Nos 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmondon, Kent - Archaeology ...

Archaeology South-EastASENos. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, Kent(NGR TQ 694 396)Project No. 2568ASE Report No: 2007225Interpretive Historic Building SurveyCommissioned by The National TrustPrepared byJosie Murray, MSc, MPhil (RTPI), Dip Bldg Cons (RICS)May 2007

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007Nos. 1 & 2 SPRIVERS COTTAGES, HORSMONDEN, KENT(NGR TQ 694 396)INTERPRETIVE HISTORICBUILDING SURVEYCommissioned byTHE NATIONAL TRUSTProject No. 2568May 2007Prepared byJosie Murray, MSc, MPhil (RTPI), Dip Bldg Cons (RICS)Archaeology South EastUnits 1& 22 Chapel PlacePortsladeEast SussexBN41 1DR.i

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007NATIONAL TRUST HISTORIC BUILDINGS SURVEYProperty NameAddressSpriversLamberhurst RoadProperty/ReferenceBuildingOS Grid ReferenceBuilding NameNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages,HorsmondenSurveyor/Date of SurveyJ Murray / Dec 2006TQ 694 396CategoryOriginal UseCurrent UseDomesticDomesticDomesticDate(s) of Construction Statutory Designation (s) NT SMR ReferenceMid to late 18 th century Listed Grade IIWalling MaterialsRoofing MaterialsFlooring MaterialsBrick, plain clay tilePlain clay tileWood / tileDescription:A pair of handed cottages of composite construction with brick walling to first floor level with timberframe over. Four unequal bays in total, two in each cottage. Double pile, gabled ends, terminalchimneys and plain clay tile roof and plain clay tile hanging on all elevations.Originally built with an outshot which was constructed with an oversailing tie beam from the mainbuilding to increase head room and usage of first floor accommodation in the outshot – an innovativesolution to maximising available space in the building. Attic also use from outset.During 19 th century a second roof was pitched over the original outshot to provide full height first floorrooms across the extent of the rear range. Buttresses added to rear wall at or soon after thisconstruction. Bread ovens survive in both cottages and No. 2 also has the copper.Original fixtures and fitting remain in both cottages.An outbuilding was constructed parallel to the cottages. Four bay construction, two bays for eachcottage with partition between. It is considered by the survey that this outbuilding is likely to becontemporary with the construction of the cottages and part of the original design for the site.Architectural/Historic Significance:The cottages represent a period of change and innovation invernacular building construction reflecting scarcity ofmaterials, which was addressed through well thought outdesign solutions. These are represented in the cottages inthe way the upper floor of the outshot was utilised.Good survival of original plan form, layout and fixtures andfittings. This arrangement taken with the outbuildingrepresents an interesting and rare example of its type.Landscape Significance:Good example of cottages withinHigh Weald area. Relationship toSprivers could be further explored asthe two sites appear to be integral,although the cottages are outside thegeneral boundary of the manor.Notes/Qualifications Regarding Survey:Additional Information Sources for this Building (s):Quinquennial Inspection Reports. October 2005 J.A Warner & PartnersCopies & CDs of this report held at:NT Area Office, Scotney (Curators’ Archive); NT Swindon Office, Heelis (Archaeological Archive);Sprivers Property Manager (Scotney Area Office): Archaeology South-East Office, Portslade.(Summary forms only) - County Council Archive (SMR); NMRC, Swindon;ii

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007ABSTRACTAn interpretive historic building survey of Sprivers Cottages and outbuilding,Horsmonden, Kent was commissioned by the National Trust in 2006.The site is 0.15 hectares and contains two buildings parallel to each other and whichfront onto the Lamberhurst Road. The main building is grade II listed and comprisesa pair of handed cottages built during the latter part of the 18 th century. Thesecottages are built of brick up to first floor level with timber framing above which hasbeen clad in plain clay tile. The form of construction of the timber framedemonstrates an innovative approach to maximising the use of available space whichallowed the upper floor of the outshot, usually only available for storage to be fullyutilised. The attic space was also in use from the outset.The outbuilding is also of timber frame construction over brick walling, although on asmaller scale than the house. It is constructed of largely reused timbers but is ofsome importance as outbuildings rarely survive or if they do are not usually surveyed.It is believed from the plan form, construction materials and relationship to thecottages that the outbuilding dates from the latter part of the 18 th century, howeverthis has not been proven through documentary research.During the 19 th century the cottages underwent alteration with a second roof pitchedover the outshot to give full height access across the upper storey of this area.Changes were also made in the service area with the construction of the copper andbread oven.Earliest map evidence for the cottages is 1840, although it appears that a buildingwas on the site from a 1775 plan and annotations on another plan of the same dateindicate rental was being paid for a cottage. The cottages were definitely part of theSprivers Estate by the early 19 th century and may have been earlier, but weresubsumed in general references to ‘buildings’The cottages and outbuilding are an important fairly intact survival of late 18 th centuryvernacular building forms with good preservation of internal layout and fixtures andfittings.Guidelines for the conservation and management for the cottages and outbuildingare set out.iii

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007CONTENTSPageAbstractList of FiguresList of Platesiiiviiviii1.0 Introduction 12.0 Scope and Methodology 13.0 Location 24.0 Historic Background 25.05.15.25.35.3.15.3.1.15.3.1.25.3.1.35.3.1.45.3.1.55.3.1.65.3.1.75.3.1.85.3.1.95.3.25.3.2.15.3.2.25.3.2.35.3.2.45.3.2.55.3.2.65.3.2.75.3.2.85.3.2.9Description Of Buildings As ExistingOverall LayoutThe Exterior (No. 1 & 2)The InteriorNo. 2 SpriversRoom 2.1.Room 2.2Room 2.3StairsRoom 2.4Room 2.5Room 2.6Room 2.7AtticNo. 1 SpriversRoom 1.1Room 1.2Room 1.3StairsRoom 1.4Room 1.5Room 1.6Room 1.7Attic5557888991010111111121212121313131414145.4 Outbuilding 156.0 Interpretation and Significance of the Historic Phasing ofthe Buildings157.07.17.2Key Conservation and Management ObjectivesGeneral Conservation GuidelinesSpecific Conservation Guidelines171818iv

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 20078.0 Sources Consulted 209.0 Acknowledgements 20AppendicesAppendix 1: List DescriptionAppendix 2: Tithe ApportionmentAppendix 3: Photographic recordAppendix 4: National Trust Boundary PlanAppendix 5: Will of Alexander Courthope 1780212223PlatesFiguresv

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1Figure 2Location PlanSite PlanFigure 3 Hasted 1775Figure 4Figure 51775 Survey of Hazle Street1840 Tithe MapFigure 6 1872 OS 6”Figure 7 1897 OS Second Edition 25”Figure 8 1908 OS 25”Figure 9Figure 10Figure 11Figure 12Figure 131938 OS 25” Revision of 2 nd Edition SheetGround Floor PlanFirst Floor PlanOutbuildings to No. 1 and No.2 SpriversPhase 1 Reconstruction: Section through A-Avi

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007LIST OF PLATESPlate 1Plate 2Plate 3Plate 4Plate 5Plate 6Plate 7Plate 8Plate 9Plate 10Plate 11No. 1 Sprivers – Front (North) ElevationNo. 2 Sprivers – Front (North) ElevationNo. 1 Sprivers – East ElevationNo 1 Sprivers – Rear (South) ElevationWindow in No.2 Sprivers – South ElevationNo. 2 Sprivers – West ElevationNo. 2 Sprivers – Brick PathNo.2 Sprivers – Room 2.1 FireplaceNo. 2 Sprivers – Front Door (interior view)No. 2 Sprivers – Room 2.2 Wall FramingNo. 2 Sprivers – Room 2.2 Window CatchPlate 12 No. 2 Sprivers – Room 2.3 Door to room 2.1Plate 13Plate 14Plate 15Plate 16No. 2 Sprivers – Room 2.3 CopperNo. 2 Sprivers – Room 2.3 Bread OvenNo. 2 Sprivers – Room 2.3 Interior of Bread OvenNo. 2 Sprivers – StaircasePlate 17 No. 2 Sprivers – Room 2.4Plate 18No. 2 Sprivers – Room 2.4 FireplacePlate 19 No. 2 Sprivers – Room 2.5 showing partition to Room 2.4Plate 20 No. 2 Sprivers – Room 2.5 showing ceiling and access toatticPlate 21 No. 2 Sprivers – Room 2.6Plate 22No. 2 Sprivers – Room 2.6 Doorwayvii

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007Plate 23Plate 24No. 2 Sprivers –Roof ConstructionNo. 2 Sprivers – Daub partition in atticPlate 25 No. 1 Sprivers – Room 1.1Plate 26No. 1 Sprivers – Front Door, interior viewPlate 27 No. 1 Sprivers – Room 1.2 Ceiling and partition to No. 2Plate 28 No.1 Sprivers – Door between Room 1.1 and 1.3Plate 29Plate 30No. 1 Sprivers – Room 1.3 Bread OvenNo. 1 Sprivers – Stair - Wall framing in west wallPlate 31 No. 1 Sprivers – Room 1.4Plate 32Plate 33No. 1 Sprivers – Room 1.5 showing partition and reusedtimbersNo. 1 Sprivers – Room 1.5 showing cross beamPlate 34 No. 1 Sprivers – Room 1.6Plate 35Plate 36Plate 37Plate 38Plate 39Plate 40Plate 41Plate 42No. 1 Sprivers - Room 1.6 showing carpenters marks onpostNo. 1 Sprivers – Room 1.7 showing post with over sailingtie beamNo. 1 Sprivers – Attic showing daubed partition betweenNo. 1 and No. 2 with straight collarNo. 1 Sprivers – Attic windowOutbuilding to No. 1 and No.2 SpriversOutbuilding to No. 1 and No.2 Sprivers – frameconstruction.Outbuilding to No. 2 Sprivers – DoorOutbuilding to No. 1 & No. 2 Sprivers – Wall claddingviii

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 00/May 20071.0 INTRODUCTIONArchaeology South East (a division of the Centre for Applied Archaeology,UCL) has been commissioned by the National Trust to carry out an historicbuilding survey of No.s 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages (see Figure 1). The NationalTrust requested this work as there is no vernacular building survey existing forthe building and this information is required to inform the ongoingmanagement and conservation of the cottages. The buildings are listed GradeII (see Appendix 1 for list description) and are part of the National TrustSprivers Estate which comprises 43.7 ha (108 acres) of parkland, orchard andwoods (see Appendix 4).2.0 SCOPE & METHODOLOGYThe aim of an interpretive historic building survey is to provide an overview ofthe date, sequence of construction and principal architectural features of abuilding. It should not be regarded as a detailed archaeological record, norshould it be taken as definitive.The assessment involved a visual inspection of the fabric, both internally andexternally as permitted under Health and Safety. No intrusive techniqueswere carried out, as this would have been inappropriate and potentiallydamaging to the property. Interpretation of the fabric and fittings thereforerelies principally upon inspection of the visible evidence.The visual inspection of the property was carried out on 21 st December 2006by P Massey and the author. The inspection and resulting interpretation hasbeen supported by existing floor plans of the cottages, produced by J.A.Warner & Partners as part of the Quinquennial Inspection in October andNovember 2005 which have been digitised and augmented, a digitalphotographic record of the structure (see Appendix 3) and a writtendescription.In addition to the site survey, limited documentary research was alsoundertaken. The following types of records were consulted at the Centre forKentish Studies, Maidstone Library, East Sussex Records Office and ASELibrary:• Maps – including estate, tithe and Ordnance Survey (OS).• Courthope Papers – ESRO (SAS/CO)• National Archives – Will of Alexander Courthope 1622, Alexander Courthope1780; John Duncan 1855• Secondary sources1

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 20073.0 LOCATIONNo.s 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages are located approximately 1km south of thevillage of Horsmonden, Kent on the Lamberhurst Road (B2162) at gridreference TQ 694 396. Opposite the cottages is the Sprivers Mansion Estate(See Figure 1). The adjoining land is mostly farmland and orchards to thesouth with woodland to the north, which comprises part of the Sprivers Estate.The cottages are situated in the High Weald of Kent (AONB), the geology ofwhich is defined by the Cretaceous Wealden Series, comprising the Hastingsand Weald Clay Groups. The Hastings Group form the core of the HighWeald along the border of Kent with Sussex and comprise the Ashdown Beds,the Wadhurst Clay and the Tunbridge Wells Sands, a variable series ofdeposits importantly containing ironstone that was exploited from Romantimes to the 17 th century (Young 2004: 1). The BGS 1:50,000 series Sheet 304(Tenterden) locates Sprivers Cottages on the Tunbridge Wells Sand deposits.Sprivers Cottages are situated at 79.5m OD to the west of River Teise on anorth west facing slope that runs down into a tributary of the Teise.4.0 HISTORIC BACKGROUNDA limited amount of documentary research was undertaken at the Centre forKentish Studies, Maidstone, Maidstone Library and East Sussex RecordsOffice. Although Sprivers Cottages are located in Kent the property, as part ofthe Sprivers Estate, was in the ownership of the Courthope Family at the timeit was acquired by the National Trust with an endowment under the will ofRobert Courthope in 1966.The name Courthope is an old one in the north of East Sussex 1 , three men ofthat name being listed at Wadhurst in 1296. It is associated primarily with themanor and house of Whiligh in the parish of Ticehurst, which was held by thefamily since the early 15 th century. Courthope was also common north of theKent border in the Middle Ages, e.g at Lamberhurst, Cranbrook, Goudhurstetc. The assumption is generally made that there was a common origin forthese early Courthopes, but the connections have not been definitively made 2 .The Hundred of Brenchley and Horsmonden was located in the lathe, or lest(one of the administrative districts into which Kent was divided, eachcomprising several hundreds 3 ) of Alyesford but is not mentioned inDomesday 4 . In 1272 as well as 1347 it was called the Hundred of Brenchley1 Background to the Courthope Family taken from the text of a talk given by Roger Davey (ESRO) atWhiligh on 5 th June 1996: The Courthope Papers (SAS/CO)2 ibid3 Lathes or lests set out in the Canterbury Monarchorum which is a Canterbury document containing adescription of the Canterbury estate and contains copy of the original returns from which Domesdaywas compiled (VCH Vol 3 p. 179)4 Page, W (ed). Victoria County History of Kent Vol 3. p. 1802

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007only. The addition since of the name Horsmonden is no more than the nameof one of the two half hundreds into which this hundred was then divided 5 . TheKing and the Archbishop of Canterbury were the lords of this hundred.At the time Hasted was writing (c.1775) Horsmonden was a small parish 4miles north to south and 1-2 miles wide. Horsmonden Heath was the onlysettlement in the parish and comprised houses constructed around a smallgreen (see Figure 3), the rest of the houses being dispersed.Sprivers was a manor situated on the western side of the parish, which hadanciently owners of that name, one of whom Robert Sprivers, died possessedof it in 1447 and by his will devised it to his son of the same name. 6 After thisfamily became extinct the Vanes became proprietors and from whom it passedinto the name of Bathurst in the reign of Elizabeth I.Bathurst alienated to Malbert and from thence again to Morgan in which nameit remained until it was sold to Thomas Holman of Sandhurst (gent.) in 1695 7 .However from the documentary evidence it appears that the estate wasdivided into Lower and Upper Sprivers which were in separate ownership butwere united again by the purchase of the various parts by John Courthope ofHale between 1700 and 1704 8 .Hale, which is located to the south of Sprivers (see Figure 3) was owned bythe Courthopes at least since 1644 when it was settled to AlexanderCourthope and Ann Courthope 9 by Peter Courthope of Cranbrook. It appearsfrom the documentary evidence that the Courthopes had been successfulclothiers in Cranbrook, particularly Alexander Courthope (d. 1608) whofounded the clothier dynasty in the late 14 th century 10When John Courthope died he was left by his wife, a son Alexander and fivedaughters all of whom died unmarried, except Barbara, who married Mr Coleof Marden and had two sons, John and Peter 115 Hasted. 1972 edt. The History & Topographical Survey of the County of Kent. Vol V6 ibid p. 3157 ESRO ref. SAS-CO/1/237 17/09/1695 Release of Messuage etc. called Sprivers to the said ThomasHolman of Sandhurst. Gent.8 ESRO ref. SAS-CO/1/1072. 01/02/1700. Edward Stephens and Anne his wife to John Courthope ofHale. Deed of sale of said messuage etc, for £185.00.ESRO ref. SAS-CO/1/1113 01/02/1703. Spreevors Court of Thos. Holman. In which it is stated thatEdward Stephens had alienated messuage to John Courthope.ESRO ref. SAS-CO/1/239. 26/04/1704. Deed of sale. Thomas Holman to John Courthope ofHorsmonden. Upper Sprevors for £360ESRO ref SAS-CO/1/240. 24/01/1704. William Benge of Wadhurst to John courthope. Deed of Saleof Lower Sprevors etc. late in the occupation of John Brown. Gent died. £8009 ESRO ref. DAN/144. 03/04/1644. Settlement between Peter Courthope (a) of Cranbrook, esq;Alexander Courthope, gent (b), youngest son of (a); Ann Courthope (c), relict of Henry Courthope,gent, son and heir of (a). I messuage called Hale and land (170acres) in Horsmonden.10 Andrews, J. Industries in Kent. 1500-1600 p.114 in M. Zell. 2000. Early Modern Kent 1540-1640.11 Hasted. 1972 edt. P.3173

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007Alexander Courthope, the son, carried out extensive works on Sprivers.Hasted reports that he rebuilt the mansion house at some distance the ancientone while Pevsner 12 states that in 1756 Alexander Courthope encased histimber framed house in brick and new fronted it with a brick block to the east.Alexander Courthope died unmarried in 1779, and by his will gave all his realestate to his nephew John Cole esq. and his descendents in tail, i.e theproperty must succeed to descendents and cannot be sold or bequeathed,failing which it reverts to the donor or the donors heirs or assigns. In default ofthis position he gave the capital messuage called Sprivers with the barns,stables, outhouses, buildings and yards plus various other property to GeorgeCourthope, son of George Courthope of Uckfield (see Appendix 5 for full textof the will). There is no specific mention of the cottages, although thereference to ‘buildings’ under the description of the capital messuage mayrefer to this site.Hasted’s map of 1775 (Figure 3) illustrates Sprivers and shows the site ofSprivers Cottages. The plan suggests that there is a property on the site ofthe cottages however it is not that clear particularly as a boundary lineappears to terminate at the mid point of what would be the cottages.Another plan of the same date (Figure 4) is useful in terms of identifying theownership of the plot at that time and whether it was part of the Spriversestate. This plan is a survey and map of Hazle Street belonging to theReverend Baker and illustrates that the parcels of land surrounding thecottages were in the ownership of the Revd Baker, but that the plot itself,which is somewhat larger than the current extent, was owned by James orJohn Austen, the latter being a London merchant who was son and heir toJohn Austen of Broadford, Horsmonden, descendent of Austens who werealso clothiers 13 . No further information could be found regarding JamesAusten. There are no dwellings indicated on this plot, however that is notunexpected as this land was not the subject and purpose of the survey. Thereis however a later handwritten annotation on the site of the cottages stating‘rented at £8.00 with a cottage’ The style of the handwriting would suggest anearly 1800s date (C Whittick pers comm..)There are a number of documents within the Courthope archive relating to thesale and lease of land between John Austen and Alexander Courthope 14however there is no clear evidence that these documents relate to the site ofthe Cottages.By 1840 the land shown in the 1775 survey of Hazel Street belonging to theRevd Baker was now in the ownership and occupation of Thomas Vine,12 Newman, J. 1980. West Kent and the Weald in Pevsner (ed) The Buildings of England.13 ESRO ref: SAS-CO/1/624. 01/06/1629. refs in SAS-CO/1/1308 to family line of Austen.14 See ESRO ref; SAS-CO/1/1308. 04/07/1748 Mr John Austen - Lease for a year of several parcels ofland in Horsmonden and Brenchley to Mr Alex. Courthope.ESRO ref: SAS-CO/1/1309. 05/07/1748. Mr John Austen. Release in fee and several parcels of landin Horsmonden and Brenchley to Alex. Courthope4

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007whereas the plot that had belonged at that time to James or John Austenremained in separate ownership. The area of the cottages was owned byGeorge Campion Courthope and the remainder of the plot was owned andoccupied by George Hodgkinson (see Appendix 2). The tithe map of 1840(see Figure 5) and the apportionment indicate the presence of the cottage andthat it was owned by the Courthopes, who owned Sprivers, at this time but donot shed any light on the occupants. The 1841 and 1851 census returns donot provide any information on the occupants of the Sprivers Cottagesspecifically.A lease of 1903 does make specific reference to Sprivers Cottages 15 , or atleast one of the cottages – the northernmost one. The lease requires thetenant to repair and maintain all demised property and not to assign orunderlet or part with the possession of the messuage cottage.The tithe map and apportionment does not specifically identify the outbuildingsto the cottages, but this is not unexpected. Similarly the 1872 6” OS (Figure 6)indicates the cottages but the scale is such that the outbuildings, if they werepresent would not be shown. What the plan does illustrate is the division of thegarden between the two cottages, which is retained to the present day.The 1897 OS second edition 25” map (Figure 7) illustrates the cottages andthe outbuildings on the triangular plot which remains unchanged in the 1908OS 25” map (Figure 8). The 1938 Revision to the 2nd Edn. 25” OS map(Figure 9) shows the cottages but omits the outbuilding.5.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING/S AS EXISTING (DECEMBER 2006)5.1 Overall LayoutThe curtilage of Sprivers Cottages, as shown in Figure 2, extends to 0.15hectares and slopes gently up towards the south. The plot is triangular inshape and contains two buildings with the main building fronting ontoLamberhurst Road.The building (marked 1, 2 on Figure 2) is a grade II listed building and isaligned upon a south-west / north east axis and occupies the north east cornerof the plot. There is an outbuilding located to the rear of the building on thesame alignment, which is also included within the listing.The building comprises a pair of handed semi-detached cottages of compositeconstruction with mass brick walling at ground floor level and end walls and15 ACC 6077 15/22 Leases, valuations & inventories including Sprivers 1843-1905. GeorgeCourthope to Sir Stanley de Astel Calvert Clarke (Equerry to the King) lease of messuage or tenementcalled Sprivers with the coach house stables, outbuildings, gardens, pleasure grounds & orchard…. &also the northernmost of a pair of cottages known as Sprivers Cottages. £275.005

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007timber framing of standard assembly above 16 . It is of double pile layout withtile hanging at first floor, terminal chimneys, gabled ends and plain clay tileroof. Accommodation is provided on the ground and first floor with atticaccess. The outbuilding is of timber framed construction on a low brick wallwith a plain clay tile roof.5.2 The Exterior (No. 1 & 2)The cottages form a building of two equal length parts, which are a mirrorimage of each other. The north west elevation, hereafter referred to as north,is constructed of brick in Flemish bond (1 brick thick) to just below first floorlevel where the brickwork corbels out (see Plates 1 & 2). Above this theelevation is tile hung with plain clay tile up to eaves height. Each cottage hasa slightly off centred doorway flanked by two casement windows, one of twolights with two over three panes on each light, the other, three lights with twoover three panes on each light. At first floor level on each cottage are afurther two windows, aligned directly above the ground floor windows and ofthe same arrangement. Between the two halves of the building is set a datestone with the initials AC and the date 1779.The door openings are simple with bead moulding to the frames. Each doorhas a projecting moulded wooden hood, with a lead covering. The doors areplank and batten with beaded joints between the planks, which are uniformsize. No.1 has a fixed upright iron door handle with leaf shaped ends and acentral letter box opening with stylised leaf shaped decoration. No. 2 retainsthe original Norfolk latch and has a plain letter box opening.The north east elevation, hereafter referred to as east, is constructed of brickin Flemish bond up to first floor level, above which it is hung with plain clay tile,except in the area of the chimney. The elevation is comprised of a twin gable,the northern one being of greater height (see Plate 3). The chimney on thenorthern half rises from ground to first floor where it steps in above the firstfloor fireplace and rises through the attic to terminate in a stack. Thebrickwork is Flemish bond at the ground floor level, English bond in limemortar at first floor level with three courses of stretcher bond towards the topof this area of brickwork. Above this the brickwork appears to have beenpointed in sand and cement. The stack has over sailing brickwork at the topwith a brick detail at the base of the over sailing. There are two chimney pots,indicating two flues.The southern range also exhibits a terminal chimney, which rises to first floorin Flemish bond. It rises through the first floor with an ill defined bond, thensteps in, on the north side, at eaves level and continues to rise through theattic to the stack which exhibits a similar style of over sailing brickwork (seePlate 3). There are three chimney pots on this stack.16 Standard assembly is where the tie beam is dovetailed over the wall plate and the both the wallplate and tie beam are independently mortice and tenoned to the principal post below.6

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007There is a small two light casement window with diagonal leaded lights locatedin the northern range to the north of the chimney stack at attic level (see Plate3).The south east elevation, hereafter referred to as south is brick built in Flemishbond to first floor level. The brick does not corbel out. There are brickbuttresses located at intervals across the south elevation. Above this it is tilehung to eaves level (see Plate 4). There is a door located at the east andwest end of the elevation respectively, this is similar to the door frame anddoor on the north front elevation in that it is plank and batten with beadedjoints. Adjacent to each door is a window with segmental arch in brick oversquared frame of three lights with 2 over 3 panes in each light. There is afurther window to each cottage at ground floor level. This is a two lightwindow – in No. 1 this is a casement within a wooden frame with 2 panes ineach light separated by a horizontal glazing bar. In No.2 this window is nonopening, is in a wooden frame with two lights, each of which has diagonalleading and iron saddle bars (see Plate 5)At first floor level centred above the door and window openings is a furthercasement window of three lights. The central light opens and is of 2 paneswith central glazing bar. The two remaining lights are leaded (see Plate 4).There is a further window at first floor which is located above the two lightwindow described above.The south west elevation, hereafter referred to as west, is similar to the eastend elevation in constructional detail, however there is no window opening atattic level. The brickwork to the chimney in the northern range is constructedin Flemish bond to first floor level. The chimney in the southern range isconstructed slightly differently to that at the other end of the building. Thischimney steps in at first floor level, at the same height as the northernchimney and then rises through the first floor and attic. The stack is slightlysmaller than the one in No. 1 and has two chimney pots.There are brick paths up to each house from the Lamberhurst Road (see Plate7) that continue around the ends of each cottage and across the rear betweenthe main building and the outbuilding.5.3 The InteriorBoth cottages have a similar internal layout (see Figure 10). The northernrange of the building comprises of four unequal length bays, two in eachcottage. At ground floor level the end bay of each is the largest and has afireplace built into the end wall. The two internal bays contain a room and thestair access to the first floor. The southern range of the building comprises theservice functions and is also of four bays. The end walls of each cottagecontain a bread oven, fire place and copper, the latter still in situ in No.2 butremoved from No.1. Access to each cottage is through the rear door of theproperty, although the front door to No. 2 is still used.7

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007At first floor level the northern range reflects the arrangement on the groundfloor (see Figure 11). The southern range varies slightly between the twocottages with the main difference being the arrangement of the two internalrooms (no.s 1.7 & 2.7 on Figure 11). The rooms are of unequal size with No.1 being slightly larger than that of No. 2 – this is evident by the presence of thetie beam, which marks the position of the party wall, projecting into room 1.7.The attic spaces of both cottages are boarded and accessible, although No. 2was inspected from the hatch only as it had recently had a thick layer of glassfibre insulation laid across it.The following detailed descriptions of the Cottages start with No. 2 Sprivers asthis cottage has more of the historic fabric visible than No. 1 Sprivers.Reference should be made to Figures 10 and 11 for room numbers.5.3.1 No. 2 Sprivers5.3.1.1 Room 2.1 is entered directly from the front door, although it was notoperational at the time of the survey, and also from the rear service range. Ithas always been the principal ground floor room. It is 3.35 x 3.8m in size.The walls are finished in plaster with no framing visible. Along the west wall isthe fireplace which was originally a wide cooking hearth (Plate 8). The originalopening is extant and the bressumer survives in situ. Above the fireplace andset forward of it is the original floor beam spanning from the front to the rearwall of the room, the timber plate at the front of the building or in the rearpartition is not visible, although the latter is visible from Room 2.3. Tenonedinto this beam is the cross beam which spans east to west and joins the nextfloor beam at the partition. Floor joists are tenoned into the north and southfaces of the cross beam at regular intervals (see Plate 8). The beam haschamfered edges with plain stops.The floor was covered and thus not visible at the time of the survey. Thesingle window to the room has three lights as described above. The frame isdowelled at the corners. The glazing bars are ovolo mouldings. The interiorof the front door has a painted finish (Plate 9). The battens, which have beennailed to the planks, have chamfered edges. The door furniture is original –the round ended strap hinges and the latch mechanism.5.3.1.2 Room 2.2 is accessed from the north east corner of room 2.1. The entranceto this room is at right angles to the front door. The room is square at 2.8 x2.87m in size. This room was a secondary room as evidenced by the framingvisible in the partition wall between room 2.1 and 2.2 (Plate 10). In the southwall there is a door (seen in Plate 10), which accesses the storage cupboardunder the stairs as well as the service range behind (room 2.3). Theremaining walls are finished in plaster. The floor joists for the room above arevisible in the ceiling and span from east to west. The window is a singleopening casement with two lights. The frame is solid wood and dowelled8

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007joints visible in the head of the frame. The glazing bars are ovolo mouldedand the window catch has a simple moulded knob handle (see Plate 11).5.3.1.3 Room 2.3 is the service part of the cottage. It is 6.35m x 2.81m in size andruns the full length of the cottage. It is at a slightly lower level than thenorthern range of the house and it is necessary to step down over the groundsill to gain access. The kitchen is accessed via a door in the rear southelevation with another doorway through to room 2.1. This latter door is ofplank and batten construction with strap hinges and a Norfolk latch (see Plate12). There is a further door to the understair cupboard referred to above. Thisis a later opening as evidenced by the empty mortice located on the ground sillthat forms the threshold to the cupboard as well as the remains of the studabove the door (see Plate 12). Access to the first floor is via a door at the eastend of the kitchen. This door is also plank and batten with round ended straphinges.The wall between the kitchen and room 2.1 has visible framing in the form ofvertical studs between the wall plate and ground cill (see Plate 12), this isindicative of an internal wall into a secondary space and not an external wall.The south wall is of brick and plaster and the east wall is also plastered buthas the shadow of a tie beam visible (see No. 1 Sprivers below). The westwall is taken up by a bread oven, fireplace and copper – all still in situ (seePlates 13, 14). These are of brick construction with a painted surface finish.The interior of the bread oven is u-shaped and runs back 1370mm (54”), it isconstructed of square thin bricks (see Plate 15). There is an empty mortice inthe post situated to the north of the bread oven, which indicates that the breadoven post dates the construction of the wall.There are two windows in the south wall. Both have been described above.The window to the east is illustrated in Plate 5 and is an original windowframe, which is of solid wood constructed – the dowels are visible in the headof the frame. The other window is a later insertion. It is three lights with 2 over3 panes in each with a central opening light. The window catch is a spiral andthe stay is a simple knob stay, both date from the 19 th century.There is an unadorned square section beam running north to south across theroom in line with the partition between rooms 2.1 and 2.2. It is however at alower level than that structure (see Plate12) and corresponds to the drop infloor level described above.5.3.1.4 Access to the first floor is gained via the stairs, which are located in the northeast corner of the kitchen. These rise directly from the ground sill with a seriesof winders to run parallel with the wall between 2.2 and 2.3 (see Figure 10 &Plate 16). It was not possible to view the stair construction from below. Theinternal wall is of daub construction and the rear southern wall is plastered. Atthe top of the southern wall of the stair case the top wall plate is visible withthe ceiling joists running over the top of the plate. At the top of the stairs arethree door ways.9

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 20075.3.1.5 Directly ahead is Room 2.4 the principal chamber (Plate 17). This room is3.353m x 3.940m (excluding the cupboard adjacent to the fire place which is1070mm deep). The floor is boarded with 125mm (5”) regular pine boardsthat have been laid directly on top of the original floor, which can be seen atthe threshold to the room. The walls are of plaster finish with no framingvisible, although there is a principal post with splay cut jowl visible on the northelevation with the top wall plate tenoned into it (see Plate 17). The tie beamand principal post are inset from the end wall by 200mm (8”) and there are twoshort beams tenoned into the west face of the tie beam, which then pass intothe brickwork of the end wall and terminal chimney. The post and beams areof fairly slim dimensions being 150mm (6”) square with joists 70mm (3”)square. The partition with room 2.5 is aligned below the tie beam and theprincipal post is visible in the wall structure. In the ceiling the cross beamspans from west to east between the two tie beams with joists tenoned intothe cross beam and the wall plates front and rear. Beams and joists are allchamfered with plain chamfer stops.There is a fireplace in the west wall that has been reduced in size and aVictorian grate inserted (see Plate 18). The door to the room has been hungso that the flush side is facing into the room. It is a plank and batten door1650mm high by 775mm wide. It is made up of irregular planks ranging insize from 125mm to 240mm. The hinges are strap hinges with rounded endsand the latch is a Norfolk latch. The door frame is constructed within thepartition between room 2.4 and 2.5 and the jowl to the wall post which marksthe frame of the door has been hacked off. There is an empty mortice in thispost which has no obvious function within this frame (i.e there are nocorresponding mortices in the underside of the tie beam) which leads to theview that the timber has been reused, which may also explain why the jowlhas been hacked off. The door to the cupboard adjacent to the fireplace isalso plank and batten, with a wooden latch.5.3.1.6 Turning right at the top of the stairs is the door to Room 2.5, which is asecondary parlour as it is unheated. This is 2.85 m x 2.8m in size. The floor iscurrently carpeted, however it is possible to see that it is boarded with oakboards, although not enough to measure their dimensions. The walls areplaster finished, although framing is visible in the partition between room 2.4and 2.5 and in the front elevation (see Plate 19). The studs are tenoned intothe tie beam, however the diagonal straight braces have been nailed on andthe studs are similarly nailed to the braces. The top wall plate has a bladedscarf joint where the partition between room 2.4 and 2.5 is located. There areno pegs or peg holes on the top wall plate in the north (front) elevationindicating that there were no studs in the front elevation and also that nowindow had been constructed at that level.There is a cross beam spanning from east to west which carries the joists forthe attic floor. The beam is 150mm square and joists are 70mm square, bothare chamfered. An opening has been cut through the joists to make anaccess to the attic (Plate 20) – this has been nailed to the tie beam and thejoist.10

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007The door to room 2.5 has also been hung so that the flush side faces into theroom. It is 170mm high and 810mm wide, it is boarded and ledged with theboards ranging in size from 200 to 240mm. The boards are bead jointed. Thehinges are strap hinges with rounded ends and the latch is a Norfolk latch.5.3.1.7 Turning left at the top of the stairs and down a step is a small vestibule thatprovides access to room 2.7, the bathroom and Room 2.6. The latter room is3.80m (excluding depth of fire) x 3.02m and is rectangular in shape (seeFigure 12 and Plate 21). The walls and ceiling are plaster finished and noconstructional details are visible. In the west wall is a Victorian arched castiron fire place. The floor is boarded with pine. The window is of three lightswith 2 over 3 panes in each, with ovolo moulded glazing bars. The centrallight opens.An interesting feature of this room, which provides an important clue regardingthe history and development of the cottage, is the door opening (see Plate 22).The frame has been constructed with the south top corner removed and anangled edge included to accommodate the slope of the roof.5.3.1.8 Adjacent to room 2.6 is Room 2.7. This is currently used as a bathroom andhas plastered walls and ceiling with no visible construction details. Howeverwithin the cupboard on the north wall vertical studs of the wall constructionbetween the stairwell and the bathroom are visible. These are of similarproportion to those seen in the partition between room 2.4 and 2.5.5.3.1.9 The Attic is accessed through a hatch in room 2.5 (see Plate 20). Physicalaccess was not possible during the survey as the attic had recently had a quiltof fibre glass insulation laid, however it was possible to look into the space.The roof is of clasped purlin construction with uniform rafters, i.e. no principalrafters (see Plate 23). It has three curved collars all with chamfered edgesand one straight collar located at the chimney end. The collars are located atthe tie beams and midway between. The collars have been hewn and pitsawn and are morticed and tenoned into the rafters (the pegs are visible). Therafters are constructed from fairly rough squared poles with lots of sap woodand have an open mortice and tenon at the apex.At the rear of the roof there are short ashlar posts creating a partition that hasbeen partly daubed (see Plate 24). There is also evidence of daub on theupper faces of the rafters to support the view that the underside of the tileswere daubed as well.The floor is boarded in oak boards, which are integral to the originalconstruction of the house. Due to the lack of access it was not possible toascertain whether there was originally a window adjacent to the chimney in thewest end.The arrangement of the framing indicates that the chimney was integrated intothe fabric at the outset and was not a later addition.11

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007It was not possible to gain access to the roof space over the southern range.Plate 24 indicates significant modern intervention in the creation of a raisedvalley between the two roofs. Observations made within the attic of No. 1indicate that the southern roof is of softwood construction.5.3.2 No. 1 Sprivers5.3.2.1 Room 1.1 was originally entered directly from the front door, which iscurrently fixed closed and also from the rear service range. It has alwaysbeen the principal ground floor room. It is 3.35 x 3.8m in size. The walls arefinished in plaster, with no framing visible. Along the east wall is the fireplacewhich was originally a wide cooking hearth (Plate 25) but which has beeninfilled to create a smaller narrow opening. The bressumer remains in situ.Above the bressumer and set forward of it is the original floor beam spanningfrom the front to the rear wall of the room. Tenoned into this beam is thecrossbeam that spans east / west to the floor beam in the next bay and hasfloor joists tenoned into the north and south sides at regular intervals. Thisbeam has chamfered edges with plain stops.The floor was covered in carpet and the materials below not visible. Thesingle window to the room has three lights as described above. The glazingbars are ovolo mouldings. The internal face of the front door has beenstripped of paint and is made of pine (Plate 26). The battens have chamferededges and have been nailed to the planks. The door has round ended straphinges.5.3.2.2 Room 1.2 is accessed directly from room 1.1 through a doorway in thepartition. The doorway is orthogonal to and adjacent to the front door. Theroom is square (2.87m wide by 2.8m deep). This room was a secondary roomas evidenced by the visible wall framing between 1.2 and room 1.1. There isaccess to the service range from this room via a cupboard under the stairs.The south wall is tongue and groove boarding. The floor joists are visible inthe ceiling and span east to west (see Plate 27). The door is 1700mm x790mm (66¾” x 31”) with uniform board widths between 200mm and 215mm(8-8½”)5.3.2.3 Room 1.3 is the service part of the house. Its combined length is 6.93m andit is 2.81m wide. It is accessed either from the back door, described above orfrom room 1.1 down a step and through a plank and batten door (see Plate28) with round ended hinges. Adjacent to this door is a smaller door whichprovides access to the under stair storage and room 1.2. This door is a laterinsertion as evidenced by the empty mortice in the ground sill and thetruncated stud visible above the door head.In the east end wall of room 1.3 is a bread oven and fireplace (Plate 29),constructed of brick. The bread oven has a tiled interior and is 1255mm deep.12

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007There had been a copper in the south west corner of the kitchen adjacent tothe fireplace. This has been removed.A tie beam is visible in the wall between No. 1 and No.2. This is at a lowerheight than the top wall plate onto which it should rest in the south rear wall,which suggests that it has been reused, or the wall has been raised in height.There was originally a second tie beam spanning from the post between thedoor to room 1.1 and the cupboard (see Plate 28). This has been cut awaybut the remains of the tenon are visible. This is at a lower height than the wallplate which is tenoned into the post, replicating the situation in No. 2 Sprivers.Access to the first floor is through a four panel door at the west end of thisroom.5.3.2.4 The Stairs rise directly from the ground sill to a series of winders to runparallel to rooms 1.3 and 1.2. Framing in the west wall behind the stairs isvisible where a post with splay cut jowled head, vertical studs and straightbrace, plus the tie beam and top wall plate are all evident (see Plate 30). Theceiling joists span from within Room 1.5 to the top wall plate visible at the topof the stairwell.5.3.2.5 Directly ahead at the top of the stairs is Room 1.4 the principal chamber ofthe cottage (Plate 31). This room is 3.35m x 3.95m (excluding the cupboardadjacent to the fire place which is 1070mm deep). The floor is carpeted andthe finishes below not visible. The walls are plaster finished with no framingvisible, although there is a post (150mm square) with a splay cut jowl visible inthe north elevation where the frame construction is expressed (see Plate 31).This principal post and tie beam is inset from the end wall. The top wall platecontinues on from the principal post towards the end wall. There are also twoshort beams tenoned into the side of the tie beam which extend into thebrickwork of the terminal chimneys. In the ceiling the cross beams span fromwest to east between the two tie beams with joists tenoned into the crossbeam and the walls plates front and rear. Beams and joists are all chamferedwith plain chamfer stops.There is a fireplace in the east wall that has been reduced in size (the originalopening is just visible in Plate 31) and a Victorian grate and surround inserted.It now has a wood burning stove placed in front of the grate.The door to the room is boarded and ledged, 1680mm x 755mm with randomwidth boards (215-255mm) with beaded joints and original door furniture. Thedoor to the cupboard adjacent to the fireplace is plank and batten, with awooden latch and strap hinges with rounded ends.5.3.2.6 Turning left at the top of the stairs is the door to Room 1.5, which is asecondary unheated parlour (see Figure 11). This is 2.89m x 2.8m in size.The floor is carpeted and the material below not visible. The walls are plasterfinished, although the framing is visible in the partition between room 1.4 and1.5 (see Plate 32). The studs are of a larger dimension (100-130mm) than13

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007those used elsewhere in No. 1 and No. 2 Sprivers and a number of them showevidence of being reused (see plate 32 – notches and mortices in stud). Thetie beam is visible in the partition between No.1 and No.2 Sprivers but theframing is not and the wall has been plastered up to the underside of the tiebeam.There is a cross beam spanning from east to west which carries the joists forthe attic floor (see Plate 33). The beam is 150mm square and joists are70mm square, both are chamfered. An opening has been cut through thejoists to make an access to the attic (see Plate 33).The door to the room is 1700mm x 743mm. It is boarded and ledged with theboards flush to the outside face. The boards range in size from 215-255mm.5.3.2.7 Turning right at the top of the stairs and down a step is a small vestibule thatprovides access to room 1.7, the bathroom and Room 1.6. This room is4.75m (excluding depth of fire) x 3.02m and is rectangular in shape. The wallsand ceiling are plaster finished and elements of framing are visible in the wallbetween room 1.6 and 1.4 (see Plate 34). There are two points of note here.The first is that the tie beam projects over the top wall plate into the room andterminates a short distance, 405mm (16½ “) thereafter. The second is that theface of the eastern most post has evidence of carpenters marks on it (seePlate 35). These take the form of two semi circles on opposite sides of acentral line, below which are three lines meeting at a single point. Thesemarks are likely to be framing marks used by the carpenters in the fabricationand erection of the building.The floor in room 1.6 is pine boards ranging in size from 150-170mm. Thereis a central window, 1350mm wide x 950 mm high. This has a central openinglight with ovolo moulded glazing bars. The two lights are leaded with saddlebars.5.3.2.8 Adjacent to room 1.6 is Room 1.7, which is currently used as a bathroom.The floor is carpeted and the walls finished with plaster and wall paper. Thenorthern wall has framing visible and there is also a post with over sailing tiebeam at the western end of the room, as described above in room 1.6 (seePlate 36). Elsewhere in the cottage this post and tie beam marks the partitionbetween No. 1 and No.2 yet for some reason there is additional space in thisroom and the partition is moved west by 200mm (8”).5.3.2.9 The Attic is accessed through a hatch in room 1.5 (see Plate 33). Access tothe attic was possible, however there was much material stored in the spaceand thus it was not easy to move about or take photographs. The roof is ofclasped purlin construction with uniform rafters, i.e no principal rafters. It hasthree curved and chamfered collars and two straight collars – one located infront of the chimney stack and the second in the partition between No. 1 and 2(see Plate 37). This partition is daubed to full height indicating that the twocottages were separate structures from the outset. The rafters areconstructed from fairly rough squared poles with lots of sapwood and have an14

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007open mortice and tenon at the apex. The collars are numbered pairs but thenumbers are not in sequence, which could suggest that the roof has beenreused or that the trusses were erected out of sequence by mistake. Thenumbering also only works within No. 1 and doesn’t follow through to No.2Sprivers.At the rear of the roof to the northern range there are short ashlar postscreating a partition that has been partly daubed. There is also evidence ofdaub on the upper faces of the rafters indicating that the underside of the tileswere also daubed. There is now a membrane between the rafters and thetiles.In the east elevation adjacent to the chimney there is a window (see Plate 38).This is an opening two light casement made of iron with leaded lights. In thewall to the north of the chimney the timber frame and daub infill is visible andthe wall to the south of the chimney has also been daubed. In the oak boardsat this location a small hole has been cut through to reveal a void, which runsvertically through the building.It was not possible to gain access to the roof space over the southern range.The same intervention visible in the roof of No. 2 was visible in No. 1 – alsothe rafters had been painted white.5.4 Outbuilding.There is a small outbuilding located to the south of and parallel to the cottages(See Figure 13, Plates 39, 40). This is 7.5m x 2.5m. It is of timber frameconstruction and comprises 4 bays, which have been subdivided by a centralpartition wall into two bay spaces for each cottage. There are two door ways,one in the eastern gable elevation and the second in the northern elevationnearly opposite the rear door to No. 2 (Plate 41). The frame rests on a lowwall of 225mm brickwork. The exterior is clad in vertical pine boards with onearea, on the northern elevation, of wide elm boards (see Plate 42). The roof isof clay tile on split laths. The timbers used in the construction of theoutbuilding have evidence of a prior use.6.0 INTERPRETATION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE HISTORIC PHASING OF THE BUILDINGSPHASE 1: 1760 (+/- 20 years)The cottages were originally built as a pair of handed cottages, which isevident in their layout and in the position of the terminal chimneys as well as infeatures such as the surviving daub partition in the attic. This places them inthe mid to late 18 th century, as prior to this most rural vernacular structureswere single dwellings. They were of composite construction of mass brickwalling at ground floor level with timber framing above, which is a feature ofthe 18 th century as it was an innovation of the time (Martin & Martin 1989:119). The timber frame was always intended to be tile hung rather thanexposed, which is evident in the way the brick work corbels out above first15

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007floor level. The use of brick in the original construction is also indicative of thelate 18 th century as prior to this date it was not common for small houses andcottages to use brick in the external walls (ibid: 91).Internally the slender dimensions of the timbers reflect the increasing concernin the 18 th century for economy brought about by a scarcity of timber, a featurealso recognisable in the quality of the timber used, particularly in the roof andwall studs where there is much sapwood evident. Similarly the reuse of timberwas much more common in the late 17 th and 18 th centuries reflecting thescarcity of timber and there is some evidence within both No. 1 and No. 2Sprivers and the outbuilding for reuse of timbers.When the cottages were originally built the rear range took the form of anoutshot with catslide roof, terminating on the rear wall which was single storeyheight. However in order to maximise the available space and allow the rearrooms under the cat slide to be used the rear principal post stepped inallowing the tie beam to oversail it and carry a flying plate that supported therafters (see Figure 12). This is evident within No. 1 Sprivers in the oversailingtie beams visible in room 1.6 and 1.7 (Plate 36) and in No. 2 Sprivers in thedoor frame to room 2.6 (Plate 22). In addition the lower level of the floor andtie beam in the rear service range and the step down to rooms 1.6, 1.7 2.6and 2.7 illustrates how the frame was configured to allow access to and use ofthese upper rooms which traditionally would have been used for storage. Inthe attic the daubed ashlar posts are aligned with the top wall plate andstepped in principal post. There are relatively few recorded instances of theover sailing tiebeam which makes this building both unusual and aninteresting example of the design solutions devised by 18 th century carpentersto address the issue of maximising available space.It is also likely that there was a fireplace within these rooms as the externalbrickwork of the chimney does not appear to have been rebuilt above the levelof the fireplace, i.e where it steps in (see Plate 6).The attic would have been used from the outset, as evidenced by the floorconstruction and boarding, plus the daubed finish to the partition wall, the stubwall at the rear and the indicators of daub on the rafters. It is unfortunate thatit was not possible to establish if there was a window adjacent to the chimneyin No. 2 Sprivers, however the tile hanging on the external elevation in thislocation has been replaced and may indicate the blocking of the window.Access to the attic is slightly problematic, as the extant aperture has been cutthrough ceiling joists, however the arrangement is exactly the same in bothcottages, which leads to the conclusion that this was an intentional operationfollowing completion of the structure. There are also no other obvious areasof access.The outbuilding was most likely to have been constructed in the mid to late18 th century at the same time as the cottages as the form of construction andlayout reflects that of the house. It is difficult to date precisely as much of the16

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007material used in the construction is reused, however the brickwork is of asimilar style and construction which taken together with the other factors leadsto the view that it is contemporary with the cottages.The date stone on the house could be indicative of its date of construction,however the date 1779 and the initials AC represent the year when AlexanderCourthope, the owner of Sprivers died. Unfortunately the documentaryresearch undertaken could not specifically put the land that the cottages areon in the ownership of Alexander Courthope. It was owned by theCourthopes subsequently but was rarely referred to specifically as wasgenerally included within the capital messuage of Sprivers.PHASE 2: 1869 (+/- 20 years)There appears to have been little change to the buildings until the mid to late19 th century when the rear was altered. This involved building up the rearrange and pitching a roof over it to allow full height space within rooms 1.6,1.7 and 2.6, 2.7. The external brick buttresses on the rear elevation were alsolikely to have been added at or soon after these works were undertaken.Further changes appear to have been made within the ground floor level,which involved the construction of the bread oven, central fire and copper. Itis likely that some form of oven was incorporated within the originalconstruction, however this was extended during the 19 th century. Thefireplaces within the upper chambers were also modified in this period andcast iron grates and surrounds were inserted.PHASE 3: 20 th centuryDuring the 20 th century the main changes to the cottage have occurred withinthe roof space where an elevated valley has been created between the 18 thand 19 th century roofs with drainage to the south side. The outbuilding hasbeen partially reclad during this time.The main structure and its outbuilding is a fine example of a pair of 18 thcentury handed cottages with oversailing tie beam. They are representative ofa period of change and innovation in vernacular building construction andillustrate the skill and understanding of the carpenter in the modification of thebasic timber frame construction to provide a well planned and efficient use ofspace. They have been subject to very limited alteration internally andexternally and the survival of the outbuilding is believed to be quite rare.Outbuildings are rarely recorded where they do survive and thus little is knownabout their prevalence, style or function.7.0 KEY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVESSprivers Cottages (including outbuilding) were listed Grade II on 10th October1989. The description in the current list entry is purely for the purpose ofrecognition and is normally, therefore, primarily based on externalappearance. As far as it goes the description is accurate but must not be17

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007treated as a comprehensive schedule of those elements which are legallyprotected as, no matter what the grade, the legislative cover not only relates toboth the interior and exterior but also extends to any building within thecurtilage which predates the 1 st July 1948.Under law, any alterations to the cottage (including outbuilding) which in anyway effect its character, either internal or external, require listed buildingconsent before being carried out – violation of this procedure is a criminaloffence. Essential like for like repair is to some degree a grey area within thelegislation in that opinions vary as to precisely what constitutes a ‘like-for-likerepair’ – such repairs can, in some circumstances cause unforeseen damageto the integrity of the historic building. It is our advice, therefore, that any suchrepairs which are proposed should be fully discussed with the appropriateplanning authority before being undertaken.7.1 General Conservation GuidelinesIt is accepted that any historic building needs to meet certain standards if it isto have an economically viable future: if those conditions are not met, then inthe long term the survival of the building will be threatened. However, anymodifications and repairs which are proposed need to fully take into accountthe historical character and architectural features of the building and, inparticular, the need to preserve its many significant features.In general terms the cottages (including outbuilding) should be repaired in alow-key fashion, i.e all original material should be retained where possible andthe removal of existing finishes should be avoided, unless inappropriatemodern materials or where existing historical finishes are damaged beyondrepair. Even then, the temptation to remove an entire area of historic wallfinish where only a small part is damaged should be avoided. All repairmaterials and the techniques employed should be as per the originals they arereplacing and the buildings should be maintained as a breathing building. Allproposals for works should be prepared in conjunctions with a recognisedappropriately qualified conservation surveyor, architect or builder so that theconservation objectives can be integrated from the outset. These proposalsshould be agreed with the National Trust Territory Archaeologist prior to theappropriate listed building consent being acquired. All works on site should beundertaken by an experienced conservation builder.7.2 Specific Conservation GuidelinesThe following guidelines address more specific elements within the cottagesand outbuilding, but are not exhaustive and thus all proposed changes shouldbe developed as described above.• The internal layout of the cottages as it currently exists is functional. Giventhe completeness of this historical layout, it should not be modified.18

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007• The surviving daub infill within the timber framed elements of the cottagesare historically sensitive and should be treated as such. This is particularlyso in the attic space.• Although once common, water boiling furnaces (coppers) and bread ovensare today redundant and take up room: as a consequence many havebeen removed and such features are now rare in small vernacular houses.The examples within Sprivers Cottages survive intact and should beretained without modification.• The window openings and external door openings are of historic interestand should be respected accordingly.• There are a number of in situ board and ledged doors, some with originalfixtures and furniture. These are considered to be of significance andshould be carefully conserved in situ. The door to room 2.6 with thesloping side should be retained as it is representative of an unusual andimportant design aspect of the structure.• All traditional / original floorboards within the cottages should be respectedand retained.• Any new service requirements are to be undertaken with minimumintervention into the historic fabric.• Carpenters marks in room 1.6 to be protected from damage, i.e the surfaceshould not be sanded or painted.• The oversailing tie beams should be retained in situ.• The outbuilding is of historic interest, which should be respected. Repairsshould follow the principals described above in terms of like for like repairs.Particular care should be paid to the original elm cladding on the northside. Dense vegetation along the south side of the outbuilding should bethinned out.• External surfaces of brick paths should be retained and maintained inaccordance with the principals described above.19

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 20078.0 SOURCES CONSULTEDAndrews, J. Industries in Kent. 1500-1600. in M Zell. 2000. Early ModernKent 1540-1640Brunskill, R.W. 1987. Illustrated handbook of Vernacular Architecture. Faber& Faber. London.Hasted. 1972 edt. The History and Topographical Survey of the County ofKent. Vol VMartin D & B Martin. 1989. Domestic Buildings in the Eastern High Weald1300-1750: Part 1 Wall Construction. Historic Buildings in Eastern Sussex.Vol 5. Hastings Area Archaeological Papers.Newman, J. 1980. West Kent and the Weald in Pevsner (ed) The Buildingsof England. Penguin Books. LondonPage, W (ed). Victoria County History of Kent, Volume 3.Young C. 2004. The Physical Setting. In An Historical Atlas of Kent ed. TLawson & D Killingray. Phillimore. Chichester. West Sussex.9.0 ACKNOWLDEGEMENTSArchaeology South East would like to acknowledge the assistance providedfor this project by Lynne Kemp (NT); the tenants at Sprivers Cottages; the staffat the Centre for Kentish Studies and East Sussex Records Office and inparticular Christopher Whittick; Peter Massey for on site assistance andinterpretation.20

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007APPENDIX 1: LIST DESCRIPTIONIoE number: 169891Location:SPRIVERS COTTAGES, LAMBERHURST ROAD (south side)HORSMONDEN, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENTPhotographer:Mr Granville DaviesDate Photographed: 24 September 2002Date listed: 10 October 1989Date of last amendment: 10 October 1989GradeIIHORSMONDENLAMBERHURST ROADLAMBERHURST ROADTQ 63 NE(south side)3/55 Sprivers CottagesHORSMONDEN LAMBERHURST ROAD LAMBERHURST ROAD TQ 63 NE (south side) 3/55 Sprivers CottagesGV II Cottage pair. Dated 1779. Red brick ground floor and tile hung first floor with plain tiled roof. Twoparallel ranges. Two storeys and garret on plinth (obscured by sloping ground to right) with stringcourse tofirst floor and roof with stacks to end right and to end left. Two 3 light and two central 2 light woodencomments on each floor and boarded doors to left and to right bath with moulded flat hoods. Rear rangewith identical detailing.21

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007APPENDIX 2: TITHE APPORTIONMENT & CENSUS RETURNTo be read in conjunction with Figure 5Plot Description Land Owner Occupier832 MeadowThomas VineThomas Vine(also 837, 835, 413, 829,830, 833, 834, 836, 837,1168)838 Garden George Hodgkinson Henry Buckland839 Cottage and Garden George Hodgkinson Henry Buckland351 Homestead (Sprevors) George Campion John DuncanCourthope840 Cottage & Garden George Campion John DuncanCourthope827 Cottage & Garden George Campion John DuncanCourthope846 Paddock George Campion John DuncanCourthope849 Part of Homestead George Campion John DuncanCourthope850 Cherry orchard George Campion John DuncanCourthope851 House meadow George Campion John DuncanCourthope828 Shaw George CampionCourthopeJohn Duncan1841 CensusHazel Street: Thomas Vine 63 FarmerJane Bull 15William Rabbit 20Sprevors: John Duncan 75Daniel Barcombe 40Eliza Lother 30Ann Saunders 15Louise Kindale 822

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007APPENDIX 3: PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDIndex to Photographs on CDRef. DescriptionNo.No. 1 Sprivers001 Front Elevation002 East Elevation003 East Elevation004 Front Elevation005 East Elevation006 Rear Elevation007 Rear Elevation008 Rear Roof line009 Rear Elevation010 Room 1.1011 Room 1.1012 Room 1.1 Front door013 Room 1.2014 Room 1.2015 Room 1.2016 Room 1.3017 Room 1.3018 Room 1.3019 Room 1.3 partition to No. 2 Sprivers020 Room 1.3 Bread oven021 Room 1.3 Bread oven022 Room 1.3 Evidence of removed beam023 Room 1.3 empty mortice in understair cupboard024 Room 1.3 Door to stair025 Stair case026 Ceiling joists above stair well027 Partition wall to No. 2 Sprivers first floor stair case028 Room 1.4029 Room 1.4030 Room 1.4031 Room 1.4 door032 Room 1.5033 Room 1.5034 Room 1.5035 Room 1.5036 Room 1.5037 Room 1.5 window038 Room 1.4 door to cupboard adjacent to chimney039 Room 1.2 ceiling040 Room 1.623

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007041 Room 1.6042 Room 1.6 Carpenters marks043 Room 1.6044 Room 1.4 Door detail045 Room 1.4 door detail046 Room 1.5 Attic access047 Room 1.6048 Room 1.6049 Room 1.7050 View of Attic051 Attic – roof construction052 Attic rafter detail053 Attic – daub partition to No. 2 Sprivers054 Attic – daub lining at east end wall055 Attic – window in east end elevation056 Attic – void to south of chimney057 Room 1.5 detail of attic access058 Room 1.2 partition to 1.3059 Room 1.7 showing oversailing tie beam060 Room 1.4 north elevation061 Room 1.4 south elevation062 Room 1.3 Cupboard under stairsNo. 2 Sprivers001 Front elevation002 Date Stone003 Rear elevation004 Front path005 West elevation006 West elevation007 West elevation008 Room 2.1 Front door009 Room 2.1 Fireplace010 Room 2.1 Fireplace011 Room 2.1 Fireplace012 Room 2.1 fireplace013 Room 2.1 fireplace014 Room 2.2015 Room 2.2016 Rear elevation doorway017 Room 2.2018 Room 2.2 window019 Room 2.1 Joist detail – chamfer020 Room 2.1 Fireplace brickwork021 Room 2.1 Front door022 Room 2.324

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007023 Room 2.3 bread oven024 Room 2.3 bread oven detail (interior)025 Room 2.3 empty mortice in partition wall to 2.1 by bread oven026 Room 2.3 Bread oven027 Room 2.3 Copper028 Room 2.3029 Room 2.3 window030 Room 2.3 window031 Room 2.3 Copper032 Room 2.3 copper033 Room 2.3 Copper034 Room 2.3 Empty mortice in understair cupboard035 Door to stair036 Stair case037 Room 2.4038 Room 2.4039 Room 2.4040 Room 2.4 Empty mortice in door frame041 Room 2.5 Attic access and partition wall to 2.4042 Room 2.5 Attic access043 Room 2.5 Partition to 2.4044 Room 2.5 Attic floor joist detail045 Room 2.5 door046 Room 2.5 Attic access047 Room 2.4 Fireplace048 Room 2.4 Door handle049 Room 2.4 door050 Room 2.4 Wall plate detail051 Room 2.6052 Room 2.6 Fireplace053 Room 2.6 window054 Room 2.6 door055 Room 2.6056 Attic057 Roof construction058 Roof construction059 Daub stud wall south side060 Daub stud wall detailOutbuilding001 East end002 East end interior003 Roof east end004 Interior east end005 Roof east end006 East elevation25

Archaeology South-EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/October 2007007 South Elevation008 North elevation009 West end door010 Interior west end011 Interior west end012 West end013 Interior of door west end014 Roof west end015 West end door016 North elevation west end017 Brick plinth west end26

APPENDIX 4: NATIONAL TRUST BOUNDARY PLAN

Title: SpriversCENTRAL OFFICEScale 1/4561Date 30/5/2007Centre = 569214 E 140024 NUserReproduced by permission of Ordnance Survey © Crown copyright and database right 2005.All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey licence number AL100018591

APPENDIX 5: WILL OF ALEXANDER COURTHOPETranscribed by Christopher Whittick, Senior Archivist East SussexRecords Office.TNA PROB 11/1060 ff57-63Probate (PCC) of the will (30 Sep 1768) and codicils (4 Nov 1777 and 27Nov 1779) of Alexander Courthope of Sprivers in Horsmonden, esq; 14Jan 1780£200 each to sisters Catherine Courthope and Barbara Cole, widow£200 each to cousin Mrs Catherine Medhurst and Charles Booth, esq£20 for mourning to John Austen of Broadford in Horsmonden, esq£100 to SPCK to which he is a subscriber£20 to be distributed to 20 poor old men and women of Horsmonden ‘as arepast their labour’£20 to late bailiff Samuel Springate£20 each for mourning to the Revd William Courthope, his sisters MrsCatherine Courthope and Mrs Barbara Strother widow, to Mr Charles Moor ofGoudhurst and his wife Elizabeth, and CM’s daughters Elizabeth and Sarah£10 to AC’s workman William Callow of Horsmonden£10 for mourning to AC’s gardener Richard Cheesman£10 each to other servants of over 12 months’ service and in service with ACat his deceased£3500 to niece Barbara Cole£100 annuities to sisters Catherine Courthope and Barbara Cole, widow; £10annuity to gardener Richard Cheesman, both to be paid in the church porch ofHorsmonden, with power of distraint and entry for non-paymentAll real estate to nephew John Cole for life (and to John Austen as trustee topreserve contingent remainders), remainder to JC’s sons successively in tailmale, remainder to his sons and daughters in tail, remainder to niece BarbaraCole subject to a similar entail; in default of which:-To George Courthope, son of George Courthope of Uckfield, esq, and his wifeCatherine:Capital messuage called Sprivers with the barns, stables,outhouses, buildings, yards, gardens and land; messuage and farm called

Hale in Horsmonden, Lamberhurst and Brenchley occupied by AC and hisnephew John Cole; messuage and farm at or near Horsmonden Heathoccupied by Thomas Driver; cottage or tenement occupied by ThomasRunmington adjoining the last-mentioned farm; three pieces of land (8a) nearGarfords Bridge in Horsmonden, occupied by John Cole; two pieces of land(6a) in Goudhurst, occupied by AC; messuage and farm called Crow Born and140a in Goudhurst, occupied by John Mynn; two messuages or farms calledComborne and 145a near Camborne and Colliers Green in Goudhurst,occupied by John Standen; messuage, farm and 53a near Camborne inGoudhurst occupied by Stephen Gibbons, messuage, farm and 36a nearCurtis Den in Goudhurst, occupied by John French, with four acres of woodadjoining occupied by AC; messuage, farm and 30a called Junior Highamsoccupied by Daniel CollinsonTo Henry Courthope Campion, son of William Campion of Danny [inHurstpierpoint], esqCapital messuage called Cheveney House in Marden andHorsmonden, occupied by William Lott, late John Cole; 28a woodland inHorsmonden and Marden occupied by AC, late Edward Maplesden, esq;piece of land on Winchet Hill near Courtland Green in Goudhurst, occupied byJohn Cole; messuage, farm and 8a in Marden, occupied by William Grigsby;three pieces of marshland (32a) called Porters Lodge in Eastbridge inRomney Marsh occupied by William Platt; all land in Shadoxhurst andWoodchurch; two messuages in Marden Town occupied by Robert Kite and[blank] Morris; messuage and shop in Marden Town occupied by HenryConstable; messuage and farm in Marden occupied by [blank] Allingham,widow; messuage and farm in Marden occupied by Richard Bowles;messuage and farm at Marden Thorn in Marden occupied by William Crouch,all purchased by AC from his cousin Charles BoothWith power to John Cole and Barbara Cole, once in possession, to lease allbut Sprivers and its buildings, gardens and appurtenances, and the lands inHorsmonden and Brenchley now and formerly belonging to it for up to 21yearsWhen John Cole comes into possession of the estate entailed on HenryCourthope Campion, he may settle it on his marriage with any future wife,being able to grant £80 jointure for every £1000 received with such wife.If George Courthope and Henry Courthope Campion come into possession,they are to share the liability for the annuities if still payable.Leasehold rectory of Goudhurst with the houses, buildings and tithes, held ofthe Dean and Chapter of Rochester, to John Austen in trust for whoever holdsSprivers, and to follow its descent as far as the law will permit.Residuary estate to nephew John Cole, the sole executorW: Mark Parsons, William Twort, William Russell

Codicil adding £10 annuity to servant Henry Burr and a legacy of £100, andlegacies of £10 each to servants; W: William Watts, John Hanson, ThomasWaltersCodicil giving a further £100 to servant Henry Burr, who if he lives is to live inAC’s farm in Goudhurst now occupied by Daniel Collison the elder at the oldrent; silver cup and cover to the Revd William Hussey; executors to put outservant-boy John Owlet as an apprentice; Old Catherine Duckett be takenproper care of.W: William Lipkott, Henry Courthope, Mary Ollive

PlatesArchaeology South EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/ October 2007Plate 1: No. 1 Sprivers Front ElevationPlate 2: No. 2 Sprivers Front ElevationPlate 3: No. 1 Sprivers East ElevationPlate 4: No. 1 Sprivers South ElevationPlate 5: Window south elevation No. 2Plate 6: No. 2 Sprivers West Elevation

Archaeology South EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/ October 2007Plate 8: No. 2 Sprivers. Room 2.1 FireplacePlate 7: No. 2 Sprivers – Brick PathPlate 10: No. 2 Sprivers Room 2.2 Wall FramingPlate 9: No. 2 Sprivers: Front Door internal viewPlate 11: No. 2 Sprivers. Room 2.2: Window Catch Plate 12: No. 2 Sprivers. Room 2.3. Door to 2.1

Archaeology South EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/ October 2007Plate 13: No. 2 Sprivers. Room 2.3 CopperPlate 14: No. 2 Sprivers. Room 2.3 Bread OvenPlate 15: No. 2 Sprivers. Room 2.3 Interior of BreadOvenPlate 16: No. 2 Sprivers. StaircasePlate 17: No. 2 Sprivers. Room 2.4 Principal ChamberPlate 18: No. 2 Sprivers. Room 2.4 Fireplace

Archaeology South EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/ October 2007Plate 19: No. 2 Sprivers. Room 2.5 - Partition toRoom 2.4Plate 20: No. 2 Sprivers. Room 2.5 Ceiling & AtticAccessPlate 21: No. 2 Sprivers. Room 2.6Plate 22: No. 2 Sprivers. Room 2.6 DoorPlate 23: No. 2 Sprivers. Roof constructionPlate 24: No. 2 Sprivers. Roof – daub partition

Archaeology South EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/ October 2007Plate 25: No. 1 Sprivers. Room 1.1Plate 26: No. 1 Sprivers. Room 1.1 Front Door internalviewPlate 27: No. 1 Sprivers. Room 1.2 Plate 28: No. 1 Sprivers. Room 1.3. Door to 1.1Plate 29: No. 1 Sprivers. Room 1.3 Bread OvenPlate 30: No.1 Sprivers. Wall Framing west wall first flr

Archaeology South EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/ October 2007Plate 31. No. 1 Sprivers. Room 1.4Plate 32: No. 1 Sprivers. Room 1.5. Partition withreused timbersPlate 34: No. 1 Sprivers. Room 1.6Plate 33: No.1 Sprivers. Room 1.5 Cross beamPlate 35: No. 1 Sprivers. Room 1.6 Carpenters MarksPlate 36: No. 1 Sprivers. Room 1.7. Post with oversailingtie beam

Archaeology South EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/ October 2007Plate 37. No. 1 Sprivers. Attic. Daubed partition andstraight collar.Plate 38: No. 1 Sprivers. Attic. windowPlate 40: Sprivers Outbuilding. TiebeamPlate 39: Sprivers Outbuilding.Plate 42: Sprivers Outbuilding. Wall claddingPlate 41: Sprivers Outbuilding. Door to No. 2

Archaeology South EastNo. 1 & 2 Sprivers Cottages, Horsmonden, KentInterpretive Historic Building Survey / Rev 01/ October 2007

N424140The Site39380 1km68 69 70 71© Archaeology South-EastRef: 2568 Feb 2007Drawn by:JLRSprivers Cottages, HorsmondenSite Location PlanFig. 1Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey's 1:25000 map of 1997 with permission of theController of Her Majesty's Stationary Office. Crown Copyright. Licence No. AL 503 10 A

NThe Site© Archaeology South-EastRef: 2568 Feb 2007Drawn by:JLRSprivers Cottages, HorsmondenHasted 1775Fig. 3

NThe Site© Archaeology South-EastRef: 2568 Feb 2007Drawn by:JLRSprivers Cottages, Horsmonden1775 Survey of Hazle StreetFig. 4

NThe Site© Archaeology South-EastRef: 2568 Feb 2007Drawn by:JLRSprivers Cottages, Horsmonden1840 Tithe Map (Plot 840)Fig. 5

NThe Site© Archaeology South-EastRef: 2568 Feb 2007Drawn by:JLRSprivers Cottages, Horsmonden1872 OS 6"Fig. 6

NThe Site© Archaeology South-EastRef: 2568 Feb 2007Drawn by:JLRSprivers Cottages, Horsmonden1897 OS Second Edition 25" LXI.12Fig. 7

NThe Site© Archaeology South-EastRef: 2568 Feb 2007Drawn by:JLRSprivers Cottages, Horsmonden1908 OS 25" LXI.12Fig. 8

NThe Site© Archaeology South-EastRef: 2568 Feb 2007Drawn by:JLRSprivers Cottages, Horsmonden1938 Revision of 2nd Edition Sheet LXI.12Fig. 9

Head OfficeUnits 1 & 22 Chapel PlacePortsladeEast Sussex BN41 1DRTel: +44(0)1273 426830 Fax:+44(0)1273 420866email: fau@ucl.ac.ukWeb: www.archaeologyse.co.ukLondon OfficeCentre for Applied ArchaeologyInstitute of ArchaeologyUniversity College London31-34 Gordon Square, London, WC1 0PYTel: +44(0)20 7679 4778 Fax:+44(0)20 7383 2572Web: www.ucl.ac.uk/caaThe contracts division of the Centre for Applied Archaeology, University College Londonc Archaeology South-East