PHARYNGEAL AIRWAY VOLUME FOLLOWING ...

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employed to divide the airway into superior and inferior components may not have been accurate since the maxillary incisal edge most likely changed vertical position as a result of surgery; therefore, the airway may not have been separated at the same point along the posterior pharyngeal wall. For future studies, a hard tissue landmark that is not surgically altered could be utilized. There are other variables that could have influenced individual surgical results, including differential patient response to surgery, soft tissue thickness, muscle tonicity, body mass index, age, gender, and the fact that both jaws were surgically repositioned rather than one jaw. The results of the current study differ from other studies that measured airway volume utilizing CBCT. Stigall found no significant differences in airway volume after mandibular advancement surgery. This may have been due to the small sample size (n=9, 6 patients also had a maxillary advancement surgery), soft tissue swelling of tissues adjacent to the airway since post-surgical scans were taken between 1 and 8 weeks post-surgery, and/or the small amount of mandibular advancement (mean = 3.25 mm). Sears 2 found a significant increase in airway volume one month following surgery, but volume decreased at 6-8 months following surgery. Airway volume did not return to 44
the pre-surgical values, but there was not a significant difference between the 6-8 month measurements and baseline values. The sample in Sears’s study consisted of 20 patients who had undergone a variety of orthognathic surgical procedures, and only two of these patients received maxillomandibular advancement osteotomies. When these two patients were examines separately, no significant changes were found. 2 The majority of previous studies examined two- dimensional changes in airway size. Even though the present study examined the 3-dimensional changes, the results support the 2-dimensional findings, which report an increase in airway size following maxillomandibular advancement osteotomies. However, previous studies 26,27 showed a decrease in size over time whereas no significant differences in volume were found in the present study between T1 and T2. The present study had several limitations. Tongue and head position were not standardized, which could have influenced the results. As previously mentioned, the method of separating the superior and inferior airway components may not have been accurate due to utilizing a skeletal landmark that changed position with surgical movement. The sample was mainly a non-apneic sample, the 45
Page 1 and 2: PHARYNGEAL AIRWAY VOLUME FOLLOWING
Page 3 and 4: PHARYNGEAL AIRWAY VOLUME FOLLOWING
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Descripti
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Combined or
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Page 13 and 14: the posterior pharyngeal wall, 2 or
Page 15 and 16: mask discomfort, nasal dryness, and
Page 17 and 18: Tongue-Reduction Procedures Other s
Page 19 and 20: structures causes the airway muscle
Page 21 and 22: after surgery, the upper retropalat
Page 23 and 24: skeletal tissues, soft tissues, and
Page 25 and 26: Literature Cited 1. Schwab RJ, Gold
Page 27 and 28: 19. Wittels EH, Thompson S. Obstruc
Page 29 and 30: 37. Li KK, Guilleminault C, Riley R
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER 3: JOURNAL ARTICLE Abstract
Page 33 and 34: patients often have elongated soft
Page 35 and 36: subsequent to orthognathic surgery
Page 37 and 38: years. Females had a mean age of 28
Page 39 and 40: Line from Sella to PNS Posterior of
Page 41 and 42: Line from Maxillary Incisor to Post
Page 43 and 44: counterclockwise rotation of the ma
Page 45 and 46: Table 3.1: Descriptive Statistics f
Page 47 and 48: Volume (cubic mm) 30000.00 25000.00
Page 49 and 50: percent change from T0 to T2 (r=.55
Page 51: surrounding soft tissues encroachin
Page 55 and 56: Conclusions 1. In this study, patie
Page 57 and 58: 10. Lyberg T, Krogstad O, Djupeslan
Page 59 and 60: 27. Li KK, Powell NB, Riley RW, Tro

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