storm water management model, version 4: user's manual

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Contents (continued)Special Considerations............................................................................ 309Rainfall Interval....................................................................................... 310Preparation of Input Data .............................................................................. 310Extent of Data ......................................................................................... 310Data Group A1 ........................................................................................ 310Data Group B1 ........................................................................................ 310Data Group B2 ........................................................................................ 312Computations ................................................................................................ 313Return Period .......................................................................................... 313Moments.................................................................................................. 313Section 11 Temp Block............................................................................................................... 319Block Description.......................................................................................... 319Introduction ............................................................................................. 319Program Operation .................................................................................. 319Input Options........................................................................................... 319Output Options........................................................................................ 319Input and Output Files................................................................................... 319File Identification .................................................................................... 319Special Considerations............................................................................ 320Data Interval............................................................................................ 320Preparation of Input Data .............................................................................. 320Extent of Data ......................................................................................... 320Data Group A1 ........................................................................................ 321Data Group B1 ........................................................................................ 321Data Group B2 ........................................................................................ 322Section 12 References ................................................................................................................. 335Appendices........................................................................................................................................I Continuous Simulation.............................................................................................. 346Continuous and Single Event Simulation ........................................................... 346Continuous SWMM Overview ........................................................................... 347Input Data............................................................................................................ 347Catchment Schematization.................................................................................. 347Output.................................................................................................................. 347Runoff Block................................................................................................. 347Statistics Block.............................................................................................. 348Other Blocks.................................................................................................. 348Dry-Period Regeneration..................................................................................... 349Quantity......................................................................................................... 349xii
Contents (continued))Quality........................................................................................................... 349Continuous SWMM Compared to Storm............................................................ 349II SWMM Snowmelt Routines ..................................................................................... 350Introduction ......................................................................................................... 350Overview ............................................................................................................. 351Snow Depth................................................................................................... 351Single Event Simulation................................................................................ 351Continuous Simulation.................................................................................. 351Pollutant Simulation...................................................................................... 352Snow and Temperature Generation from NWS Tapes........................................ 352National Weather Service (NWS) Data ........................................................ 352Creation of Hourly Temperatures.................................................................. 352Generation of Snowfall Intensities................................................................ 356Gage Catch Deficiency Correction................................................................ 356Structure of Precipitation-Temperature Data Set .......................................... 356Single Event SWMM .................................................................................... 356Subcatchment Schematization ............................................................................ 358Land Surface-Snow Cover Combinations..................................................... 358Redistribution and Simulation of Snow Removal......................................... 360Array Restrictions ......................................................................................... 360Melt Calculations ................................................................................................ 363Theory of Snowmelt...................................................................................... 363SWMM Melt Equations ................................................................................ 364Heat Exchange During Non-Melt Periods .................................................... 368Areal Extent of Snow Cover ......................................................................... 369Liquid Water Routing in Snow Pack............................................................. 374Net Runoff..................................................................................................... 374Effect of Snow on Infiltration and Surface Parameters................................. 376Quality Interactions ............................................................................................. 376Pollutant Accumulation................................................................................. 376Street Sweeping............................................................................................. 377Other Considerations..................................................................................... 377Data Requirements .............................................................................................. 377Input Parameters............................................................................................ 377Sensitivity...................................................................................................... 379Output.................................................................................................................. 379Temperature and Snowfall Generation ......................................................... 379Runoff Simulation Output............................................................................. 379III Reduction of Energy Balance Equation to Degree-Day Equation............................. 380Purpose................................................................................................................ 380xiii
Page 1: EPA/600/3-88/001aNTIS PB88-236641/A
Page 4 and 5: are not severe, the model is very e
Page 7 and 8: ContentsDisclaimer ................
Page 9 and 10: Contents (continued)Discretization
Page 11: Contents (continued)Pollutant Remov
Page 15 and 16: Contents (continued)Particle Size D
Page 17 and 18: Figures (continued)4-32. Time histo
Page 19 and 20: Figures (continued)VII-14.BOD conce
Page 22 and 23: Tables (continued)VIII-1. Average M
Page 24 and 25: Changes for October 1992 Second Pri
Page 26 and 27: Heaney and Nix, 1977) and others: H
Page 28 and 29: All three original contractors have
Page 30 and 31: 4) The effect (receiving waters):SW
Page 32 and 33: Table 1-1. Summary of EPA Storm Wat
Page 34 and 35: Table 1-1. ContinuedComputational S
Page 36 and 37: Table 1-1. ContinuedCosts(1) Model
Page 38 and 39: sequencing of input data is still p
Page 40 and 41: available, SWMM may also be used as
Page 42 and 43: Figure 2-1. Relationship among SWMM
Page 44 and 45: Table 2-1. Example SWMM Input with
Page 46 and 47: printed either under the graph or a
Page 48 and 49: 6) the number of pollutants found o
Page 50 and 51: Table 2-2. Detailed Organization of
Page 52 and 53: Table 2-3. FORTRAN Statements Requi
Page 54 and 55: Table 2-5. SWMM Parameter Statement
Page 56 and 57: I/O DeviceLogical UnitCard Reader 5
Page 58 and 59: Here, JIN(K+1) = I refers to an inp
Page 60 and 61: Runoff Block, such a run would be m
Page 62 and 63:
Table 2-9. Executive and Graph Bloc
Page 64 and 65:
Table 2-9. ContinuedVariable Descri
Page 66 and 67:
Table 2-9. ContinuedVariable Descri
Page 68 and 69:
Section 3Combine BlockBlock Descrip
Page 70 and 71:
Figure 3-1. Combination of SWMM run
Page 72 and 73:
can be used to combine the two netw
Page 74 and 75:
Table 3-1. Combine Block Input Data
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