Non-DLVO, steric and fluctuation forces
Non-DLVO, steric and fluctuation forces
Non-DLVO, steric and fluctuation forces
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Two types ofRepulsive ‘Hydration’ Forces (2)Measured <strong>forces</strong> b/n curved micasurfaces in KNO 3 or KCl solutionsForce range : 3-4 nm, Exponentialdecay length : 1 nm, Short-rangeoscillations of periodicity 0.22-0.26 nm In dilute electrolyte solutions (10 -3 ) hydrated cations bind to the negativelycharged surfaces <strong>and</strong> give rise to a repulsive hydration force→ the strength <strong>and</strong> range of the hydration <strong>forces</strong> increase with the hydrationnumber of cations : Mg 2+ > Ca 2+ > Li + ∼ Na + > K + > Cs +c.f.) acid solution : only proton ions
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