Section âGroundwater in Sedimentary Basinsâ - Latvijas UniversitÄte

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If we assume that the model was built properly and that the structure calculatespiezometric levels very well in aquifers with faster water exchange, it is morelikely that the problem occurred due to not taking into account the evolutionof groundwater hydrology during the Quaternary period, especially the LatePleistocene and the Holocene.The present work has been funded by the European Social Fund Project “Establishmentof interdisciplinary scientist group and modelling system for groundwater research”(Project Nr. 2009/0212/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/09/APIA/VIAA/060).THE ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER QUALITYPROBLEMS IN BALTIC SEA REGION COUNTRIESValdis VIRCAVS, Zane DIMANTA, Didzis LAUVA,Kaspars ABRAMENKO, Artūrs VEINBERGS, Agnese GAILUMA,Ilva VĪTOLALatvia University of Agriculture, Faculty of Rural Engineering, Department of EnvironmentalEngineering and Water Management, e-mail: valdis.vircavs@llu.lvGroundwater resource quality and availability is a world wide problem andresearch field. Groundwater is the largest reservoir of freshwater in countries inthe the Baltic Sea region. One of the current problems in the region is agriculturalactivity. The use of nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture is one of the main factorscontributing to the contamination of surface water and groundwater, from varioustypes of nitrogen.The aim of the study presented is to analyze the current agricultural impacton groundwater quality in the Baltic Sea region and to give guidance andrecommendations for better international cooperation based on EU directives. Themain task is to compare the current situation of groundwater quality in three groupsof Baltic Sea region countries and to define development scenarios.The study presents general information about groundwater quality in thefollowing Baltic Sea region countries: Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia,Lithuania, Poland and Germany. The countries from the region are divided into threegroups based on similar geographical, agro climatic and agro historical conditionsand applied methods. The first group is the Baltic States – Estonia, Latvia andLithuania, the second is the Northern European countries – Finland and Sweden,and the third group is Denmark, Germany and Poland.The major contamination in the Baltic Sea region is from agricultural chemicals,for example, fertilizers (nitrate, phosphorus) and pesticides. The role of diffuseSession of Geology – Section “Groundwater in Sedimentary Basins” 27
source pollution in agriculture is a common problem in the region and is solved ina different way in each country. All of the countries in the region, except Russia,are subject to European Union (EU) groundwater directive restrictions. EuropeanEnvironmental Agency (EEA) EUROWATERNET data bases are available for abetter understanding of the quality of groundwater and its contamination in theregion.In the research, the present situation is analyzed and advice and conclusionshave been provided for future groundwater quality scenarios for the Baltic Searegion. A monitoring system has been established in all Baltic region countries inaccordance with EU directives to determine and forecast groundwater quality.This study is supported by the European Social Fund project “Establishment ofinterdisciplinary scientists group and modelling system for groundwater research”.No. 2009/0212/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/09/APIA/VIAA/060.THE VISUALISATION OF GROUNDWATER CHEMICALCOMPOSITION USING THE RGB SCALE.AN EXAMPLE FROM THE D12 AQUIFER, LATVIAAndis KALVĀNSUniversity of Latvia, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, e-mail: andis.kalvans@lu.lvGroundwater composition is traditionally visualised using the Piper diagramwhere the relative concentration of all major inorganic components are plotted internary diagrams. This is a convenient approach to identify different water typesor, for example, to study the evolution of water composition along the flow lines.However, it is not easy to examine more complex spatial variations of watercomposition using ternary diagrams.The ternary diagrams where the relative concentration of anions (or cations) isplotted are remarkably similar to the RGB colour scale which is usually used forcolour coding in colour photography. In digital images, the RGB colour scale iscomposed of three bands – red, green and blue (RGB) – where simple numbersindicate the relative intensity of each of the bands. The colour values in theRGB scale can be substituted by the relative concentrations of the three desiredchemical components, thus allowing the visualisation of three parameters witha single colour code. The conversion of relative concentrations of the dominantanions to RGB colour is straightforward: calculate the proportion of each anion(e.g. in %) and convert theses values to the respective colour intensities in the RGBscale. Thus, the spatial variation of concentrations of the three chemical componentscan be visualised with a colour code on the map or a cross section.28 The 70 th Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia
Page 1 and 2: The 70 th Scientific Conference of
Page 4 and 5: CONTENTSRein VaikmäeThe state of a
Page 6: THE STATE OF ART AND NEW TRENDSIN T
Page 10 and 11: There are a number of boreholes pen
Page 12 and 13: • The principal parameters of the
Page 14 and 15: • For aquifers, along the borderl
Page 16 and 17: were perturbed and the sensitivity
Page 18 and 19: Fig. Geological occurrence of the U
Page 20 and 21: WATER FILLED UNDERGROUND OIL SHALE
Page 22 and 23: If we use underground water pool wa
Page 24 and 25: compiled if groundwater level monit
Page 26 and 27: 2-It was discovered that the source
Page 30 and 31: But there is more: the absolute con
Page 32 and 33: In order to identify sample spoilin
Page 34 and 35: samples. Studies show that the conc
Page 36 and 37: The groundwater extraction trend in
Page 38 and 39: ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION IN THE AREA
Page 40 and 41: Otaņķi. The first two experimenta
Page 42 and 43: Fig. 1. Sites of new samples for CF
Page 44 and 45: amount increased continuously. The
Page 46 and 47: BAB V1 GEOMETRICAL MODEL:INTEGRATIN
Page 48 and 49: THE SENSIBILITY ANALYSIS OF CL - AN
Page 50: INVESTING IN YOUR FUTUREThe session

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Section âGroundwater in Sedimentary Basinsâ - Latvijas UniversitÄte