laterites - ALTA Metallurgical Services

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$developments in the processing of refractory & complex gold ores$

ISSUES WITH CARON FLOWSHEET• It has high energy consumption for the initial ore drying step.• Nickel recovery is only moderately high.• Cobalt recovery is relatively low.• It is generally limited to limonite and mixed ores with >35%Fe.• Recovery falls off with saprolite ores.• It is sensitive to mineral composition and requires carefulmining and blending.8
PAL PROCESS• The process is also not new. The first plant was commissionedby Freeport at Moa Nay, Cuba, in 1959. It was also taken overby the Cuban Government in 1960 and remains in operationtoday.• The next major action was not until the development of theAMAX and Nical Processes in the 1970s and 1980s for theProny Project in New Caledonia and the Gasquet Project inNorthern California respectively. Neither reachedcommercialization due mainly to low nickel price.• In fact there were no further commercial PAL operations tillthe 1990s when three plants were built in Western Australia,namely Bulong, Cawse & Murrin Murrin (Bulong and Cawseare now closed).9
Page 1: LATERITES - STILL A FRONTIER OFNICK
Page 4 and 5: CARON PROCESS• It is not a new pr
Page 6 and 7: CURRENT CARON INSTALLATIONSPlant St
Page 10 and 11: PAL PROCESS (cont.)• Since then,
Page 12 and 13: CURRENT PAL INSTALLATIONS(Excluding
Page 14 and 15: ISSUES WITH PAL PROCESS• The capi
Page 16 and 17: EPAL PROCESS FLOWSHEET(Ref: Ravenst
Page 18 and 19: DEVELOPING PROCESSES USINGSULPHURIC
Page 20 and 21: STANDALONE AL• Standalone AL has
Page 22 and 23: ISSUES WITH AL• It generally has
Page 24 and 25: CALDAG HL DEMONSTRATION PLANT(Ref:
Page 26 and 27: ISSUES WITH HL• Laterites frequen
Page 28 and 29: ADVANTAGES OF SULPHURIC ACID BASEDL
Page 30 and 31: DEVELOPING PROCESSES USING CHLORIDE
Page 32 and 33: NEOMET PROCESS FLOWSHEET(Ref: Neome
Page 34 and 35: DEVELOPING PROCESSES USING NITRICLE
Page 36 and 37: DNi PROCESS FLOWSHEET(Ref: Direct N
Page 38 and 39: SUMMARY OF PRESENT STATUS FORPROCES
Page 40 and 41: The field is still wide openThere i

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