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themselves as Muslims first. About half of all Muslims under age 30 say they attend mosque atleast once a week compared with slightly more than a third of Muslims age 30 and older. Amongyoung people who attend weekly, nearly seven-in-10 (68%) say they identify first as Muslimcompared with 36% of all Muslims who seldom or never attend services.Muslim Identity and ExtremismThe poll finds that one’s identification as Muslimor American also relates to opinions about Muslimextremism. For example, 13% of those who think ofthemselves primarily as Muslims believe that suicidebombing to defend Islam from its enemies can be oftenor sometimes justified, compared with 4% of those whosay they are American first. Still, overwhelmingmajorities of both groups reject suicide bombing as astrategy, including 85% of those who identify primarilyas Americans and 79% who consider themselvesMuslims first.Somewhat larger differences emerge when itcomes to views about who carried out the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center andthe Pentagon. Those who identify themselves first as Muslim are twice as likely (40% vs. 20%)to say these attacks were not carried out by groups of Arabs. Slightly fewer than three-in-10 U.S.Muslims (28%) who think of themselves primarily asMuslim say they believe the 9/11 attacks were carried outby groups of Arabs while six-in-10 Muslims (61%) whothink of themselves first as American say Arabs wereresponsible.Assimilation vs. Maintaining IdentityLike other U.S. religious groups, Muslims believethat their religious convictions can fit comfortably in aworld of rapid change and shifting values. More than sixin-10U.S. Muslims (63%) say they see no conflictbetween being a devout Muslim and living in a modernsociety, a belief they share with many Muslims around theworld.Still, Muslim Americans struggle to find a balancebetween two worlds and two very different cultures. TheySelf-Identity and ViewsOn Suicide Bombing, Sept. 11Identify as…American MuslimSuicide bombing first firstcan be justified… % %Often/sometimes 4 13Rarely/never 85 79DK/Refused 11 8100 100Believe groupsof Arabs carriedout 9/11 attacks?Yes 61 28No 20 40DK/Refused 19 32100 100Conflict in Being a Devout Muslimand Living in Modern Society?DK/Yes No Ref% % %U.S. Muslims 32 63 5=100Muslims in…Great Britain 47 49 4=100Germany 36 57 7=100France 28 72 *=100Spain 25 71 4=100Pakistan 48 17 35=100Indonesia 43 54 3=100Jordan 34 64 2=100Nigeria 33 64 3=100Turkey 29 61 10=100Egypt 28 70 2=100Question: Do you think there is a naturalconflict between being a devout Muslimand living in a modern society, or don’tyou think so?32 MUSLIM AMERICANS