kharan, Balochistan. All provincesand the neighbouring countries experienced thetremors. Immediately after the earthquake, thePDMA Balochistan started to determine thedetails of the damages. No deaths were reported,however, 250 houses were partially damaged inDalbadin and Nok Kundi of district Kharan.The NDMA immediately responded to theincident and dispatched relief goods foremergency response to the affected people. Therelief dispatch included 300 Tents, 780 cartons ofReady to Eat Meals (REMs), 10 cartons ofmedicines and 7000 blankets.The NDMA requested Pakistan Space and UpperAtmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO)to provide satellite imagery of the affected areas toidentify the quake-hit locations and spot any ongoingseismic activity. In addition, a coordinatedaerial reconnaissance was undertaken on January19th to assess the damages. The NDMA andPDMA Balochistan also launched an on-grounddamage and needs assessment. The NDMAcoordinated with armed forces and provincialauthorities for any unforeseen situations.3.4.2. Flash Flood - District Kohistan,Khyber PakhtunKhwaThe torrential rains in district Kohistan, KPresulted in a flash flood on August 24th, 2011. Theflooding caused serious human and property36 Annual Report 2011Chapter 3

www.ndma.gov.pkResponding to Disasters: A Year in a Retrospectdamages. Furthermore, the flood resulted in amassive landslide in Gabryal/Trang village, causingfurther destruction in the area. The incidentresulted in 62 deaths (18 men, 22 women and 22children) and complete destruction of 68 houses.The NDMA immediately launched operation atKohistan to provide timely relief and rescue to theflood affected area.The NDMA provided two helicopters for searchand rescue operations in a timely manner tofacilitate local authorities in those difficult terrains.The NDMA also constituted a team of experts toassess and ensure effective and efficientmonitoring and coordination in the flood affectedarea. The NDMA in coordination with itshumanitarian partners successfully completed theprovision of winterized shelters for displacedpeople well before the winter season.3.4.3. Mudslide - Village Talis nearSkarduImmediately after the incident, Gilgit BaltistanDisaster Management Authority (GBDMA),district authorities and local military unitsapproached the area with relief assistance (shelter,food and medicine) to the affected. On the requestof Government of Gilgit Baltistan, the NDMAimmediately provided all the necessary relief itemsto GBDMA for further distribution amongstaffected population. A delegation headed by theChairman NDMA visited the site soon after theincident and took cognizance of the situation forimmediate relief and recovery support.The locals appreciated the efforts of the NDMAand GBDMA, and requested for reconstruction ofhouses before the onset of winter. The NDMAinitiated the setup of emergency winterized sheltersand latrines. UNHABITAT, IOM, PRCS andWFP provided assistance in the relief efforts. Theproject was completed within two months of itsinception.On July 30th, 2011, a devastating mudslide, due toglacial lake outburst flood (GLOF), ravagedthrough Talis village in district Ghanche, GB. Theflood not only destroyed more than 130 houses, italso caused severe damage to the crops andinfrastructure including buildings, water channels,road network and power supply.Chapter 3Annual Report 2011 37

Responding to Disasters: A Year in a Retrospectwww.ndma.gov.pkTable 3.5: Floods 2010: Sector wise Summary of DamagesS. No. Name of Sectors Damages Cost (US $M)1. Housing 1.6 Million 1,5882. Education Facilities 10,436 No 3113. Health Facilities 515 No 504. Communication 25,088 Km 1,3285. Water & Sanitation Schemes 6,841 1096. Energy 92 Plants, 32 Grids, 3000 km line 3097. Irrigation Channels Irrigation Channels 2788. Agriculture Land & Livestock 2.1 m Hector Land, 1.5 m livestock 5,0459. Private Sector 146 industries, 0.1 m Hotels / 282Shops10. Financial Sector 90 Banks, 10 ATMs 67411. Governance & Environment 1457 Structures 82Source: Pakistan Flood 2010, Damage and Need Assessment Report of World Bank total USD 10.056Millions3.5. Early Recovery Floods 2010After the success of response phase, the NDMAinitiated Early Recovery phase in February 2011 in29 severely affected districts. The focus was shiftedto early recovery with an aim to temporarily restoreshelters, services, livelihood and communityinfrastructure.To kick-start the project, an assessment of EarlyRecovery Needs was carried out. This coveredeight key sectors namely Food & Agriculture,Housing, Health & Nutrition , Education, Water,Sanitation and Hygiene, Governance, Non-farmlivelihood and Community physical infrastructure,and four cross cutting thematic areas of Protection,Gender, Environment and Disaster RiskReduction.Humanitarian organizations assisted in theassessment which provided basis for the earlyrecovery. It was based on the mapping and gapanalysis carried out by each of the sector/thematicgroups. The total prioritized needs for earlyrecovery were estimated at USD 1195.38 Million(USD 1.2 Billion). Early recovery cumulativeresponse up to December, 2011 was USD1,018.50 Million(1.0 Billion), leaving an overallfunding gap of USD 176.71 Million. However,there were significant variations across sectors/thematic areas and provinces. The early recoveryphase of the Floods 2010 was accomplished onDecember 31, 2011.3.5.1. Early Recovery Interventions -Key Sectors and Thematic AreasNational Disaster Management Authorityundertook a number of early recoveryinterventions in the area hit by Flood 2010. TheNDMA's initiative of early recovery interventionswere impeded by the onset of Floods 2011. TheNDMA was forced to attend to both EmergencyResponse and Early Recovery phases. At someplaces, the Emergency Response, due to theunanticipated floods, overshadowed the EarlyRecovery phase. However, despite the overlap ofthe two calamities, the NDMA was able toaccomplish most of the tasks beforetime. Thisallowed undivided attention to those flood-hitareas on the either side of Indus River that were notprone to this ordeal.38 Annual Report 2011Chapter 3

www.ndma.gov.pkResponding to Disasters: A Year in a RetrospectTable 3.6: Activity and financial details of all the interventions undertaken by the NDMA, in collaborationwith the PDMAs and humanitarian organizations:-S.NO. Sector Beneficiaries / Interventions Amount1. Agriculture & Food 2.44 million (Food Security)US$ 125.03 MillionSecurity442,233 (Agriculture Support)2. Housing 611,229 (Houses/Shelters) US$ 283.48 Million3. Health & Nutrition 5.57 Million children screened1.73 Million pregnant women screened4. Water & Sanitation 154,600 households5 Million WaterOver 8 Million Hygiene3 .5 Million Sanitation5. Education 1.3 Million485,479 Females809,509 MalesUS$ 60.55 MillionUS$ 62.80 MillionUS$ 139.80 Million6. Governance Over 4000 US$ 6.00 Million7. Non-Farm Livelihoods 29 severely flood effected districts. US$ 22.00 Million8. Community PhysicalInfrastructure1.5 Million US$ 7.58 Million9. Disaster Risk Reduction DRM measures incorporated over 63,000transitional sheltersVarious Training events10 Environment 2.32 Million Plants50,000 building debris landslides, erodingtreated 346 sites providing safety to about48,000 peoples11. Gender 124 Gender Response ProjectsEstablishment of Women desks in PDMAsgender Tools developed12. Protection Child Protection351,970 legal & documentationAssistance to thousands of affected peoplethrough 25 protection advisory centers.US$ 2.99 MillionUS$ 7.03 MillionUS$ 0.05 MillionUS$ 29.87 MillionSource: Early Recovery Report 2010Chapter 3Annual Report 2011 39

Responding to Disasters: A Year in a Retrospectwww.ndma.gov.pk3.5.2. Challenges FacedEarly recovery needs were reasonably met. In fact,the most impressive results were seen in education,agriculture, housing, non-farm livelihood,community physical infrastructure and protection.By contrast, progress in governance interventionswas limited. A common challenge faced by allsectors and thematic areas was to cope with theonset of Floods 2011; the calamity overlapped theEarly Recovery Phase of the Floods 2010.Other challenges included lack of capacity, poorcoordination, difficulties in dealing with localcommunities (e.g. lack of awareness about issuessuch as nutrition and hygiene), and lack of funds.Some of the challenges faced by individual workinggroups are listed below:Financial data was not available due to lackof a financial tracking systemPunjab provincial interaction was held updue to the dengue epidemicFloods 2011 made it difficult to mobilizenew funds for Floods 2010 Recovery phaseAvailability of skilled labour, especially inthe harvest season was scarce in the nonfloodedareasAgencies engaged in the emergency phasewere less responsive to early recoverycoordinationThere was difficulty in coordinationbetween different units at district,provincial and national levels due to lack ofcapacity of local staff; and adverse weatherconditions such as the 2011 monsoon3.5.3. Attabad Lake, Gojal, GilgitBaltistanAttabad Lake crisis which resulted in blockade ofHunza River due to massive landslide on January4, 2010 kept the NDMA engaged during the year2011. Distribution of relief, including cashdisbursement through WATAN Card, wascompleted in June 2011. The NDMA alsocoordinated the deployment of an AviationSquadron from January to July 2011. The NDMA,in collaboration with the Chinese Embassy, alsocoordinated the aerial provision of relief items tothe population.The details of relief items provided by ChineseGovernment to the affected in 2011 are listedbelow:Table 3.7: Detail of Relief Items DistributedAmong the AffecteesS.No Specifications Quantity(ton)1. Flour 25kg/package 16202. Cooking Oil 1803. Rice 25kg/package 8104. Milk Powder 25kg/package 305. Salt 50kg/package 306. Sugar 50kg/package 2107. Coal 5058. Oil/Diesel 50Total 3435Chairman NDMA being briefed at Attabad lake situation40 Annual Report 2011Chapter 3

www.ndma.gov.pkResponding to Disasters: A Year in a RetrospectRemoval of the blockade through explosion was notpossible due to danger of similar landslides. Basedon the opinion obtained from various technicalexperts and agencies, option of construction ofspillway to reduce the lake level was adopted during2010.Between October 2010 and May 2011, FWOrecommenced work on the spillway and managed toTable 3.8Depth of LakeVolume of waterArea inundatedSpill way heightBridges affectedKKHTable 3.9: International Aid ReceivedGovernment of Russian FederationNATO & Government of Republic of TurkeyRepublic of KazakhstanGovernment of Royal Kingdom of ThailandGovernment of Republic of ChinaCARITAS International DelegationGovernment of JapanDanish GovernmentGovernment of KoreaGovernment of Republic of TurkeyGovernment of FranceGovernment of EgyptGovernment of Russian FederationGovernment of IranInternati onal Aid Extended by PakistanSri LankaJapanRepublic of TurkeySource: NDMAChapter 3deepen it by 4 meters. During May 2011 to 0ctober2011 FWO continued to work on flattening the sideslopes of the spillway. FWO had planned to deepenthe spillway by another 16 meter during October2011 to May 2012. Approximately 37% of the earthwork has been completed and the remaining isplanned to be completed by May 2012.The table below depicts the prevailing situation twoyears after the historic landslide:358 feet3 Million acre feet25 Km (village Ain abad 100% under water, Shishket village 75% under water,Gulmit and Hussaini villages are 15% under water.Varying from 130 meters to 200 metersRCC Bridge from Shishkat to Gulmit,Hussaini Bridge,Under construction RCC bridge from Shiskat to GulmitSuspension Bridge Zarabad at Gulmit25 Kilometres submerged/damagedWound healing gels, 3500 medical gauzes, 400 tents and 21,582 meals ready to eatfor flood affected.Common funded logistic support bridge for restoring the damaged communicationlinks in district Swat2.6 Million cans of meat, 30 tons of rice and 2000 family tents20,000 metric tons of rice for the flood affectedUSD 50,000, 7000 tents and relief items for flood affected. China has also promisedto extend further aid of USD 4.7 Million for the flood 2011 ravaged areasRs. 1,000,0000 to pursue promotion of DRM training and awarenessProvided emergency relief goods, including 3,500 tents and 1,006,900 waterpurification tablets.Promised $US 55,000 as flood relief donation for the flood affected.Blankets and tents for flood 2011 ravaged areas of SindhBulk of medicines for the flood 2011 affected.Tents, water purification station, medicines and potable water bottles for floodaffected2000 blankets, 120 tents, 68 Boxes & 2 Cartons of medicines for the flood affected.More than 140, Over 1400 Tents, 5 motor pumps, 6 water filters, dewatering pumps,water purifiers, and food items including 300 boxes of canned fish, 100 bags of riceand 100 sugar bagsExpressed willingness to construct houses, hospitals and schools in the flood affectedareas with a financial input of USD 100 MillionRelief goods for the flood affected individuals including 300 tents and 1000 blanketsIn wake of the devastating tsunami NDMA provided 24 metric tons of urgentlyneeded food items including 13.5 tons of high energy biscuits, 9 tons (7200 liters) ofmilk and 1.5 tons (500 bottles) of clean drinking water440 tents for the quake victimsAnnual Report 2011 41

Responding to Disasters: A Year in a Retrospectwww.ndma.gov.pk3.5.4. International AidNDMA acknowledges the efforts and invaluableassistance extended byfriendly countries /organizations. The support provided by thesecountries was focused and timely that augmentedthe government's response.Despite coping with the disasters during 2011, theNDMA did not forget assistance to other affectedcountries. Following is the detail of the assistancereceived and provided by Pakistan during the year:3.6. Operational Support Services3.6.1. Human Resource Management:Keeping in view the magnitudes of disasters in therecent history, the NDMA requested forenhancement in its human resource capacity anddemanded for additional positions to ensure theachievement of its objectives in a timely manner. Atotal of 23 new posts were created, thus bringing thetotal to 134 (both officers and staff members).This enhancement in the human resource helpedin improving upon the efficiency/performance ofthe Authority putting in place a better knowledgemanagement, help in development andimplementation of Standard OperatingProcedures and timely provision of services andadministrative support.training courses during 2011, compared to 44 inthe preceding year.Pakistan in the past year, already recovering fromthe devastating floods of 2010, was confronted withmajor natural calamities; nonetheless NDMA withits limited resources was able to respond to thesedisasters in an efficient and effective manner.NDMA and humanitarian community performedreasonably well in early recovery of the peopleaffected by the floods 2010. The resources, bothhuman and financial, allocated for the on-goingflood response were stretched to accommodaterescue and relief needs for Floods 2011.It would not have been possible for NDMA torespond to multiple challenges without the supportand collaboration of the humanitarian communityincluding UN agencies, local and internationalNGOs, philanthropist and civil societyorganizations. Due to the effective humanitarianresponse many human lives were saved, epidemicswere controlled and millions of survivors wereprovided with food, shelter and other basicfacilities.Based on the experience of disaster response,recovery and rehabilitation, the NDMA recognizesthe need of Disaster Risk Reduction. DRR is aneffective way to mitigate disaster risk and eventualcosts to society and economy.3.6.2. Human Resource Development:Capacity building of officials dealing with disastersat national, provincial and local levels remains onNDMA's priority agenda. DRM officials at all tiersare offered local as well as international trainingopportunities for professional skill enhancement.These trainings are offered to the officials ofProvincial Disaster Management Authorities(PDMAs), District Disaster ManagementAuthorities (DDMAs) and other relevantorganizations.Details of the Training Courses availed are given atAnnex. In total some 81 officers availed foreign42 Annual Report 2011Chapter 3

www.ndma.gov.pkDetails of Trainings availed during 2011Responding to Disasters: A Year in a RetrospectAnnexS.No Type of Training Organization Venue Officers1 PEER Regional Planning Meeting MCE Philippines 12 Regional Training of Trainers on DRM &CCMA. NDMA Korea 13 US Army Central Regional Civil Military OperationsSymposium.NDMA/FDMA Jordan 44 IAP Meeting. NDMA Indonesia 15 US Army Global Civil Military Emergency PreparednessExercise.NDMA/FDMA/PDMAs, Sibdh,Balochistan & GBDMA.USA 86 IOM workshop on Climate Change, EnvironmentalDegradation & Migration.NDMA Geneva 17 Visit to National Weather Centre. NDMA USA 18 EMME General Assembly. NDMA Jordan 19 Cash & Voucher Programming. NDMA Thailand 110 FIU DRR Program. PDMA, KPK USA 211 National Visitor Program. NDMA USA 212 PEER Regional Planning Meeting NDMA Philippine 113 SAARC Regional Training Workshop for Development ofFramework on needs of Children.PDMA, Balochistan, NDMA India 214 2nd NIDM UN- SPIDER Workshop on Space Technology. SUPARCO, Karachi India 115 National Visitor Program on Natural Disaster Management andCommunication.PDMA, Punjab, GBDMA, GB andFDMA, KPK.USA 316 DRR CCA Training. PDMA, Balochistan & FDMA, KPK. SouthKorea217 Infrastructure Planning & Design Course. Karakorum International University, Gilgitand UET, Karachi.Japan 318 Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction. NDMA Geneva 119 The Asian Conference on Disaster Reduction, 2011. NDMA Sri lanka 120 Training Program on Environment Agency England & WalesCommonwealth Professional.NDMA UK 121 ADRC Visiting Researcher Program 2011. GSP, Peshawar. Nepal 122 Table Top Exercise for the Mobile Diagnostic Unit. NDMA Turkey 123 Program for Security Stability, Transition & Reconstruction. NDMA, SDMA, Muzaffarabad. Germany 224 5-Day Study-cum Exposure Visit. NDMA Thailand 225 Regional Training Workshop on Establishing Disaster LossDatabase.NDMA Thailand 226 Singapore Commonwealth Third Country Training Program. NDMA Singapore 127 South Asian Regional Training Program on Earthquake RiskMitigation.Chapter 3GSP, IslamabadUniversity of Peshawar.India 4Annual Report 2011 43

Responding to Disasters: A Year in a Retrospectwww.ndma.gov.pk28 Regional Training Program on Earthquake Risk Mitigation for SAARC. UET, Peshawar. India 129 Training Program on Geo-informatics in Disaster Management, India. GSP, Lahore. India 330 Plaeotsunami Workshop in Banda Aceh for Pakistani Scientists. PDMA, Balochistan. Indonesia 131 2nd ISDR Asia Partnership (IAP) Program. NDMA Thailand 132 Anti-Terrorism Assistance Program DCO, Muzaffargarh, Universityof PeshawarUSA 233 ECO Regional Conference on Capacity Building for Disaster Risk Reduction. NDMA Afghanistan 134 Community Based Disaster Risk Management. FDMA, Peshawar Japan 135 Group Training on Rescue Techniques. PDMA, Balochistan Japan 136 Disaster Preparedness. NDMA Tajikistan 137 Model Act Expert Meeting. NDMA Malaysia 138 Regional Humanitarian Diplomacy. NDMA Maldives 139 6th Meeting of the Governing Board of the SDMC. One UN DRM, Islamabad India 140 International Urban Search & Rescue Training. PES (Rescue 1122), Lahore. Singapore 141 Wilton Park Conference. NDMA Switzerland 142 7th Meeting of the Advisory Panel of the RCC Program. NDMA Thailand 143 Training on Post Disaster Need Assessment. P&D Division,Bangladesh 2P&D Department, Muzaffarabad.44 SAARC Regional Training Program on Incident Command System AC, Gilgit Srilanka 145 Expert Group Meeting on Development of Regional Protocol on Early WarningSystem on Cyclones and Tsunamis.NSM & TEWC, Karachi India 246 9th Meeting of the Regional Consultative Committee on Disaster Management. NDMA Cambodia 147 International Disaster Management Program. NDMA Singapore 148 International Workshop on Risk Management . NDMA Indonesia 149 Training Program on Management of Flood Control and Disaster Mitigation. WAPDA, Sukkur. China 150 Regional Practioners Workshop on Economic Recovery. NDMA Thailand 151 Expert Group Meeting on Seismic Hazard Assessment. SPD, Islamabad India 152 Wilton Park Meeting on Disaster Risk Reduction. NDMA Bangkok 1Total Trained Officials 81Source: NDMA44 Annual Report 2011Chapter 3

NChapter4DMAAchievements, Challenges& Looking Ahead

www.ndma.gov.pkResponding Achievements, to Disasters: Challenges A Year & Looking a Retrospect AheadAchievements, Challenges & Looking Ahead4.1. AchievementsWhile the ravages of the disastrous floods of 2010were still apparent, the 2011 monsoon season,starting with a normal rain pattern, intensified from10 August onwards and triggered severe flooding invarious regions of the country, most significantly inSindh and Balochistan. In the worst-hit areas,extensive rain poured in a matter of few hours andcontinued for weeks and weeks with little or nopause.Floods 2011 posed a serious challenge for theNDMA, as at that time it was involved instreamlining Early Recovery initiatives for the 2010affected people. The situation called for a multiprongedstrategy, whereby a robust response andrelief effort had to be mounted withoutcompromising the continuity and efficacy of earlyrecovery initiatives.Despite resource constraints, the NDMA was ableto formulate and implement an immediate reliefand response campaign for the 2011 flood-hitareas. The relief and response operation wasefficiently conducted. The work on Early RecoveryFramework for Floods 2011 and MonsoonContingency Plan for 2012 also continued intandem, which kept the NDMA fully engrossed atthe headquarters and field throughout the year.The reporting year 2011, despite multiplechallenges, was marked with a number ofsignificant institutional achievements. Theimportant ones are as follows:4.1.1. Political Support andOwnership:NDMA being a relatively new institution was ableto seek strong political patronage and institutionalsupport by the state machinery. It is worthmentioning that in the past two years the NDMAreceived remarkable support and guidance from1.UNDP Early Recovery ReportChapter 4the legislature and executive arms of the state.In the aftermath of Floods 2011, the PrimeMinister not only approved the action planpresented by the NDMA but also constituted acommittee of the Parliamentarians to support itsefforts. The committee was mandated tostrengthen political linkages with the provincialleadership and provide oversight and guidance tothe NDMA towards effective disaster responseduring monsoon floods 2011.The committee comprised the followingmembers:a. Senator Syed Nayyar Hussain Bokharib. Mr. Raja Pervez Ashraf, MNAc. Ch. Qamar Zaman Kaira, MNAd. Mr. Nazar Muhammad Gondal, MNAe. Ms. Nargis Sethi, Secretary, CabinetDivision (Co-opted member)The Committee held a number of meetings withthe provincial governments and relevantstakeholders with a view to synchronize integrateddisaster response from Federal and ProvincialGovernments. The Committee visited the disasteraffectedareas several times to get a feel of theground realities. The committee was accompaniedby the representatives of internationalhumanitarian community and national /international media.4.1.2. Early Recovery-LegacyAfter the massive destruction of overallinfrastructure in Flood 2010, the NDMAsuccessfully implemented Early Recoveryinterventions during the year aiming at temporaryrestoration of shelter, public services, livelihood,and community infrastructure. Early Recovery forFlood 2010 commenced in Jan 2011 andcontinued until the end of the year. The overallearly recovery response was successful as nearly185% of critical and prioritized needs were met.Annual Report 2011 12 47

Achievements, Challenges & Looking Aheadwww.ndma.gov.pkThe overall effectiveness and efficiency of the earlyrecovery response was expanded largely throughcoordination and problem-solving efforts by theNDMA and PDMAs.The most impressive results were seen ineducation, agriculture, housing, non-farmlivelihoods, community physical infrastructure andsocial protection. Timely interventions by thegovernment and UN agencies in agriculture sectorsresulted in the production of bumper crop ofwheat. An achievement of the early recovery 2010is the successful introduction of sunflower to thefarmers. The crop brings in better revenues thanthe traditional crops and has huge potential tosubstitute the large import bill that the economyhas to pay for the edible oil.4.1.3. Moving from Response toPreparedness:Aligned with the commitment of politicalleadership to build disaster resilient Pakistan; theNDMA undertook the challenge of working onresilience building policy interventions at thenational level. The NDMA realized that it is vital topromote priority measures to ameliorate alreadyexisting vulnerabilities to hazards; and takeimportant measures to ensure future developmentprocesses and programs. Some of the importantvulnerabilities chalked down were food, shelter,livelihood, medicine and health & sanitation.In this connection, the NDMA initiated theprocess of policy formulation on disaster riskreduction, preparedness and mitigation inOctober 2011. The policy aims at providing aframework to reinforce resilience to natural andmanmade hazards with urgency, and create a solidbase to address disaster risk reduction invulnerable areas.4.1.4. Planning for Future: NationalDisaster Management PlanEffective planning for future with focus onpreparedness and risk reduction is a decisive factorin effectively managing and responding todisasters. Taking cognizance of the needs ofmanaging future disasters, the NDMA startedformulation of a ten-year National DisasterManagement Plan (NDMP) 2012-22 withtechnical assistance and support fromGovernment of Japan. The main purpose ofNDMP is to identify necessary interventions forpublic sector investment during the next ten years.The emphasis remains on vulnerability and riskassessment, early warning system and humanresource development.4.1.5. Participatory PlanningDuring 2011, stakeholder consultation remainedthe cornerstone of the NDMA's bottom-upapproach for planning, implementation andmonitoring of the interventions and activities. Theparticipation of provincial and regionalgovernments, and the stakeholders in the directionand operation of DRM system added value to theNDMA's work. For this purpose, the NDMAadopted a consultative approach for identifyingDRM needs of the regions. This would also ensureownership and partnership of the provincial andregional governments. A series of consultativesessions were organized in provinces and regions.The consultations aimed at identifying local DRMneeds and initiating multi-hazard contingencyplanning with particular focus on MonsoonContingency Planning. The sessions also includeddeliberations on gender mainstreaming into DRMand resource mobilization for identified needs.The consultations were attended by officials fromfederal and provincial governments, donors, UNagencies, NGOs, iNGOs, civil societyorganizations, academia and media. The processhelped the NDMA in preparing Annual WorkPlan of One UN DRM Joint Programme 2012;Monsoon Contingency Plan 2012; DRM NeedsReport; and mainstreaming DRR and DRM intosocial protection.4.1.6. Gender NeedsNeed for awareness raising on specific needs andconcerns of women, children, elderly and people48 Annual Report 2011Chapter 4

www.ndma.gov.pkResponding Achievements, to Disasters: Challenges A Year & Looking a Retrospect Aheadwith special abilities during various phases ofhumanitarian response remained a challenge.However, the NDMA and PDMAs succeeded increating an institutional environment that has theflexibility and leadership to create greater impact inthe near future. The NDMA initiated policyformulation on gender equality and childprotection. This would feed into formulatingnational policy on social protection.Furthermore, the NDMA urged the humanitariancommunity and other relevant stakeholders toincorporate gender and social protection concernsinto relief and recovery interventions. The NDMAincorporated women, widows, elderly persons,persons with special abilities and other socialdemographics into DRR policy.4.1.7. Disaster Risk Insurance:Financial constraints in rehabilitation andreconstruction efforts by the government makespeople rely on charities and donations by thedonors and philanthropists thus creating adespondency syndrome within the affectedcommunities.To strengthen the coping mechanism ofcommunities in post-disaster situations, theNDMA is working to introduce a concept ofdisaster risk insurance for disaster-pronecommunities, which aims at helping people tomanage the post-disaster damages. The programwould be managed by an independent board ofprivate philanthropist and representatives of thecorporate sector.4.1.8. Strengthened DRM CoordinationBeing a national platform for disastermanagement, it is important to strengthencoordination between disaster managementinstitutions at all tiers. In this context, the NDMAinitiated process of ownership building amongDRM institutions through improved coordination,consultation and linkages both vertically andhorizontally. For the first time, civilian responseChapter 4was mobilized through institutionalizedframework at provincial as well as district levels, asenvisioned in the National Disaster ManagementAct, 2010. At the local-level the response wasprimarily led by the DDMAs supported byPDMAs under the overall guidance of the NDMA.The DDMAs were free to co-opt other disastermanagement support organizations including thedeployment of troops from the Armed Forces.The exercise was useful in terms of strengtheningcoordination amongst all stakeholders.4.1.9. Technological InnovationsAppropriate and timely usage of technology cannot only help avert disasters but also help to coverthe disastrous effects of a calamity. The NDMA inrecent disasters used technology to augment itsresponse. The significance of these initiativesincluded introduction of tele-health services andsolar solution on energy efficiency.The NDMA launched Pakistan's first tele-healthmobile units in Badin, Tando Mohammad Khanand Mirpur Khas in Sindh to provide healthcareservices. The facility is operational in Badin,providing consultation to the communities fromrenowned specialist at Dow Medical University,Karachi.The NDMA in collaboration with UNDPintroduced an innovated technology by initiating ajoint pilot project with Wetlands ProgrammePakistan (WPP) for the installation of solar waterpumps and streetlights for District Muzaffargarh.In this regard, the NDMA organized a series ofconsultative meetings with district government,line departments, implementing partners and localcommunities. This is one of the uniqueinterventions of NDMA to address the wide spreadelectricity shortage and energy shortfall in districtMuzaffargarh. The NDMA plans to scale up thisinitiative after its successful implementation andassessment of the initial results.Annual Report 2011 12 49

Achievements, Challenges & Looking Aheadwww.ndma.gov.pk4.1.10. Assistance to FriendlyCountriesWhile managing the disasters of 2010 and 2011,the NDMA did not forget assistance to otheraffected countries. During 2011 the followingassistance was sent:Sri Lanka in Jan 2011 for the flood afflictedJapan in March 2011 to supportTsunami/Earthquake affected peopleTurkey in November 2011 to assist in earlyresponse and rehabilitation due to theearthquakeThis positive step resulted in strengtheningdiplomatic ties with the international communityand projected Pakistan's image at internationalfora.4.1.12. Supply Chain ManagementFor the first time the NDMA went into theprocurement and distribution of the relief goods.Procurement was done at the national level to meetthe demands raised by the provinces. Theconsignments were supplied directly to the districtgovernments to save time. This would require anintricate supply chain ensuring timely distributionof relief goods meeting the desired qualitystandards.4.1.13. Stockpiling:It is one of the major functions of DRM institutionsin the country. While the PDMAs manage theirown stockpile keeping in view their expectedneeds, the NDMA builds up strategic reserves atthe national level to cope with any unforeseenevents.4.1.14. Construction of Warehouses:In order to augment the logistic capacity, theNDMA managed to mobilize resources throughWFP for establishing nine major warehousesacross the country. The project is likely to becompleted in 2013. These warehouses wouldensure effective disaster response by way of upscalingpreparedness level with respect tostockpiling a range of emergency relief goods.4.2. ChallengesThe NDMA remained committed throughout theyear 2011 as the organization had not only theaftermath of 2010 floods to manage but also theunprecedented monsoon Floods 2011. Some ofthe major challenges NDMA faced during the year2011 included the following:4.2.1. Knowledge MappingPakistan has rich knowledge and experience in thefield of disaster management both at institutionaland local level. The institutions like Global ChangeImpact Studies Centre (GCISC), PakistanMeteorological Department (PMD), FederalFlood Commission (FFC), Water and PowerDevelopment Authority (WAPDA), GeologicalSurvey of Pakistan (GSP), Pakistan Space andUpper Atmosphere Research Commission(SUPARCO), Earthquake Study Center,Universities, iNGOs, NGOs, UN agencies, IFIs,DFIs and research entities house most of theknowledge. Mapping of this wealth of knowledgeand collation of data for planning and decisionsupport remain a challenge, as there is no commonportal / platform hosting all this information for itsutilization at the fullest.4.2.2. Vulnerability and Risk AtlasMulti-Hazard Vulnerability and Risk Assessmentsare the core tools that put together all scientific datarelating to hazards and local vulnerabilities in agiven geographic location. Pakistan does not haveany such assessment tool at national, provincialand district levels. This information is particularlyuseful to create awareness and align policies, plans,strategies, and interventions. Compilation ofdistrict-based risk atlas is the need of the time.4.2.3. Resource ConstraintsLack of resources has always been a challenge forinvestment in disaster management preparedness,50 Annual Report 2011Chapter 4

www.ndma.gov.pkResponding Achievements, to Disasters: Challenges A Year & Looking a Retrospect Aheadmitigation and risk reduction. This has hamperedthe process of putting in place necessary measuresto minimize disaster risks and reduce their impactson life and property. DRM financing during theyear remained response centric; thereby causingpanic in resource generation and its linkage withprocurement and supply chain managementduring the disaster period. During response phase,most of the resources are maintained byorganizations like armed forces and selectedemergency services. There is a need to strengtheninstitutional capacity of disaster managementinstitutions with a view to provide timely andeffective response within their institutionalarrangements as mandated under law.The operational requirement of DRM institutionsremained unfulfilled in terms of availability ofrequisite stores, supplies and equipment.Insufficient logistic support and inadequatetransportation / communication arrangementsposed a serious challenge to successful fieldoperations during the year.Annual financial allocations to the NDMA andPDMAs are insufficient and limited only to theirbare minimum recurring costs. Besides initial seedmoney, there is no regular annual allocation forNational Disaster Management Fund (NDMF).Likewise, PDMAs did not get any institutionalgrant for their provincial disaster managementfunds (PDMF). During 2011 floods, funds wereallocated and released months after the disasterhad been successfully managed by way ofemergency procurements on the basis of deferredpayments. Such a situation causes uncertainty indisaster response besides aggravating thepsychological discomfort of the affectees. Panic inthe market for supplying relief goods andmaintaining supply chain becomes anotherpotential challenge. In a lifesaving situation,resources need to be made available upfront inorder to cater for any such eventuality. As isglobally accepted, investing a dollar inpreparedness would save seven in response.4.2.4. Dedicated Budget LineAdequate resources and efficient utilization are ofChapter 4critical importance for effective disaster riskreduction measures. Timely and adequateinvestment on DRR would not only reduce hazardrisks but also the costs associated with response,recovery and rehabilitation. Despite having beenmandated, the DRM institutions did not receiveany dedicated budget for preparedness, mitigationand response during the year. Hence, theircapacity to plan and deliver remained limited.4.2.5. Response CoordinationThere is multiplicity of functions at all tiers of thegovernment; hampering a uniform policy onresource mapping, its allocation, and deployment.At the national level NDMA, Emergency ReliefCell (ERC), National Health EmergencyPreparedness and Response Network (NHEPRN)and Civil Defense are reporting to differentcommand structures.At the provincial level, resources are distributedamong PDMAs, relief departments, linedepartments, civil defense authorities, municipaladministrations and emergency services likeRescue 1122, fire brigades, etc. Similarly, fieldformations have been provided neither with skilledhuman resource nor with requisite equipment tomanage rescue and relief operations at the districtand local levels.Thus, there are some overlaps as well as gaps dueto a number of entities working on different aspectsof DRM. Therefore, effective and coordinatedresponse remained a challenge during thereporting year.4.2.6. Disaster ManagementInformation System (DMIS)The DRM institutions across the country lackadequate information communication tools andrequisite software support to manage the databaseof the disaster events and affectees. Tracking of theaffectees for logistic support to each segment ofsociety still remains a conundrum. Theinstitutional support available throughinternational funding and executed by iMMAPAnnual Report 2011 12 51

Achievements, Challenges & Looking Aheadwww.ndma.gov.pkremained deficient in meeting the MIS needs ofdisaster management system. The iMMAPintervention remained inconclusive at the end of itsproject life with negligible value addition.4.2.7. Disaster Management at theCapitalThe Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT) has beenfacing the challenge of preparedness and responsemechanism for managing disasters. The Air Blueplane crash and frequent forest wildfires haveexposed the institutional weaknesses. Islamabadbeing located on the active fault line is exposed toearthquakes, thus necessitating mitigation andpreparedness measures. Absence of disastermanagement authority in Islamabad has been seenas an impediment to disaster response during theyear.4.2.8. Climate ChangeIn Pakistan, climate change raises concerns with itstremendous social, environmental and economicimpacts. Pakistan is frequently exposed to naturalhazards like floods, droughts and cyclones. Thesehazards when combined with the vulnerabilities inthe shape of poverty, exclusion, inappropriatepolicy decisions and actions make people moresusceptible to the impacts of hazards.Like other countries of the region, Pakistan is alsoexperiencing climate change, particularly a shift inmonsoon patterns. The frequency and intensity ofthe monsoons, coupled with geographic shiftcauses dual jeopardy in terms of forecasting theevents and developing response plans.The capacity of the government to cope with thesechallenges remains rather limited. The DRMinstitutions lack access to researches on climatechange impacts and plans on adaptation,mitigation, and disaster risk reduction.4.2.9. Nuclear, Biological andChemical DisastersNuclear disasters / accidents like Fukushima(Japan) have a long time effect on health of thepopulace, and biodiversity of the regions. Theseverity of these disasters entails putting in placestringent measures to protect the flora and fauna.The threat necessitates a crucial coordinationmechanism for managing such disasters. Being aspecialized subject, it needs special focus onreviewing the preparedness level and responseinfrastructure.4.2.10. District Level CapacityDespite notifications throughout the country,many districts still lack DDMAs to steer all disastermanagement activities across different sectors.Even the existing DDMAs lack human, materialand financial resources to undertake the disastermanagement activities. Though the DDMAs areheaded by the DCs / DCOs, there is no technicalhuman resource available to assist in disasterrelatedplanning and implementation.4.2.11. Camp Management and ReliefDistributionThe NDM Act entrusts the responsibility ofimplementing disaster response on the provincialgovernments. However, due to the limitedcapacity of the district governments, effective campmanagement and coordination functionsremained a major challenge. Documentation ofthe movement of flood affected people and relatedlogistics inventories have been a point of concern.This resulted in issues related to distribution ofrelief goods in the field.4.2.12. Response and ContingencyPlansThough some efforts put in the formulation ofindividual hazard-related response andcontingency plans in the past, there is a greaterneed of updating the same due to newerdimensions of disasters being faced in the country.Such plans generally take into account thehistorically recorded disaster scenarios and seemto have less relevance with surprises that needelaborate response. The monsoon floods of 2011have been a clear example of such surprise.52 Annual Report 2011Chapter 4

www.ndma.gov.pkResponding Achievements, to Disasters: Challenges A Year & Looking a Retrospect Ahead4.2.13. Land Use Planning &Building CodesLand use planning has remained a seriousconcern, especially with respect to digitization ofland records, demarcation of waterways, planningfor settlements along water bodies andenforcement of Provincial Canal and DrainageActs. The Floods 2010 and 2011 causeddevastation primarily due to lack of proper waterflows.Though the law provides for land zonation andbuilding codes for disaster managementinterventions, there remains a considerable lag onupdating these codes and subsequentenforcements. Limited engagement of the relevantinstitutions and their technical subsidiaries tends tointensify vulnerabilities of buildings andinfrastructure; thereby aggravating the disasterimpact.4.2.14. Disaster Response ForceDisaster Response Force is supposed to be themost vibrant mechanism for disaster response.Though NDMA is mandated under law toestablish a National Disaster Response Force; yetlack of financial resources has been majorimpediment in realizing this initiative.The model of Punjab Emergency Services (Rescue1122), being a good example of trained, structuredand well-equipped disaster response force needs tobe replicated in all other federating units.4.2.15. Early Warning SystemPakistan is vulnerable to all kinds of naturaldisasters, warranting strong multi-hazard earlywarning systems for timely information. Thesystem is not fully operational due to capacityconstraints. Early warning system, particularlyagainst flash floods / hill torrents, needs to bestrengthened. Although our short range weatherforecasting capability is quite impressive, however,there is a need to significantly enhance Pakistan'smedium and long-range weather forecastingcapability.Chapter 44.2.16. Mainstreaming DRRMainstreaming DRR into DevelopmentThough NDMA was able to convince the PlanningCommission of Pakistan for incorporating DRRchecklist into development planning, theenforcement thereof is yet to be seen. DisasterImpact Assessment (DIA), being an integral part ofany feasibility study of mega developmentinvestment has not been enforced in Pakistan. Thedesign flaws of Left Bank Outfall Drain,Mohammad Wala Bridge on river Chenab andbreaching sections under major railroad networksbear witness to the fact.Mainstreaming DRR into CurriculumDue to devolution of education sector to theprovinces, the function of curriculumdevelopment stands delegated to the provincialgovernments. The disaster themes needingintegration with the mainstream education systemhas become rather difficult. The NDMA isendeavoring to develop material for curriculumrevision, incorporating disaster perspective.Coordination for adoption of the revisions sorecommended would however, remains achallenge.Community-Based Disaster RiskManagementThe communities, by and large, do not haverequisite level of awareness about disaster-relatedissues and their management thereof. This wouldentail a mass-scale social mobilization andresource injection to organize, train and equipcommunities in potentially hazardous areas.Though the international community seemspoised to assist in this regard, the commitmentfrom the government in terms of resourceallocation could expedite the effort.4.2.17. Gender MainstreamingThe vulnerable groups of society needing specialcare and attention tend to be at the mercy of serviceAnnual Report 2011 12 53

Achievements, Challenges & Looking Aheadwww.ndma.gov.pkproviders during disasters. The institutionalarrangements to cater for these people have been amajor lesson learned from previous disasters.Efforts are in hand to establish gender and childcells at each DRM institutions. The NDMA alongwith PDMAs of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjabhave notified their Gender and Child Cells; othershave to follow suit. Therefore, focus on needs ofwomen, children, elderly and people withdisabilities during various phases of disaster riskmanagement necessitate further attention.4.2.18. Media SupportMedia plays an important role in creatingawareness during disasters. Disaster reporting is aspecialized field, the knowledge of which is yet tobe disseminated in Pakistan. Awareness raising ondisaster preparedness and subsequent reportingon response related activities need furtherattention. The disaster management authoritiesgenerally do not have enough resources to activelyengage in activities focusing on media supportservices. Focus on advocacy, communication andsocial mobilization during preparedness, earlywarning and disaster response remains a greatchallenge.4.2.19. Tracking and Monitoring ofNGOs / INGOsAt the time of disasters numerous humanitarianorganizations come into play. Non-governmentsectors both local and international, work underthe United Nations banner following an appeal.Their resources, activities and target areas areproperly tracked with the UN system, workingunder the guidance of the NDMA. However, achallenge arises when philanthropist/NGOsindulge and operate independently. It is importantto avoid duplication of efforts to make optimumuse of limited resources.4.3 Way Forward4.3.1. Reducing Disaster RisksDisaster management in Pakistan has evolved fromresponse to a more comprehensive approach witha focus on reducing the risks. The NDMA isstriving to institutionalize DRR into mainstreamdevelopment and create national-level policy forDRR.As a result, a National DRR policy has beeninitiated in consultation with national, provincialand local governments, donors, civil societyorganizations, media, academia and otherdevelopment and humanitarian partners. With theNational DRR Policy in place, it would beimperative to align disaster management practicesat all tiers.4.3.2. Risk AtlasA comprehensive and reliable multi-hazardvulnerability and risk assessment is a starting pointof any meaningful disaster risk reduction measure.It becomes even more important when the aim is toensure the assets against a disaster. Over the yearsthere have been initiatives regarding riskassessment of various areas of the country.The NDMA is aiming at creating GIS based riskassessment model capable of simulating disasterscenarios. Such a tool would enable the authoritiesto reduce vulnerability by developingcomprehensive regulatory mechanism.The NDMA is planning to bring all stakeholdersunder one umbrella to ensure that all riskassessments are carried out on the standardizedtemplate and feed into national database.4.3.3. Budgetary Provision for RiskReductionRecurrent disasters and diversion of resources onrelief and response has left Pakistan far behind inmeeting many of its regular development targets.Since, no separate budget line is available in keydisaster management institutions for spending onDRR activities; most of the public sectordevelopment funds are diverted toward responseto restore at least the pre-disaster situation.Lack of adequate funding and financing strategy for54 Annual Report 2011Chapter 4

www.ndma.gov.pkResponding Achievements, to Disasters: Challenges A Year & Looking a Retrospect Aheadinvesting in preparedness often results in reactiveand ad-hoc approach towards disastermanagement. This leaves the government with noother options but look for emergency reliefsupport from external sources. It is thereforeimperative to have a separate budget line, both atfederal and provincial levels, with ample budgetaryprovision to be made available to the NDMA andPDMAs for timely carrying out preparedness andmitigation functions. This would also help plan theresponse strategy and its effective implementation.4.3.4. Disaster Risk InsurancePoor and marginalized people are the mostvulnerable to any disaster natural or humaninduced, with serious implications for their life andlivelihoods. Disaster Risk Insurance can provide asolution to address economic problem of affecteeswith very little burden on the governmentexchequer.The NDMA has initiated work on the developingdisaster risk insurance program for disaster pronecommunities. The program is being designed toinsure life, food security, shelter, urban businessesand crops / livestock.4.3.5. Catastrophe Draw DownOptionThe NDMA fully recognizes that a viableinsurance solution to fund disaster response wouldrelieve the national exchequer of the unforeseenburdens, contribute to make the economy moreresilient, and most importantly, will serve as aneffective defense against post disaster poverty. Tothis end, NDMA has initiated negotiations onCAT DDO option with the World Bank. The CatDDO gives a government immediate access tofunds after a natural disaster, a time when liquidityconstraints are usually very high.4.3.6. Capacity Enhancement of theNDMALearning from Japanese experience of FukushimaChapter 4nuclear disaster, induced by earthquake / tsunamiduring April 2011, the NDMA needs to havespecialized skills and expertise to respond to sucheventuality.The climate induced disasters require enhancedcapacity of the government to cope with thesechallenges. Therefore, DRM institutions are to bestrengthened to formulate plans for adaptation,mitigation and disaster risk reduction. Thisrequires NDMA to enhance its organizationalstructure with requisite professionals and alliedinfrastructure.Since the NDMA is to base its contingency plansand response operations, there is a dire need tohave professional expertise in the areas of climatechange, flood management, financialmanagement, risk insurance, policy planning,information management and media support.Augmentation of professional human resource atthe NDMA along with necessary financial andmaterial resources is the need of the day.4.3.7. Disaster Response Force'Response' is the most perceptible and visibleamongst all elements of disaster management cycleand entails creation of a specialized, multidisciplinaryand multi-skilled force, which is wellequipped and trained to effectively respond tovarious disasters.As a pilot project, disaster response force may beraised at Islamabad on the pattern of PunjabEmergency Services (Rescue 1122).This wouldrequire integration of human resource from CivilDefence, CDA (Urban Search and Rescue Team),fire brigade services and scouts etc. the capacitybuilding and skill enhancement would then beneeded to turn them into a cohesive and vibrantforce. Upon successful experiment, the idea couldbe replicated in other provinces and districts.4.3.8. Land Use PlanningLand use planning minimizes potential losses tophysical assets and human life. Though neglectedfor long, 2010 and 2011 floods exposed the floodAnnual Report 2011 12 55

Achievements, Challenges & Looking Aheadwww.ndma.gov.pkinfrastructure and the municipal services ofsewerage and sanitation. The communicationinfrastructure, gas pipelines and power supplysystem were greatly damaged. This necessitates theneed for having proper land use planning based onGIS mapping, regional planning and urban landuse priorities. New human settlements andinfrastructure related investments have to bealigned with the regional plans, keeping in view thehazard threats and vulnerabilities.4.3.9. Building / Structural CodesMost building and structure codes, being outdated,need revision. Although building / structural codeshave been devised at national level, the exposuresof subsequent earthquakes and floods call forimmediate updation.The implementation of such codes, being anenforcement issue, essentially rests with theprovincial governments.4.3.10. Media SupportRealizing the importance of media's role in disastermanagement, the NDMA plans to strengthen itslinkages and partnerships with media in coveringdisaster management. This can be achievedthrough an elaborate and well-designedcommunication strategy focusing on advocacy,communication and social mobilization with localmedia and opinion leaders in carrying outawareness events. A strong media strategysupported by necessary financial and technologicalresources can actually ameliorate the efficiencyand efficacy of the entire disaster risk managementsystem.56 Annual Report 2011Chapter 4

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National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)Prime Minister’s Secretariat, Islamabadwww.ndma.gov.pk