PHARYNGEAL AIRWAY VOLUME FOLLOWING ...

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volume, we can more accurately determine how the airway changes following maxillomandibular advancement surgery, determine whether or not there is a significant increase in airway volume, and if the results are stable over time. In addition, we can determine if there is a correlation between the amount of advancement and the degree of volumetric change. 2
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Pharyngeal Airway Anatomy The pharyngeal airway is an intricate structure. In conjunction with its surrounding structures, it is responsible for the physiologic processes of swallowing, vocalization, and respiration. 1 The airway lies posterior to the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and larynx. It begins posterior to the nasal turbinates and extends inferiorly to the esophagus. The superior wall is formed by the body of the sphenoid bone and the basilar part of the occipital bone. 1 The nasal turbinates, soft palate, tongue, and glottis make up the anterior border. The posterior wall is formed by the pharyngeal constrictor muscles. The lateral walls contain adipose tissue, lymphoid tissue, and numerous muscles. 1 The airway is subdivided into three anatomical regions: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx (Figure 2.1). The nasopharynx is the area between the nasal turbinates and the hard palate. The oropharynx contains two areas: retropalatal (from the hard palate to the tip of the soft palate) and retroglossal (from the tip of the soft palate to the epiglottis). The hypopharynx extends from the epiglottis to the esophagus. 1 3
Page 1 and 2: PHARYNGEAL AIRWAY VOLUME FOLLOWING
Page 3 and 4: PHARYNGEAL AIRWAY VOLUME FOLLOWING
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Descripti
Page 9: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Combined or
Page 13 and 14: the posterior pharyngeal wall, 2 or
Page 15 and 16: mask discomfort, nasal dryness, and
Page 17 and 18: Tongue-Reduction Procedures Other s
Page 19 and 20: structures causes the airway muscle
Page 21 and 22: after surgery, the upper retropalat
Page 23 and 24: skeletal tissues, soft tissues, and
Page 25 and 26: Literature Cited 1. Schwab RJ, Gold
Page 27 and 28: 19. Wittels EH, Thompson S. Obstruc
Page 29 and 30: 37. Li KK, Guilleminault C, Riley R
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER 3: JOURNAL ARTICLE Abstract
Page 33 and 34: patients often have elongated soft
Page 35 and 36: subsequent to orthognathic surgery
Page 37 and 38: years. Females had a mean age of 28
Page 39 and 40: Line from Sella to PNS Posterior of
Page 41 and 42: Line from Maxillary Incisor to Post
Page 43 and 44: counterclockwise rotation of the ma
Page 45 and 46: Table 3.1: Descriptive Statistics f
Page 47 and 48: Volume (cubic mm) 30000.00 25000.00
Page 49 and 50: percent change from T0 to T2 (r=.55
Page 51 and 52: surrounding soft tissues encroachin
Page 53 and 54: the pre-surgical values, but there
Page 55 and 56: Conclusions 1. In this study, patie
Page 57 and 58: 10. Lyberg T, Krogstad O, Djupeslan
Page 59 and 60: 27. Li KK, Powell NB, Riley RW, Tro

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