great lakes-st. lawrence seaway new cargoes/new vessels market

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Great Lakes-St. Lawrence SeawayNew Cargoes/New Vessels - Market Assessment4.3.4 A RO/RO FAST FREIGHTERThe third technology we consider is a “fast freighter.” The vessel is a high-speed catamaranconfigured to handle Ro/Ro cargo. These vessels are primarily designed for high-speedmovement and low-cargo capacity relative to other technologies examined in this analysis.Traditionally, the technology has focused on passenger movement. At times, however,vessels are configured to handle cargo. The size of the locks and the clearance limitsthroughout the GLSLS do not constrain the maximum dimensions of most vessels of thistype.Fast Freighter (Ferry)Many manufacturers produce such vessels, including Austal and Incat of Australia. Austalproduces a passenger ferry that operated between Rochester, New York and Toronto,Ontario for several years 43 and built a similar vessel through its U.S. subsidiary to operatebetween Milwaukee, Wisconsin and Muskegon, Michigan. 44 The vessel prototype examinedin this analysis is a proposed vessel by Austal. 45 The beam of the prototype vessel isseveral meters wider than that allowed by the GLSLS; we make the assumption that a fastfreighter constructed for the GLSLS would have approximately the same deadweighttonnage. The basic parameters of the vessel are listed in the exhibit below.Exhibit 4-19: Performance parameters for a prototype fast freight vessel for use in the GLSLS.ParameterPrototype VesselLength Overall (m) 115.0Length at Waterline (m) 100.0Beam (m) 28.7Draft (m) 4.2Cargo deadweight (kg) 1.52 * 10 6Loaded TEU 95Engines4 x 9,000 kWThe performance parameters for the fast freighter are much different than that of theGLSLS containership. Since it operates in non-displacement mode, current GLSLSregulations allow it to operate at 63.9 km/h when traversing the Great Lakes and enteringthe GLSLS from the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The hourly fuel consumption increases43 U.S. Department of Transportation. 2004. Fast Ferries on the Great Lakes: Success is Here to Stay. In Seaway Compass.44 Egan, Dan. 2006. Futuristic high-speed catamaran ferry plies uncharted waters in lake travel. LakeNet, December 14, 2003 2003 [cited May 302006]. Available from http://www.world<strong>lakes</strong>.org/shownews.asp?newsid=1583.45 Fast Freighter Outline Spec 1. 2004. Henderson, Australia: Austal.TEMS, Inc. / RAND Corporation January 2007 67
Great Lakes-St. Lawrence SeawayNew Cargoes/New Vessels - Market Assessmentconsiderably: the fuel consumption at cruise speed, assuming a specific fuel consumption of0.201 kg/kW-hr, is 6,510 kg of MDO, yielding a fuel efficiency of 1.07 kg/TEU-km.The cargo capacity of the fast freighter is <strong>great</strong>ly reduced from that of the containership.Because the vessel is to be used for Ro/Ro carriage, the vessel also must carry theintermodal chassis, which has a mass of 3,240 kg. 46 The 1.52 * 10 6 kg deadweight tonnagecan theoretically accommodate 47 40-foot containers with their chassis, or 95 TEU. Thisnumber fits within the lane capabilities of a similar vessel, which has 730 lane meters on asingle deck, enough to accommodate approximately 60 40-foot containers. 47 , 48Our estimate for crew on the fast freighter differs from that of the manufacturer. Themanufacturer proposes that the vessel be manned by 14 crewmembers. 49 However, sincethe vessel carries relatively little cargo and is smaller than other vessels, we assume that 9crewmembers are sufficient to operate the vessel, tend cargo, and assist in docking.Fuel consumption for the fast ferry has been estimated by Austal and is reported in theexhibit below.Exhibit 4-20: Fuel consumption for a fast freighter at common operating speeds in the GLSLS. 50Speed (km/h) Fuel consumption (kg/hr) Fuel efficiency (kg/TEU-km)11.1 510 0.48419.4 810 0.44029.6 1,200 0.42737.0 1,500 0.42763.9 6,510 1.07Austal, Inc. estimates the acquisition cost of the fast ferry to be approximately $50million. 51Fast Ferry vessels employ very powerful engines to operate in non-displacement mode at ahigh speed. The ships were initially designed as automobile and truck ferries. To reduceweight, they often employ welded aluminum hull construction. Despite the lightweightdesign cruising at 40-knots, unfortunately, these vessels have very high-energyconsumption – almost 20 times more fuel per FEU-mile than the container ship. The resultis that the Fast Freighter (Ferry) consumes substantially more fuel per TEU-mile thantrucking. Exhibit 4-21 gives the basic performance specifications for the Fast Freighter(Ferry).46 GE Equipment Services, Rail Services 2006. General Electric 2006 [cited February 12 2006]. Available fromhttp://www.ge.com/railservices/productsservices/intermodal/containers.html.47 This discrepancy between tonnage and lane capacity would be a major consideration in the design of a GLSLS-specific fast ferry.The manufacturer estimates that the vessel can carry 132 TEU.48 Fast Freight - Austal 2006. Austal 2006 [cited February 12 2006]. Available from http://www.austal.com/go/productinformation/commercial-products/fast-freight49 Fast Freighter Outline Spec 1. 2004. Henderson, Australia: Austal.50 Operating in non-displacement mode changes the drag characteristics of vessels, a phenomenon witnessed here as the vessel speedincreases. (Regan 2006)51 Regan, Richard. 2006. Austal Fast Ferry Product Information. Santa Monica, California, May 10.TEMS, Inc. / RAND Corporation January 2007 68
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