Digital Signal Processing Chapter 7: Parametric Spectrum Estimation

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• application for speech codingsource filter modelof speech generation:• Waveform-Coding of the exciting signal:transmission of the AR coefficients and prediction error signal in reduced form(e.g. undersampled: RELP = Residual Excited LPC)• Codebook excitation:transmission of the prediction error applying the principle of vector quantization• Pitch excitation:no transmission of the prediction error ⇒ “voiced (including a pitch frequency)/unvoiced”application for speech coding Page 38
data reduction using LPC speech synthesis (pitch excitation)speech non stationary → composing of short semi stationary segments (10-30 ms)parameter of the modeltypical word lengthvoiced/unvoiced1 bitpitch frequency6 bitgain factor G5 bit10-14 AR-(resp. PARCOR-) Coefficients 6 bit per coefficientoverall parameters per segment72-96 bitbitrates: block length bit/Block bitrate30 ms 72 bit 2.4 kbit/s10 ms 96 bit 9.6 kbit/sPCM-speech 8 bit/Sample 64 kbit/s• GSM: fullrate: 13 kbit/shalfrate: 5.6 kbit/senhanced fullrate: 13 kbit/sapplication for speech coding Page 39
Page 1 and 2: transparencies - lecture: Digital S
Page 3 and 4: 7.2 Markov Process as an Example fo
Page 5 and 6: Past values x(k − 1), · · · ,x
Page 7 and 8: Conjugating all elements yields inI
Page 9 and 10: 7.4.2 The Principle of Orthogonalit
Page 11 and 12: 7.4 Linear Prediction (Overview)app
Page 13 and 14: 7.5 Levinson-Durbin Recursion∑A r
Page 15 and 16: ecursion for the predictive coeffic
Page 17 and 18: Levinson-Durbin Recursion• initia
Page 19 and 20: 7.6 The Lattice-Structure7.6.1 Anal
Page 21 and 22: Lattice Structure:• (r + 1)th sta
Page 23 and 24: 7.6.3 Minimal Phase - Stability•
Page 25 and 26: Br B q (0) = σ2 ∑q+1rγ rν=1a q
Page 30 and 31: 2. Covariance Method• disadvantag
Page 32 and 33: N−1∑k=rN−1∂ ∑N−1∑[e r
Page 34 and 35: • rth iteration:⎡⎢⎣1â r,1
Page 36 and 37: 7.8 Examples for Parametric Spectru
Page 40 and 41: example 3:vowel ”a”, german mal
Page 42: example 5:comparison parametric ←

Digital Signal Processing Chapter 7: Parametric Spectrum Estimation

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