Non-DLVO, steric and fluctuation forces

Protrusion Forces II▶ Approximationenergy increase linearly with the distance z, that the moleculesprotrude into the waterProtrusion energyi i( μz − μ0)prot= πσzy = α p z Eq. (13.1)υ(z i ) = α p z i(α p : interaction parameter units , Jm -1 )The density of protrusion extending distance z from the surface−αz/ kTp i− ziρ( 0) e = ρ(0)e/ λλ = κT / α p( the protrusion decay length )