instance, the WAP Forum created mobileprofiles of the cascading style sheet (CSS)language and the extensible hypertextmarkup language (XHTML), which areused in WAP 2.x. Work is also underwayto incorporate a mobile profile for scalablevector graphics (SVG), a technology used inmultimedia messaging service (MMS). Eachof these activities is part of a larger collaborationwith the W3C, which is the originatorof these technologies.Interoperability—animportant <strong>com</strong>ponentProducing a specification is not enough; youmust also ensure that the products that implementthe standard work together. Consequently,one of the most active parts of theOMA is the interoperability group, in whichEricsson has a very active role (for example,Ericsson chaired the group during its crucialformation stage).In the OMA, each specification must beac<strong>com</strong>panied by a set of static conformancerequirements. Each implementation of aspecification must fulfill its set of these requirements.Likewise, there are several testcases to which the implementer must conform.Conformance is tested at Test Fest(test party) events organized by the OMAInteroperability Process group for each enablerrelease. A Test Fest is less formal thancertification testing, but still makes certainthat the various implementations work together.Requirements-driven processIn many cases, the development of standardsin the mobile industry has been driven bytechnology itself—that is, a given technologyhas often been standardized without regardto the market in which it will be employed.Some would claim that the perceivedfailure of early WAP technology canbe attributed to this phenomenon. By contrast,the OMA, inspired by standard initiatives,such as ETSI and 3GPP, togetherwith experiences gained from its affiliates,will respond to market needs through a requirements-drivenprocess.The OMA requirements group is responsiblefor coordinating requirements.Whereas the requirements create a set ofgoals that the standard must fulfill, eachnew work must also show that the activityis necessary. The requirements are marketbased,and are intended to be a filter andprovide the proper orientation for standardization.The requirements group is the focuspoint for many mobile operators. As a membetof this group, Ericsson is working to introducemodels and methods from EricssonConsumer Lab and elsewhere to speed up theprocess and improve its focus.OMA—the achievementsInstead of starting from square one, theOMA is gradually generating a host of <strong>com</strong>prehensivedeliverables, including new initiativesthat promote industry convergence.For instance, the OMA is finalizing agreementsof cooperation with the industry. Examplesof such agreements include LibertyAlliance and Parlay. The OMA is alsoadding to cooperation with the 3GPP and3GPP2. Moreover, numerous OMA IOPTest Fests are held for areas such as SyncMLand Wireless Village. Finally, the work ofthe OMA is not tied to any particular operatingsystem. Instead, as part of its architecture,it adds detailed working principlesfor every specification group.OMA and Ericsson—the solutionsThe technologies of the OMA cover the entireend-to-end spectrum of services availableto the end-user. This means that theOMA's agenda includes terminal technologiesas well as server-based systems.Emerging OMA solutions will be based onstandard technology that uses advanced, richmedia-capablemobile platforms, such as• multimedia messaging;• enhanced graphical Internet browsingbased on XML; and• network-based location technology withsupport for existing legacy mobile devicesand full-featured GPS-enabled mobile devices.More advanced third-generation mobile devicesbased on open-standard technology,such as XML (W3C), J2ME-Java (JCP), andSIP/RTP, will further facilitate the developmentof new and <strong>com</strong>pelling services formultimedia entertainment, interactivegaming and advanced instant messagingand presence solutions.OMA in the mobile platform andterminalsThe OMA Mobile Applications Group iscontinuing to develop the Mobile ApplicationsEnvironment, the heir to the WAPForum Wireless Application Environment,which contains support for an address book,calendar, scripting language, and browserfunctions. The imminent affiliation of theEricsson Review No. 1, 2003
Figure 6Example of the OMA concept withenablers, interfaces and APIs.Mobile Games Interoperability Forum, willput a function that depends heavily on standardizingterminals squarely on the OMAagenda. Obviously this will affect the workin the OMA and the direction it takes in thefuture.Third-generation phones from SonyEricsson and other manufacturers will greatlybenefit from the specifications of theOMA, since they are based on open and interoperablestandards and service enablersthat provide the best possible quality endto-end,as implemented by Ericsson MobilePlatforms. For the sake of performance, it isstill more efficient to petform many functionsin the service layer of the fixed network.But with the addition of more technologyin the mobile phone, the creation ofentirely new end-user services is not far off.OMA in the (service) networkThe OMA does not define network technologies,since this lies outside of the scopeset by its founders. The main task of theOMA is to provide enablers which simplifythe development and deployment of enduserservices that use mobile technologies.Ericsson's service network framework(SNF), for example, and the OMA architectureoverlap, but not entirely.By following the intent of the EricssonSNF work and by capitalizing on select technology,Ericsson can make a strong contributionto the OMA standards (as well asmake a noticeable impact on the industry).At best, by providing contributions that arebased on ready-made Ericsson technology,Ericsson can stay one step ahead of the <strong>com</strong>petition.Eticsson's customers will thus benefitftom fast roll-out of OMA technology,which is based on a <strong>com</strong>plete and featurerichSNF solution.ConclusionSince every stakeholder can benefit from thework produced by the OMA, it is paramountthat end-users find it worthwhile to endeavorinto a mobile experience for businessand pleasure. Sony Ericsson is at the forefrontwith another generation of media-richdevices that create a mobile bridge to theentertainment industry. Technology fromEricsson's infrastructure business andEricsson Mobile Platforms will make thispossible.Standards-development activities withinthe Ericsson infrastructure side with keensupport from the Ericsson Mobile Platformsin Lund, Sweden, will play a great and importantrole in making the OMA a successfor an entire industry. Ericsson Mobile Platformswill be <strong>com</strong>mitted to deliver the necessarytechnology and support to further enhancethe end-user experience of advancedend-to-end mobile services.Ericsson Review No. 1, 2003 17