The Thermal and Rainwater Runoff Performance of an Extensive ...

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In the UK, there is as of yet no building regulations related specifically to green roofs, only tothe general standards of roof construction. Green roofs can be constructed to meet thesestandards.Therefore, further research in to the thermal and runoff performance of green roofs would bebeneficial in integrating them into UK building regulations and standards.1.3 History of Green RoofsAlthough the term ‘green roof’ seems relatively modern, green roofs have in fact existed forseveral centuries in Northern Europe. Green roofs of turf construction were a commonelement found in vernacular styles of buildings in Northern Scotland, Iceland and otherScandinavian countries; and even at the turn of the 19 th century over 50 per cent ofinhabitants in Iceland still lived in turf-roofed buildings [3]. During the 19 th century, theavailability of cheap, reliable and low maintenance roofing materials brought to an end thesetraditional types of green roof systems.Figure 1: Traditional Viking House(Newfoundland)Figure 2: 18 th Century Farm Building(Norway)Renewed interest in green roofs began to develop at the end of the 19 th century in Germany,where they were promoted because of their fire retarding properties. In the early 20 th century,architects such as Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius and Frank Lloyd Wright began toNiall Carroll Page 14The Thermal and Rainwater Runoff Performance of an Extensive Green Roof System
incorporate green roofs into their designs, several of which still exist as originally conceived[3].The modern trend – associated with the green movement and sustainable design – wasestablished in Germany in the 1960s; with Reinhard Bornkamm, a researcher at Berlins FreeState University his first work on green roofs in 1961 [4]. Since then, green roofs havebecome increasingly popular in many countries, both as retrofit and in new constructionapplications, and many more research papers have been published.2 Types of Green RoofThere are several different types of green roof: intensive, semi-intensive and extensive. Themain difference between each of these types of green roof is the depth of the substrate and thevegetation used (with a thicker layer of substrate allowing for a greater variety of plants).2.1 IntensiveFigure 3: Intensive Green Roof (Beijing, China) [5]Niall Carroll Page 15The Thermal and Rainwater Runoff Performance of an Extensive Green Roof System
Page 1 and 2: Department of Mechanical Engineerin
Page 3 and 4: AbstractThis project addresses the
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents1 Introduction…
Page 7 and 8: 6.2.1 Rainfall Runoff Relationship
Page 9 and 10: List of FiguresFigure 1: Traditiona
Page 11 and 12: Figure 32: Humidity Sensor Located
Page 13: 1 Introduction1.1 Green Roof Defini
Page 17 and 18: 2.3 ExtensiveFigure 5: Extensive Gr
Page 19 and 20: 2.33 Green/Brown Roofs for Biodiver
Page 21 and 22: 3 Construction of Green RoofsThe co
Page 23 and 24: 3.2 Inverted Warm Green Roof Constr
Page 25 and 26: Although less versatile than intens
Page 27 and 28: There are four main methods of esta
Page 29 and 30: • extension of park system• pro
Page 31 and 32: In summer, green roofs can retain 7
Page 33 and 34: The urban heat island effect descri
Page 35 and 36: 4.6 Building FabricWhen vegetation
Page 37 and 38: 5 UK Policy on Green RoofsThere are
Page 39 and 40: Figure 16: Summer Temperatures of R
Page 41 and 42: However, the previous study mention
Page 43 and 44: Similarly, Simmons et al. [41] foun
Page 45 and 46: Figure 20: Green Roof Test Rig for
Page 47 and 48: The mineral content of the substrat
Page 49 and 50: Figure 25: NI USB-9211 Thermocouple
Page 51 and 52: It was used to acquire the relative
Page 53 and 54: Figure 33: NI USB-6008 Terminal Ass
Page 55 and 56: Figure 35: Labview Signal Express T
Page 57 and 58: 7.2 Green Roof Energy BalanceThe gr
Page 59 and 60: (4)Where,α s = Shortwave Absorptiv
Page 61 and 62: A green roof test rig was set up to
Page 63 and 64: Figure 40: Green Roof Test Rig for
Page 65 and 66:
second day of the experiment. The l
Page 67 and 68:
with the artificial rain event. Whe
Page 69 and 70:
References1. Sailor D.J. ‘A Green
Page 71 and 72:
31. Mellor, R.S. Salisbury, F.B. Ra
Page 73 and 74:
Appendix 1Niall Carroll Page 73The
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