SigmaFire Installation Manual, rev. F - Clayton Industries

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Steam Generator & Fluid HeaterInstallation ManualTable 2-4: Clayton’s NPSH height requirementsaModel Feet Meters Model Feet MetersSF-25 7 2.1 SF-100 10 3.0SF-35 7 2.1 SF-125 10 3.0SF-50 7 2.1 SF-150 18 5.5SF-75 10 3.0 SF-200 13 4.0a Requirements shown are based on Clayton’s standard reciprocating PD pump usage. Alternate pumps that requirehigher NPSH R are used on some generators. Check Clayton’s P & I D drawing for specific requirements.NOTEWater flow is based on 44 lb. per hour per bhp. NPSH R s shown are for 150 psi designsteam pressure. Higher steam pressures could change these numbers.2.11.3 Acceleration Head (H a )Unlike centrifugal pumps that provide a smooth continuous flow, positive displacement pumps (typicallyused by Clayton) cause an accelerating and decelerating fluid flow as a result of the reciprocatingmotion and suction valves opening and closing. This accelerated and decelerated pulsation phenomenon isalso manifested throughout the suction pipe. The energy required to keep the suction pipe fluid from fallingbelow vapor pressure is called acceleration head. For installations with long piping sections, this becomes asignificant loss to overcome and must be carefully considered. If sufficient energy is absent, then fluid flashing,cavitation, piping vibration, noisy operation, reduced capacity, and shortened pump life can occur.To calculate the H a required to overcome the pulsation phenomenon, use the following empiricalequation:where:H a = LVNCgkH a = Head in feet (meters) of liquid pumped to produce required accelerationL = Actual suction pipe length in feet (meters)V = Mean flow velocity in suction line in feet per second (m/s) (See Figure 2-8 and 2-9, page 2-19and 2-20, respectively.)N =Pump speed in rpm (See Table 2-5, below.)C = Pump constant factor of ...0.400 for simplex single acting0.200 for duplex single acting (J2 pump)0.066 for triplex single acting0.082 for quadplex single acting (J4 pump)Sect02_Genrl-SF_q.fm 2-26 04/21/2015
Section II - General Informationg = Acceleration of gravity = 32.2 ft/s 2 (9.8 m/s 2 )k = Liquid factor of ...1.5 for water1.4 for deaerated water1.3 for semi-closed receiver waterTable 2-5: Clayton Pump SpeedsGenerator SF25 SF35 SF50 SF75 SF100 SF125 SF150 SF200Pump Speed(RPM) 336 294 330 372 330 384 432 288Since this equation is based on ideal conditions of a relatively short, non-elastic suction line, calculatedvalues of H a should be considered as approximations only.NOTEAs pump speed (N) is increased, mean flow velocity (V) also increases. Therefore,acceleration head (H a ) varies as the square of pump speed.NOTEAcceleration head varies directly with actual suction pipe length (L).IMPORTANTACCELERATION HEAD IS A SUCTION PIPING SYSTEM FACTOR THAT MUST BEACCOUNTED FOR BY THE PIPING SYSTEM DESIGNER. MANUFACTURERSCANNOT ACCOUNT FOR THIS IN THEIR DESIGNS BECAUSE OF THE LARGEVARIETY OF APPLICATIONS AND PIPING SYSTEMS PUMPS ARE INSTALLEDIN.NOTEIf acceleration head is ignored or miscalculated, significant pump and piping systemproblems (suction and discharge) may result.04/21/2015 2-27 Sect02_Genrl-SF_q.fm
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SigmaFire Installation Manual, rev. F - Clayton Industries

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