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Intensive green roofs have a thick layer of soil, require irrigation, and have high waterretention and fertile conditions for plants. The depth of substrate is generally between 150mmand 1500mm and the vegetation used ranges from herbaceous plants, shrubs and grasses tolarger plants and, in some cases, even trees. It can be said that intensive green roofs arecomparable to open spaces at ground level and can be made use of by building residents. As aresult of the size of the plants used, the depth of substrate and its high water retention; theweight of an intensive green roof is significantly higher than that of conventional roofs.Therefore, substantial reinforcement of an existing roof structure or the inclusion ofadditional building structural support is required. Intensive green roofs also require a largeamount of maintenance, regular irrigation and applications of fertiliser.2.2 Semi-IntensiveFigure 4: Semi-Intensive Green Roof (Merano, Italy) [5]Semi-intensive green roofs are constructed using various substrate depths (150mm to500mm), thus combining elements of extensive and intensive green roofs. The vegetationused includes grasses, herbaceous plants, shrubs and coppices. Compared with intensivegreen roofs, the potential for using the roof for amenity purposes is generally limited. Theloads imposed by semi-intensive green roofs are less than those of intensive green roofs andless irrigation and fertilisation are required.Niall Carroll Page 16The Thermal and Rainwater Runoff Performance of an Extensive Green Roof System
2.3 ExtensiveFigure 5: Extensive Green Roof (Prague, Czech Republic) [5]Extensive green roofs have a thin layer of substrate (20mm to 200mm), require little or noirrigation, and have low water retention and nutrient poor conditions for plants. The thingrowing medium can consist of recycled materials [6]. Extensive green roofs are less costlyto install than intensive green roofs and are also cheaper to maintain. Generally they areplanted with, or colonised by, mosses, succulents, wild flowers and grasses that are able tosurvive on the shallow low-nutrient substrates. Commercial systems in the UK generally usesedum as the principal plant species in the vegetation layer [3]. Sedums, which are lowgrowing succulents, are favoured because they are drought and wind tolerant, from a densecovering and are aesthetically pleasing.There are three main types of extensive green roof system available in the UK: sedum mats;substrate based roof and green/brown roofs for biodiversity.Niall Carroll Page 17The Thermal and Rainwater Runoff Performance of an Extensive Green Roof System
Page 1 and 2: Department of Mechanical Engineerin
Page 3 and 4: AbstractThis project addresses the
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents1 Introduction…
Page 7 and 8: 6.2.1 Rainfall Runoff Relationship
Page 9 and 10: List of FiguresFigure 1: Traditiona
Page 11 and 12: Figure 32: Humidity Sensor Located
Page 13 and 14: 1 Introduction1.1 Green Roof Defini
Page 15: incorporate green roofs into their
Page 19 and 20: 2.33 Green/Brown Roofs for Biodiver
Page 21 and 22: 3 Construction of Green RoofsThe co
Page 23 and 24: 3.2 Inverted Warm Green Roof Constr
Page 25 and 26: Although less versatile than intens
Page 27 and 28: There are four main methods of esta
Page 29 and 30: • extension of park system• pro
Page 31 and 32: In summer, green roofs can retain 7
Page 33 and 34: The urban heat island effect descri
Page 35 and 36: 4.6 Building FabricWhen vegetation
Page 37 and 38: 5 UK Policy on Green RoofsThere are
Page 39 and 40: Figure 16: Summer Temperatures of R
Page 41 and 42: However, the previous study mention
Page 43 and 44: Similarly, Simmons et al. [41] foun
Page 45 and 46: Figure 20: Green Roof Test Rig for
Page 47 and 48: The mineral content of the substrat
Page 49 and 50: Figure 25: NI USB-9211 Thermocouple
Page 51 and 52: It was used to acquire the relative
Page 53 and 54: Figure 33: NI USB-6008 Terminal Ass
Page 55 and 56: Figure 35: Labview Signal Express T
Page 57 and 58: 7.2 Green Roof Energy BalanceThe gr
Page 59 and 60: (4)Where,α s = Shortwave Absorptiv
Page 61 and 62: A green roof test rig was set up to
Page 63 and 64: Figure 40: Green Roof Test Rig for
Page 65 and 66: second day of the experiment. The l
Page 67 and 68:
with the artificial rain event. Whe
Page 69 and 70:
References1. Sailor D.J. ‘A Green
Page 71 and 72:
31. Mellor, R.S. Salisbury, F.B. Ra
Page 73 and 74:
Appendix 1Niall Carroll Page 73The
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