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• Some plants flower after only a single exposureto the required photoperiod• Other plants need several successive days ofthe required photoperiod• Still others need an environmental stimulus inaddition to the required photoperiod– For example, vernalization is a pretreatmentwith cold to induce floweringCopyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
A Flowering Hormone?• The flowering signal, not yet chemicallyidentified, is called florigen• Florigen may be a macromolecule governed bythe CONSTANS geneCopyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Page 1 and 2:
Chapter 39Plant Responses to Intern
Page 3 and 4:
Fig. 39-1
Page 5 and 6:
• A potato left growing in darkne
Page 7 and 8:
• A potato’s response to light
Page 9 and 10:
Reception• Internal and external
Page 11 and 12:
Fig. 39-4-1Reception1 2Transduction
Page 13 and 14:
Fig. 39-4-3CellwallReception1 2Ligh
Page 15 and 16:
Transcriptional Regulation• Speci
Page 17 and 18:
De-Etiolation (“Greening”) Prot
Page 19 and 20:
The Discovery of Plant Hormones•
Page 21 and 22:
Fig. 39-5RESULTSControlLightShadeds
Page 23 and 24:
Fig. 39-5bRESULTSDarwin and Darwin:
Page 25 and 26:
Fig. 39-5cRESULTSBoysen-Jensen: pho
Page 27 and 28:
Fig. 39-6RESULTSExcised tip placedo
Page 29 and 30:
Table 39-1
Page 31 and 32:
Fig. 39-7RESULTSCell 1100 µmCell 2
Page 33 and 34:
Fig. 39-8Cross-linkingpolysaccharid
Page 35 and 36:
Auxins as Herbicides• An overdose
Page 37 and 38:
Cytokinins• Cytokinins are so nam
Page 39 and 40: Control of Apical Dominance• Cyto
Page 41 and 42: Anti-Aging Effects• Cytokinins re
Page 43 and 44: Stem Elongation• Gibberellins sti
Page 45 and 46: Fig. 39-10(b) Gibberellin-induced f
Page 47 and 48: Fig. 39-111 Gibberellins (GA)send s
Page 49 and 50: Abscisic Acid• Abscisic acid (ABA
Page 51 and 52: Fig. 39-12Early germinationin red m
Page 53 and 54: Ethylene• Plants produce ethylene
Page 55 and 56: Fig. 39-130.00 0.10 0.20 0.40 0.80E
Page 57 and 58: Fig. 39-14ein mutantctr mutant(a) e
Page 59 and 60: Leaf Abscission• A change in the
Page 61 and 62: Fruit Ripening• A burst of ethyle
Page 63 and 64: Concept 39.3: Responses to light ar
Page 65 and 66: Fig. 39-161.0436 nmPhototropic effe
Page 67 and 68: Fig. 39-16bLightTime = 0 minTime =
Page 69 and 70: Blue-Light Photoreceptors• Variou
Page 71 and 72: Phytochromes and Seed Germination
Page 73 and 74: • Red light increased germination
Page 75 and 76: Fig. 39-UN1Red lightP rP frFar-red
Page 77 and 78: Fig. 39-19SynthesisP rRed lightP fr
Page 79 and 80: Biological Clocks and Circadian Rhy
Page 81 and 82: • Circadian rhythms are cycles th
Page 83 and 84: Photoperiodism and Responses to Sea
Page 85 and 86: Critical Night Length• In the 194
Page 87 and 88: Fig. 39-2124 hours(a) Short-day (lo
Page 89: Fig. 39-2224 hoursRRFRRFRRRFRRFRCri
Page 93 and 94: Meristem Transition and Flowering
Page 95 and 96: Gravity• Response to gravity is k
Page 97 and 98: Fig. 39-24Statoliths20 µm(a) Root
Page 99 and 100: Mechanical Stimuli• The term thig
Page 101 and 102: • Thigmotropism is growth in resp
Page 103 and 104: Fig. 39-26ab(a) Unstimulated state(
Page 105 and 106: Environmental Stresses• Environme
Page 107 and 108: Flooding• Enzymatic destruction o
Page 109 and 110: Salt Stress• Salt can lower the w
Page 111 and 112: Cold Stress• Cold temperatures de
Page 113 and 114: Defenses Against Herbivores• Herb
Page 115 and 116: • Plants damaged by insects can r
Page 117 and 118: • A virulent pathogen is one that
Page 119 and 120: The Hypersensitive Response• The
Page 121 and 122: Systemic Acquired Resistance• Sys
Page 123 and 124: Fig. 39-UN3Photoreversible states o
Page 125 and 126: Fig. 39-UN5
Page 127 and 128: 5. Distinguish between short-day, l
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