laterites - ALTA Metallurgical Services

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$developments in the processing of refractory & complex gold ores$

ISSUES WITH AL• It generally has a high acid consumption, especially forsaprolite ore, leading to higher operating cost which offsetsthe saving in capital cost versus PAL.• It produces high levels of iron and other impurities in theleach solution which makes downstream processing morechallenging.• It is generally less effective for leaching limonite ore andsulphur dioxide injection may be needed to achieve highcobalt extraction.• It typically operates close to 100C so that expensive materialsof construction are needed.22
HEAP LEACHING• Development work has been carried out by numerousorganizations since the 1990’s, but no standalone commercialoperation has yet been established.• A commercial satellite operation treating grinding circuit scatswas established in 2007 by Minara at Murrin Murrin inWestern Australia. Fresh ore treatment was also successfullydemonstrated, but is not currently practiced as it is said to bemore profitable to send ore through the existing PAL circuit.• A stand-alone HL demonstration plant was operated byEuropean Nickel at Caldag in Turkey, in 2004; but the projectwas held up by permitting issues. It was sold in 2011 and isnow owned by VTG Nikel of Turkey who are aiming forcommercial operation.23
Page 1: LATERITES - STILL A FRONTIER OFNICK
Page 4 and 5: CARON PROCESS• It is not a new pr
Page 6 and 7: CURRENT CARON INSTALLATIONSPlant St
Page 8 and 9: ISSUES WITH CARON FLOWSHEET• It h
Page 10 and 11: PAL PROCESS (cont.)• Since then,
Page 12 and 13: CURRENT PAL INSTALLATIONS(Excluding
Page 14 and 15: ISSUES WITH PAL PROCESS• The capi
Page 16 and 17: EPAL PROCESS FLOWSHEET(Ref: Ravenst
Page 18 and 19: DEVELOPING PROCESSES USINGSULPHURIC
Page 20 and 21: STANDALONE AL• Standalone AL has
Page 24 and 25: CALDAG HL DEMONSTRATION PLANT(Ref:
Page 26 and 27: ISSUES WITH HL• Laterites frequen
Page 28 and 29: ADVANTAGES OF SULPHURIC ACID BASEDL
Page 30 and 31: DEVELOPING PROCESSES USING CHLORIDE
Page 32 and 33: NEOMET PROCESS FLOWSHEET(Ref: Neome
Page 34 and 35: DEVELOPING PROCESSES USING NITRICLE
Page 36 and 37: DNi PROCESS FLOWSHEET(Ref: Direct N
Page 38 and 39: SUMMARY OF PRESENT STATUS FORPROCES
Page 40 and 41: The field is still wide openThere i

laterites - ALTA Metallurgical Services

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