What America's Users Spend on Illegal Drugs 1988-2000 - National ...

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Number of Marijuana <strong>Users</strong>More Americans use marijuana than either cocaine or heroin. During 1999, for example, about 11.9 millionAmericans used marijuana or hashish at least once in the month before the NHSDA. This number is somewhatgreater than it was in 1988 (11.0 million). The trend was for decreasing use into the early 1990s and thenincreasing use into the late 1990s.Reports from the Community Epidemiology Work Group provide confirmation for the trends presented here.The five reports between June 1999 and June 2001 suggest that marijuana use had been increasing until theend of the decade, at which point use stabilized and may have started to decrease. Our trend estimates, whichare based entirely on the NHSDA, also suggest that marijuana use increased through much of the 1990s.Marijuana use may have stabilized toward the end of the decade, but the NHSDA does not show that marijuanause has begun to decrease.Average Number of Joints Used Each MonthWe calculated an individual’s total number of joints used each month by multiplying the number of days ofmarijuana use in the past month by the number of joints used per occasion. For those without valid answersfor these questions, we imputed the total monthly use. 42 In 1995 the NHSDA stopped asking respondentsabout the number of joints and amount of marijuana used in the last month. Because marijuana users reportedusing an estimated 18.7 joints per month in 1994, we assumed the same was true for the years after 1994.Average Amount of Marijuana UsedThe average amount of marijuana used in the past month was calculated from several questions in the survey. 43This number has changed little over time – about 0.014 ounces per joint. However, the average number andweight of joints used by those who smoke marijuana cannot tell the entire story about trends in marijuana usebecause marijuana’s THC content has changed over time. Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is marijuana’sprimary psychoactive chemical. According to a continuing study to monitor THC content conducted at theUniversity of Mississippi, 44 during the 1990s the average THC content of commercial grade marijuanaincreased from about 4 percent to about 5.5 percent. The THC content of sinsemilla increased from about 824
percent to about 12 percent. Thus, the increase in drug use might be considered to be considerably greater thanreflected in the Table 9.PricePrice is the final factor in calculating the total value of marijuana consumption. 45 Marijuanaprices were roughly $375 per ounce in the late 1980s. These prices are for a one-third ouncepurchase, which appears to be a typical purchase size by frequent users. They jumped to closerto $500 per ounce during the early 1990s. Throughout the rest of the decade, prices wereconsiderably lower. The price trends appear to be roughly consistent with trends in THCcontent. That is, as the price of marijuana has fallen, its quality has improved.25
Page 1: What America’s <
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..
Page 7 and 8: AcknowledgementsThe authors and sta
Page 9 and 10: Executive SummarySince 1991, the Of
Page 11 and 12: A different kind of comparison was
Page 13 and 14: IntroductionIn 2000, the Office of
Page 15 and 16: An Appendix explains how we used da
Page 17 and 18: Other policy analysts have reported
Page 19 and 20: Trends in Drug UseIf the prevalence
Page 21 and 22: dynamics of emergency room use by c
Page 23 and 24: downward adjustment seems unwarrant
Page 25 and 26: estimation technology at the price
Page 27 and 28: Other studies provide comparable es
Page 29 and 30: areas, computed the number who ente
Page 31: methamphetamine users in 1993, fewe
Page 35 and 36: Total Consumption EstimatesThe fact
Page 37 and 38: heroin and cocaine have fallen or r
Page 39 and 40: Table 11 - Total Expenditures on Il
Page 41 and 42: In 2000, Americans spent about $36
Page 43: into the United States. These targe
Page 46 and 47: equired for several reasons, but th
Page 48 and 49: We used the SRHT findings to adjust
Page 50 and 51: As noted, the ratio between our est
Page 52 and 53: marijuana for 1995. For this purpos
Page 54 and 55: from TEDS-eligible treatment progra
Page 57 and 58: Endnotes1 The calculations reported
Page 59 and 60: 7. A large percentage of heavy drug
Page 61 and 62: number of people needing treatment
Page 63 and 64: and Kleiman’s $8 billion figure.
Page 65: 48. In 1993, about 74 percent of ar

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