asset acquisitions - Jackson Walker LLP

“Order” -- any order, injunction, judgment, decree, ruling, assessment or arbitration award ofany Governmental Body or arbitrator.“Ordinary Course of Business” -- an action taken by a Person will be deemed to have beentaken in the “Ordinary Course of Business” only if that action:(a) is consistent in nature, scope and magnitude with the past practices of such Personand is taken in the ordinary course of the normal day-to-day operations of such Person;(b) does not require authorization by the board of directors or shareholders of suchPerson (or by any Person or group of Persons exercising similar authority) and does notrequire any other separate or special authorization of any nature; and(c) is similar in nature, scope and magnitude to actions customarily taken, without anyseparate or special authorization, in the ordinary course of the normal day-to-day operationsof other Persons that are in the same line of business as such Person.COMMENTWhen the acquisition agreement is signed, the buyer obtains an interest in beingconsulted about matters affecting the seller. However, the seller needs to be able to operateits daily business without obtaining countless approvals, which can significantly delayordinary business operations. This tension is analogous to that found in other areas of thelaw that use the concept of “in the ordinary course of business”:1. Under bankruptcy law, certain transactions undertaken by thedebtor “other than in the ordinary course of business” requireapproval of the Bankruptcy Court. See 11 U.S.C. § 363(b)(1)(1988).2. Most states’ general corporation laws require shareholder approvalfor a sale of all or substantially all of a corporation’s assets otherthan in the regular course of business.3. A regulation under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 allowsmanagement to omit a shareholder proposal from a proxy statement“[i]f the proposal deals with a matter relating to the company’sordinary business operations.” See 17 C.F.R. § 14a-8(i)(7) (1999).An important consideration in drafting this definition is the relevant standard fordistinguishing between major and routine matters: the past practices of the seller, commonpractice in the seller’s industries, or both. In one of the few cases that have interpreted theterm “ordinary course of business” in the context of an acquisition, the jury was allowed todecide whether fees paid in connection with obtaining a construction loan, which were notreflected on the seller’s last balance sheet, were incurred in the ordinary course of business.See Medigroup, Inc. v. Schildknecht, 463 F.2d 525 (7th Cir. 1972). In Medigroup, the trialjudge defined “ordinary course of business” as “that course of conduct that reasonableprudent men would use in conducting business affairs as they may occur from day to day,”and instructed the jury that the past practices of the company being sold, not “the generalconduct of business throughout the community,” was the relevant standard. Id. at 529; cf. In3148166v1- 34 -