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Who are you Today? Pr<strong>of</strong>iling <strong>the</strong> ID Theft Fraudster Olga Angelopoulou 1 , Stilianos Vidalis 2 and Ian Robinson 2 1 School <strong>of</strong> Computing and Ma<strong>the</strong>matics, Faculty <strong>of</strong> Business Computing and Law, University <strong>of</strong> Derby, Derby, UK 2 School <strong>of</strong> Design, Engineering, Fashion and Technology, Faculty <strong>of</strong> Arts and Business, University <strong>of</strong> Wales, Newport, Newport, UK Abstract: Online Identity Theft (ID <strong>the</strong>ft) is a significant problem in our modern knowledge-based and social-driven computing era. This type <strong>of</strong> cybercrime can be achieved in a number <strong>of</strong> different ways; and more <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> point, various statistical figures suggest it is on <strong>the</strong> increase. The target is individual privacy and self-assurance, while efforts and measures for increased security and protection appear inadequate to prevent it. While personal identities are increasingly being stored and shared on digital media in virtualised environments, <strong>the</strong> threat <strong>of</strong> personal and private information that is used fraudulently cannot be eliminated. This trend in crime can result in complex investigations that involve virtualised information technologies, both as a medium for analysis and as evidence at <strong>the</strong> same time. Fraudsters are obtaining more sophisticated technological ways and increase <strong>the</strong>ir capability not only for committing but also for concealing <strong>the</strong>ir crimes. It is believed that fraudsters <strong>of</strong> this kind <strong>of</strong> crime are not acting individually, but ra<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>y operate in an organised and well-structured manner. Indeed ID <strong>the</strong>ft is nowadays directly linked to drug trafficking, money laundering and terrorism. ID <strong>the</strong>ft, like almost all different types <strong>of</strong> crime, involves two parts, at least one victim and at least one fraudster. We argue that <strong>the</strong> differentiation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> investigation procedure between <strong>the</strong> victim’s and <strong>the</strong> fraudster’s side, depends on <strong>the</strong> ownership and control <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> digital media involved in <strong>the</strong> crime, and can provide results on a more crimefocused basis. In addition it provides information ga<strong>the</strong>ring, understanding and knowledge about <strong>the</strong> way <strong>the</strong> fraudster acts and could potentially assist in future investigations. Different pieces <strong>of</strong> evidence can be discovered on each side (victim-fraudster) concerning <strong>the</strong> techniques that have been used to perpetrate <strong>the</strong> crime. The online ID <strong>the</strong>ft techniques can leave evidence on both <strong>the</strong> victim’s and <strong>the</strong> fraudster’s system. However, <strong>the</strong> evidence tends to contain different elements on each side that can reveal information about <strong>the</strong> fraudster and eventually pr<strong>of</strong>ile him in relation to <strong>the</strong> attack. There is an approach <strong>of</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>iling <strong>the</strong> ID <strong>the</strong>ft fraudster based on 4
<strong>the</strong> findings thatarise during <strong>the</strong> forensic investigation process in this paper. We discuss <strong>the</strong> extent <strong>of</strong> ID <strong>the</strong>ft as a problem and <strong>the</strong> role <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fraudster in different ID <strong>the</strong>ft techniques. We aim to demonstrate processes that could assist <strong>the</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>iling <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fraudster under <strong>the</strong> forensic investigation <strong>of</strong> ID <strong>the</strong>ft. Keywords: identity <strong>the</strong>ft, computer crime, fraudster pr<strong>of</strong>iling The Islamic Republic <strong>of</strong> Iran's Strategy Against S<strong>of</strong>t Warfare Ebrahim Anoosheh Islamic Azad University, Rafsanjan, Iran Abstract: New information and communication technologies in <strong>the</strong> emerging post-industrial society have led to new rules and concepts for politics and international relations. The notion <strong>of</strong> s<strong>of</strong>t warfare is related to phenomena now in evidence in this changing environment. Today, various countries in <strong>the</strong> world – especially those challenging <strong>the</strong> present international order – are deeply involved deeply with this new concept. The Islamic Republic <strong>of</strong> Iran is among those countries which considered <strong>the</strong>mselves as targets <strong>of</strong> s<strong>of</strong>t warfare. Concepts such as cultural invasion, cultural incursion and s<strong>of</strong>t subversion are commonly held by authorities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Islamic Republic <strong>of</strong> Iran, indicating that <strong>the</strong> country believes itself to be involved in cyber and s<strong>of</strong>t warfare. Iran’s authorities believe that <strong>the</strong> (imperialistic) West, and especially <strong>the</strong> USA, is targeting s<strong>of</strong>t warfare against <strong>the</strong> cultural integrity, national identity and security <strong>of</strong> Iran. Thus, <strong>the</strong> Islamic Republic <strong>of</strong> Iran has attempted to defend itself on <strong>the</strong> cyber and virtual battlefield by installing a number <strong>of</strong> negative policies, such as censoring and filtering, but also through some positive measures including improvements in media and satellite infrastructures. This paper investigates positions, strategies and solutions <strong>the</strong> Islamic Republic <strong>of</strong> Iran is deploying against new communication and information technologies and, especially, <strong>the</strong> concept and subject <strong>of</strong> s<strong>of</strong>t warfare and media war. Keywords: The Islamic Republic <strong>of</strong> Iran; USA; s<strong>of</strong>t warfare; media war; national security 5
Page 1 and 2: Proceedings <stron
Page 3 and 4: Contents Paper Title Author(s) Guid
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Page 9 and 10: Preface This year sees the<
Page 11 and 12: Greece); Hamid Jahankhani (Universi
Page 13 and 14: Biographies Conference</str
Page 15 and 16: versity Paris 6 on the</str
Page 17 and 18: ic Advisory Group, the</str
Page 19 and 20: Tim Hartog graduated in 2005 at <st
Page 21 and 22: Pierre Leandre is a student in his
Page 23: several years working as both a s<s
Page 26 and 27: malware signatures to all users or
Page 30 and 31: Recent Cyberwar Spectrum and its An
Page 32 and 33: Keywords: measurement framework, me
Page 34 and 35: EU law and Internet Traffic Control
Page 36 and 37: Evaluation of Nati
Page 38 and 39: and Mexico. The United States have
Page 40 and 41: ut also attitudes and values are pr
Page 42 and 43: countries are currently missing som
Page 44 and 45: Towards an Automated Security Aware
Page 46 and 47: the selection <str
Page 48 and 49: to classify these
Page 50 and 51: eport on future prospects o
Page 52 and 53: 21st century introduced the
Page 54 and 55: strictions; it obstructs th
Page 56 and 57: possibilities and opportunities to
Page 58 and 59: pendent on being aware of</
Page 60 and 61: ed cells. The outcome of</s
Page 63: PHD Papers 39
Page 66 and 67: Law of Armed Confl
Page 68 and 69: nerabilities have increased as a re
Page 71: Information Systems Security Manage
Page 75 and 76: CNA by Social Media, or is it 5th G
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