What America's Users Spend on Illegal Drugs 1988-2000 - National ...

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List of TablesTable 1 - Total U.S. Expenditures on Illicit Drugs, 1988-2000 ($ in billions, 2000 dollar equivalents).......3Table 2 - Total Amount of Cocaine and Heroin Consumed, 1988-2000 (in metric tons)..............................4Table 3 - Estimated Number of Chronic an Occasional <strong>Users</strong> of Cocaine and Heroin (Thousands), 1988-2000......................................................................................................................................................9Table 4 - Weekly Average Cocaine and Heroin Expenditures Reported by Arrestee Chronic <strong>Users</strong>, 1989-2000....................................................................................................................................................14Table 5 - Total Expenditures on Cocaine and Heroin, 1988-2000 ($ in billions, 2000 dollar equivalents) 14Table 6 - Retail Prices Per Pure Gram for Cocaine and Heroin, 1988-2000 (dollars, 2000 dollarequivalents) ........................................................................................................................................19Table 7 - Total Amount of Cocaine and Heroin Consumed, 1988-2000 (in metric tons)............................19Table 8 - Calculation of Total Methamphetamine Consumption, 1989-2000 .............................................23Table 9 - Calculation of Total Marijuana Consumption, 1988-2000...........................................................26Table 10 - Other Drugs: Total Yearly <strong>Users</strong> (thousands) and Expenditures ($ in billions, 2000 dollarequivalents), 1988-1999 .....................................................................................................................30Table 11 - Total Expenditures on Illicit Drugs, 1989-2000 ($ in billions, 2000 dollar equivalents)...........31vi
AcknowledgementsThe authors and staff of Abt Associates, Inc., conducted and reported this research for ONDCP undercontract 282-98-0006, Task order Number 24. The Abt Associates authors were William Rhodes, ProjectDirector, Mary Layne, Anne-Marie Bruen, Patrick Johnston, and Lisa Becchetti.ONDCP Office of Programs, Budget, Research and Evaluation (OPBRE) sponsored this study as anannual update to this research into drug expenditures, which was initiated in 1991. Dr. Terry Zobeck,Chief of the OPBRE Research Branch, and Dr. Michael Cala, OPBRE Project director, provided guidanceand direction for the study's progress. Feedback on the study and the report would be appreciated toimprove further efforts in this area. Please send comments or questions to ONDCP@NCJRS.org, andreference this report.Thanks to Ms. Bonnie Robinson, OPBRE Program Support Specialist, for providing extensive editing andpublishing corrections to facilitate the final printing of this report and posting of the electronic version.DisclaimerInformation presented in this publication reflects the views of the authors and does not necessarily reflectthe official policy or position of the Federal Government.Public Domain NoticeAll information appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced without permissionfrom ONDCP or the authors. Citation of the source is appreciated. This report is available online at, by selecting “Publications”.vii
Page 1: What America’s <
Page 5: TABLE OF CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..
Page 9 and 10: Executive SummarySince 1991, the Of
Page 11 and 12: A different kind of comparison was
Page 13 and 14: IntroductionIn 2000, the Office of
Page 15 and 16: An Appendix explains how we used da
Page 17 and 18: Other policy analysts have reported
Page 19 and 20: Trends in Drug UseIf the prevalence
Page 21 and 22: dynamics of emergency room use by c
Page 23 and 24: downward adjustment seems unwarrant
Page 25 and 26: estimation technology at the price
Page 27 and 28: Other studies provide comparable es
Page 29 and 30: areas, computed the number who ente
Page 31 and 32: methamphetamine users in 1993, fewe
Page 33 and 34: percent to about 12 percent. Thus,
Page 35 and 36: Total Consumption EstimatesThe fact
Page 37 and 38: heroin and cocaine have fallen or r
Page 39 and 40: Table 11 - Total Expenditures on Il
Page 41 and 42: In 2000, Americans spent about $36
Page 43: into the United States. These targe
Page 46 and 47: equired for several reasons, but th
Page 48 and 49: We used the SRHT findings to adjust
Page 50 and 51: As noted, the ratio between our est
Page 52 and 53: marijuana for 1995. For this purpos
Page 54 and 55: from TEDS-eligible treatment progra
Page 57 and 58:
Endnotes1 The calculations reported
Page 59 and 60:
7. A large percentage of heavy drug
Page 61 and 62:
number of people needing treatment
Page 63 and 64:
and Kleiman’s $8 billion figure.
Page 65:
48. In 1993, about 74 percent of ar
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