laterites - ALTA Metallurgical Services

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$developments in the processing of refractory & complex gold ores$

ISSUES WITH PAL PROCESS• The capital cost is high.• It has a high acid consumption for saprolitic ores with highmagnesium content.• The process conditions are highly corrosive.• The maintenance cost is relatively high.• Autoclave descaling and maintenance involves significant pantdowntime.• Sophisticated control/safety systems are needed.• Downstream processing is complex.• There has been a lengthy ramp-up time for the majority ofprojects.14
EPAL PROCESS• It was developed by BHP Billiton and installed atRavensthorpe, Western Australia. Commissioningcommenced in late 2007, and operation was suspended inearly 2009, attributed to a fall in nickel price.• It was acquired by First Quantum in December 2009 andrestarted after modifications, with commercial productionachieved in late 2011.• Limonite ore is treated by PAL and saprolite ore byatmospheric tank leaching.15
Page 1: LATERITES - STILL A FRONTIER OFNICK
Page 4 and 5: CARON PROCESS• It is not a new pr
Page 6 and 7: CURRENT CARON INSTALLATIONSPlant St
Page 8 and 9: ISSUES WITH CARON FLOWSHEET• It h
Page 10 and 11: PAL PROCESS (cont.)• Since then,
Page 12 and 13: CURRENT PAL INSTALLATIONS(Excluding
Page 16 and 17: EPAL PROCESS FLOWSHEET(Ref: Ravenst
Page 18 and 19: DEVELOPING PROCESSES USINGSULPHURIC
Page 20 and 21: STANDALONE AL• Standalone AL has
Page 22 and 23: ISSUES WITH AL• It generally has
Page 24 and 25: CALDAG HL DEMONSTRATION PLANT(Ref:
Page 26 and 27: ISSUES WITH HL• Laterites frequen
Page 28 and 29: ADVANTAGES OF SULPHURIC ACID BASEDL
Page 30 and 31: DEVELOPING PROCESSES USING CHLORIDE
Page 32 and 33: NEOMET PROCESS FLOWSHEET(Ref: Neome
Page 34 and 35: DEVELOPING PROCESSES USING NITRICLE
Page 36 and 37: DNi PROCESS FLOWSHEET(Ref: Direct N
Page 38 and 39: SUMMARY OF PRESENT STATUS FORPROCES
Page 40 and 41: The field is still wide openThere i

laterites - ALTA Metallurgical Services

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