PDF - 2453 kB - CARNet

More documents

Recommendations

Info

A. FORNALCZYK et al.: CATALYTIC CONVERTERS AS A SOURCE OF PLATINUM SUMMARY 1. In the research thee metals were used as a material which can dissolve platinum and decrease its melting temperature: lead, copper and cadmium. Test with lead did not give satisfactory results because almost all lead oxidized in the furnace atmosphere, so the kinetic conditions were not good enough to use lead in this kind of tests (Pb very easily oxidized during the melting process and we obtained alloy Pt+PbO instead of Pt+Pb). The second metal, cooper gave better results. The calculated yields were very promising. However, there can be a problem with removing platinum from cooper, so the other tests are planned. Calcium as a collector metal is better than lead. However, the best results are obtained in the temperature of 1 200 °C. In this case the process have to be lead very carefully, especially in argon atmosphere because of high reactivity of calcium. 2. The tests with magnesium and cadmium as a metal which can dissolve platinum and decrease its melting temperature are being done. The initial results are promising. The loss of platinum content in the carrier after the cadmium vapour treatment (Table 3) can be observed. However no success has been reached in improving the concentration of Mg/Cd vapours with platinum. 3. Hydrometallurgical method of platinum recovery from the used auto catalytic converters gives 85 % of metal recovery. Heating test probe slightly increases the concentration of platinum in the solution. The addition of fluoric acid to aqua regia does not influence the increase of platinum recovery. Acknowledgements: Financial support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education is acknowledged (N N508 3811 33). REFERENCES �1� A. Fornalczyk, M. Saternus, Rudy Metale, 52 (2007), 326-332. �2� C. Hagelüken, Metall., 1-2, (2006), 31-42. �3� A. Fornalczyk, M. Saternus Metalurgija, 48 (2009) 2, 133-137. �4� J. S. Yoo: Catalysis Today 44, (1998), 27-46. �5� C. Hagelüken, M. Buchert, H. Stahl, Enmetall, 9, (2003) 56, 529-540. �6� S. R. Rao: Resource recovery and recycling from metallurgical wastes, Oxford University, Elsevier 2006. �7� Y. Kayanuma, T. Okabe, M. Maeda, Metall. Trans, 35B (2004), 817-824. Note: Responsible for English language is M. Kingsford, Katowice, Poland. 264 METALURGIJA 50 (2011) 4, 261-264
J. £ABAJ, B. OLEKSIAK, G. SIWIEC STUDY OF COPPER REMOVAL FROM LIQUID IRON INTRODUCTION The global metallurgical industry is currently dominated by two technologies. One of them is based on the concept of obtaining pig iron in a blast furnace and its subsequent transformation into steel in oxygen-blown converters, whereas the second one consists in steel smelting based on secondary raw materials in electric arc furnaces (EAF). Within the recent years, the latter’s share in the global production of steel varied from ca. 28 to 33 %, The forecasts imply that the proportions between the share of the EAF process and the conventional one (oxygen-blown converter) in the steel production will have been reversed by 2 050 a compared with the current status �1�. Thus the share of scrap used in the overall steel production is expected to increase from the present level of 45 % to 60 % at the expense of iron ores. The steel scrap utilised under the technologies discussed is characterised by highly variable chemical composition. This results mainly from the fact that there are considerable changes taking place in the generic structure of the scrap processed in metallurgical aggregates. The share of the so-called home scrap in the charge material decreases with a simultaneous increase of the share of demolition (post-consumption) scrap. The noticeable decrease in the input of home scrap has Received – Prispjelo: 2010-09-09 Accepted – Prihva}eno: 2011-01-20 Preliminary Note – Prethodno priop}enje The technology of steel is projected to increase in the share-based processes for processing recyclable materials. On the one hand it creates the possibility of lowering the cost of producing steel, while the other is causing the pollution, which because of its physicochemical properties are difficult to remove. The group of this type of pollution is classified as copper. The lower reactivity to iron requiring the analysis of thermodynamic parameters of Fe-Cu system to identify how best to allocate them. The study was conducted for the basic kinetic analysis of Fe-Cu alloy containing 0,5 % wt. Cu and 1,5 % wt. Cu in the pressure range from 0,06 to 1 074 Pa and a temperature of 1 923 K The study was conducted in a vacuum induction furnace VIM-20-50 Seco Warwic. Key words: copper, iron alloys, vacuum refining, induction furnace Studija odstranjivanja bakra iz teku}eg èljeza. Tehnologija ~elika planira se tako da se pove}a udio temeljenih na preradi recikliraju}ih materijala. S jedne strane to stvara mogu}nost smanjenja cijene proizvodnje ~elika, dok s druge strane uzrokuje one~i{}enje, uslijed fizikalnokemijskih svojstava, koje je te{ko ukloniti. U skupinu takve vrste one~i{}enja ulazi i bakar. Nià reaktivnost sa èljezom zahtijeva analizu termodinami~kih parametara sustava Fe-Cu da se odredi kako ih je najbolje predvidjeti. Studija je provedena za bazi~nu kineti~ku analizu slitine Fe-Cu koja sadrì 0,5 % Cu i 1,5 % Cu u intervalu tlakova od 0,06 do 1 074 Pa i temperaturi od 1 923 K. Studija je provedena u vakuumskoj indukcionoj pe}i VIM-20-50 Seco Warwic. Klju~ne rije~i: bakar, slitine èljeza, vakuumska rafinacija, indukciona pe} J. £abaj, B. Oleksiak, G. Siwiec - Silesian Technical University, Department of Metallurgy, Katowice, Poland ISSN 0543-5846 METABK 50(4) 265-268 (2011) UDC – UDK 546.56:669:3:669.1:669.083.4=111 necessitated in using increased amounts of demolition scrap, which may constitute one of the possible sources of the steel impurities, in the metallurgical processes. The foregoing mainly results from the fact that the said scrap ma contain steel components combined with other materials the occurrence of which in the metallic charge is considered detrimental. Such a group of contaminants includes non-ferrous metals (copper, tin, lead, zinc, bismuth, etc.) originating from metallic coatings, varnish or components of electrotechnical devices. When one deals with contaminants easily removed in the metallurgical process, the increase of their content in the charge material does not pose a serious problem. It is otherwise when the charge material contains increased contents of non-ferrous metals the removal of which in the steel smelting process is particularly difficult. An example of such a contaminant may be copper. The high content of copper in scrap is to a considerable extent reflected by this metal’s content in, for instance, steels manufactured by application of the EAF technology. Due to the fact that copper, similarly to tin, forms low-melting eutectic compounds with iron, that are released during the solidification at the grain boundary, it is possible that, on high content of the problematic metal, the hot steel becomes brittle. Furthermore, copper exerts a negative influence on impact resistance and fatigue strength of steel. Indeed, it was the negative influence of copper on the properties of steel that has led METALURGIJA 50 (2011) 4, 265-268 265
Page 1 and 2: METALURGIJA - ČASOPIS OSNOVAN 1962
Page 3 and 4: T. Lis Content - Sadràj Original S
Page 5 and 6: T. LIS OPTIMISATION OF METAL CHARGE
Page 7 and 8: years, the share of post-depreciati
Page 9 and 10: T. MERDER, J. PIEPRZYCA NUMERICAL M
Page 11 and 12: T. MERDER et al.: NUMERICAL MODELIN
Page 13 and 14: B. MATE[A, D. KOZAK, A. STOI], I. S
Page 15 and 16: B. MATE[A et al.: THE INFLUENCE OF
Page 17 and 18: A. KO[NIK, J. TU[EK, L. KOSEC, T. M
Page 19 and 20: Microstructures and Vickers hardnes
Page 21 and 22: D. KLOBÂR, M. MUHI^, J. MO@INA, J.
Page 23 and 24: from the top view. The grooves prod
Page 25 and 26: J. PRZONDZIONO, W. WALKE, A. SZU£A
Page 27 and 28: J. PRZONDZIONO et al.: RESISTANCE T
Page 29 and 30: J. PRZONDZIONO et al.: RESISTANCE T
Page 31 and 32: S. LEGUTKO, P. KLUK, A. STOI] RESEA
Page 33 and 34: S. LEGUTKO et al.: RESEARCH OF THE
Page 35 and 36: I. BERNÁTHOVÁ, M. BUR[ÁK PROPERT
Page 37 and 38: I. BERNÁTHOVÁ et al.: PROPERTIES
Page 39 and 40: Z. GULI[IJA, A. PATARI], M. MIHAILO
Page 41 and 42: and the smaller grain contributes t
Page 43 and 44: M. SATERNUS MODELLING RESEARCH OF H
Page 45 and 46: M. SATERNUS: MODELLING RESEARCH OF
Page 47 and 48: A. FORNALCZYK, M. SATERNUS CATALYTI
Page 49: Figure 3 Scheme of reactor used dur
Page 53 and 54: Table 2 Experimental mass transfer
Page 55 and 56: I. SAMARD@I], M. DUN\ER, A. PINTARI
Page 57 and 58: I. SAMARD@I] et al.: POSSIBILITIES
Page 59 and 60: J. TEPI], V. TODI], D. LUKI], M. MI
Page 61 and 62: J. TEPI] et al.: DEVELOPMENT OF THE
Page 63 and 64: J. TEPI] et al.: DEVELOPMENT OF THE
Page 65 and 66: important role of the carbon �C 2
Page 67 and 68: W. PTASZYÑSKI, A. GESSNER, P. FR¥
Page 69 and 70: Figure 4 Setting the straightness o
Page 71 and 72: YU. G. GULYAYEV, I. MAMUZI], YE. I.
Page 73 and 74: YU. G. GULYAYEV et al: PERFECTION O

PDF - 2453 kB - CARNet

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?