The Distribution of Iranian Ammunition in Africa - Conflict Armament ...

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ANNEXESANNEX 4: NIgERIAN wEAPONS ANd AmmuNITION SEIzuRE, OCTOBER 2010: BILL OFLAdINg dATEd 2 JuNE 2010Source: Confidential42Conflict Armament ResearchThe Distribution of Iranian Ammunition in Africa: Evidence from a Nine-country Investigation
ENdNOTES1 The headstamp is applied to the cartridge during manufacture. Specifically, it is applied during aprocess known as ‘drawing’ or ‘extrusion’. In the drawing process a machine forces a cup-shaped pieceof brass into a mould or ‘die’ to form the initial, elongated shape of the cartridge case. A hardenedsteel plug, called a ‘bunter’, then punches a hole (the primer pocket) in the base of the cartridge andsimultaneously impresses the headstamp on the cartridge base.2 See DIO (2012) for technical specifications.3 In the examples given in Table 1 the stamping quality differs primarily due to the condition of thebunter used to impart the headstamp. The bunter features raised markings. After continuous use thebunter becomes worn and the markings imparted to the cartridge head become less well defined andshallower. Variations in the quality and depth of markings on the headstamps pictured in Table 1 arethe result of this process.4 See DIO (2012) for technical specifications.5 Conflict Armament Research has also documented a fourth type of cartridge that may be Iranian inorigin. The cartridge is 12.7 x 108 mm in calibre and features a similar headstamp configuration to thecartridges described above. See Annex 3 for details.6 Information obtained in email and telephone discussions with US-based cartridge collectors, May–June2012.7 Agence France Press photographs of the shipment displaying the green battle bags can be found at.8 For detailed photographs, see IMFA (2002).9 See IMFA (2002) for images of the seized ammunition.10 US-based ammunition collectors report that the ammunition first appeared on the US market in thelate 1990s, described as ‘Portuguese ammunition’ (information obtained in email and telephonediscussions, May–June 2012).11 Observations and interviews by James Bevan in Eastern Equatoria State, (then) southern Sudan,February 2008.12 Interviews conducted by James Bevan in November and December 2006 with civilian users of theIranian ammunition in Turkana North District, Kenya.13 See UNSC (2007).14 For a full presentation of the findings, see Bevan (2008a; 2008b).15 Observations made by James Bevan in Lokichoggio, northern Kenya in January 2008.16 See Bevan (2008a, pp. 46–51) for a presentation of the methodology and findings.Conflict Armament ResearchThe Distribution of Iranian Ammunition in Africa: Evidence from a Nine-country Investigation 43
Page 1 and 2: THE DISTRIBUTION OFIRANIAN AMMUNITI
Page 5 and 6: CONTRIBUTORS TOTHIS REPORTThe follo
Page 9: INTRODUCTIONConflict Armament Resea
Page 12 and 13: PHYSICAL EVIDENCE OF IRANIAN AMMUNI
Page 14 and 15: PHYSICAL EVIDENCE OF IRANIAN AMMUNI
Page 16: AFRICAN GOVERNMENTSAPPEAR TO BE THE
Page 19 and 20: IRANIAN AMMUNITION DISTRIBUTION IN
Page 21 and 22: IRANIAN AMMUNITION DISTRIBUTION IN
Page 23 and 24: CASE STUDIESThe following case stud
Page 25 and 26: CASE STUDIESImage 9Iranian 7.62 x 3
Page 27 and 28: CASE STUDIESIsrael targeted the YIC
Page 29 and 30: CASE STUDIESImage 14Iranian 7.62 x
Page 31 and 32: CASE STUDIESImage 17Iranian 7.62 x
Page 33 and 34: CASE STUDIESSecond, in 2011 and 201
Page 35 and 36: CASE STUDIESADDITIONAl CASESInvesti
Page 37 and 38: CONCLuSIONIran is a recent supplier
Page 39 and 40: ANNExESANNEX 1: TECHNICAL SPECIFICA
Page 41: ANNEXESANNEX 3: SuSPECTEd IRANIAN 1
Page 45 and 46: ENDNOTES32 See Amnesty Internationa
Page 47 and 48: BIBLIOgRAPHYAmnesty International.
Page 50: Email: admin@conflictarm.comwww.con

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