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appendIx Data Sources and Calculation of the 1990 and 2009 Global Hunger Indices All three index components are expressed in percentages and weighted equally. Higher GHI values indicate more hunger. The index varies between a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 100. However, the maximum value of 100 would only be reached if all children died before their fifth birthday, the whole population were undernourished, and all children under five were underweight. Likewise, the minimum value of zero does not occur in practice, because this would mean there were no undernourished in the population, no children under five who were underweight, and no children who died before their fifth birthday. The calculation of GHI scores is restricted to developing countries and countries in transition for which measuring hunger is considered most relevant. The table below provides an overview of the data sources for the Global Hunger Index. Global HunGer Index Components, 1990 GHI and 2009 GHI GHI Number of countries with GHI Percentage of undernourished in the population a 1990 99 1990-92 b Percentage of underweight in children under five Under-five mortality 19 8 8 - 9 2 c tHe Global HunGer Index Is CalCulated as Follows: GHI = (PUN + CUW + CM)/3 with GHI: Global Hunger Index Indicators Reference years Data sources PUN: proportion of the population that is undernourished (in %) CUW: prevalence of underweight in children under five (in %) CM: proportion of children dying before the age of five (in %) a Proportion of the population with calorie deficiency. b Average over a three-year period. c Data collected from the year closest to 1990; where data for 1988 and 1992, or 1989 and 1991, were available, an average was used. The authors’ estimates are for 1990. d Based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards, which were revised in 2006 (for more information, see WHO 2006). WHO 2009 data are the primary data source, and UNICEF 2009a and MEASURE DHS 2009 are secondary. e The latest data gathered in this period. 19 9 0 Percentage of undernourished in the population a 2009 121 2003-05 b Percentage of underweight in children under five Under-five mortality 2002-07 e 2 0 0 7 FAO 2008 and authors’ estimates WHO 2009 d ; UNICEF 2009b; MEASURE DHS 2009; and authors’ estimates UNICEF 2009a FAO 2008 and authors’ estimates WHO 2009 d ; UNICEF 2009b; MEASURE DHS 2009; and authors’ estimates UNICEF 2009a 40 Data Sources and Calculation of the 1990 and 2009 Global Hunger Indices | Appendix A | 2009 Global Hunger Index
data underlyInG tHe CalCulatIon oF tHe 1990 and 2009 Global HunGer IndICes Country Proportion of undernourished in the population (%) Note: For countries with an *, data underlying the GHI are unreliable; ** indicate authors’ estimates. Prevalence of underweight in children under five years (%) Under five mortality rate (%) 1990-92 2003-05 1988-92 2002-07 1990 2007 (with data from (with data from 1988-92) 2002-07) 2009 Global Hunger Index | Appendix B | Data Underlying the Calculation of the 1990 and 2009 Global Hunger Indices 41 GHI 1990 2009 Afghanistan - - - 32.8 26.0 25.7 - - Albania 11.0 ** 5.0 ** 10.4 ** 6.6 4.6 1.5 8.7
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