Non-DLVO, steric and fluctuation forces

Two types ofRepulsive ‘Hydration’ Forces (2)Measured short-range forces b/ncurved mica surfaces in 10 -3 M KClsolutionsThe expected DLVO interaction Exhibiting oscillations of mean periodicity of 0.25±0.03 nm, roughly equal tothe diameter of the water molecule, below about 1.5 nm The first three minima at D≈0, 0.28 and 0.56nm at negative energies Clay plates such as motomorillonite : repelling each other increasingly stronglydown to separations of ~2 nm vs. stacking into stable aggregates with waterinterlayers of 0.25 and 0.55 nm thickness