Leather/Skin/Hide Processing Industry - Environmental Clearance

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Leather / Skin / Hide Processing Industry (Tannery)surface water. Ground water from their own open wells/tubewells existing within theirpremises is also used by some tanneries. Most of the traditional tanneries store water inopen cement lined pits and ground level tanks. Water from these storage tanks would bepumped directly to the process zones.B. Wastewater generation and characteristicsVolume of wastewater (effluent) and its characteristics vary from tannery to tannery.They may also vary within the same tannery from time to time. The wastewater frombeam house process viz. soaking, liming, deliming, etc., are highly alkaline, containingdecomposing organic matter, hair, lime, sulphide and organic nitrogen with high BODand COD. The wastewater from tanyard process viz. pickling, chrome tanning are acidicand coloured. Effluent from vegetable tanning contains high organic matter. The chrometanning wastes contain high amounts of chromium mostly in the trivalent form. Thecharacteristics of combined wastewater before treatment and after treatment are given inTable 3.1.Table 3-1: Characteristics of WastewaterSLNo.ParametersAverage concentration inmg/litre (BeforeTreatment)Average concentrationin mg/litre(After Pretreatment)1. BOD 1850 7002. COD 4500 30003. Chloride 5500 12004. SS 3750 15005. Total Cr 165 38Source: Minimal National Standard for Tanneries: COINDS/35/1991-92,CPCB, DelhiThe pollution load per tonne of hides and skins process is given in Table 3-2Table 3-2: Pollution Load per tonne of Hides/Skins ProcessedS.No. Pollution Parameter Pollution Load (kg)1 Volume (m 3 ) 402 BOD 703 COD 1804 Chlorides (Cl) 2705 Dissolved Solids 6006 Suspended Solids (SS) 1007 Sulphides (S) 48 Chromium (Cr) 30Note: Composite Wastewater (no Segregation)Source: Central Leather Research InstituteTGM for Tanneries August 20103-8
Leather / Skin / Hide Processing Industry (Tannery)Process-wise generation of wastewater and their characteristics are explained inTable 3-3:Table 3-3: Characteristics of Tannery EffluentParameter Soaking Beam HouseOperation(Liming,Reliming,Fleshing ,Deliming)Pickling &ChromeTanningWet finish -Rechroming Dyeing &Fat LiquorComposite(IncludingWashings)Volume of theeffluent inlitres /ton ofhides/skins6000 -90006000 – 10000 1500 – 3000 3000 – 5000 30000 –40000pH 7.5 - 8.0 8 - 12 2.2 – 4.0 3.5 - 4.5 7.0 - 9.0BOD 5 day at20°C (Total)1100 -2500COD (Total) 3000 -60002000 - 8000 400 - 800 1000 – 2000 1200 – 30003000 – 15000 1000 - 3000 2500 – 7000 2500 – 8000Sulphide (as S) - 50 – 200 - - 30 – 150Total Solids(TS)DissolvedSolids (DS)SuspendedSolids (SS)Chlorides (asCl)35000 -5500032000 -480003000 -700015000 -300006000 - 20000 30000 -600005000 – 15000 29000 -580004000 –1000015000 –250003400 – 9000 13000 –200003000 – 15000 1000 - 2000 600 – 1000 2000 – 50003000 – 6000 15000 -25000500 – 1000 6000 – 9500Total Cr - - 1500 - 3000 30 – 60 80 – 200 All values except pH are expressed in mg/L Volume of wastewater applicable for hides (cow & buffalo) and goatskins and not forwool sheepskinsSource: Central Leather Research Institute3.3.1.1 Effluent treatmentTechniques for treating effluent from tanneries include source segregation and pretreatmentfor removal/ recovery of chromium; grease traps, skimmers or oil waterseparators for separation of floatable solids; filtration for separation of filterable solids;flow and load equalization; sedimentation for suspended solids reduction using clarifiers;biological treatment, typically aerobic treatment, for reduction of BOD; biologicalnutrient removal for reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus; chlorination of effluent wheredisinfection is required; dewatering and disposal of residuals in designated hazardouswaste landfills. The typical wastewater treatment process flow diagram is shown inFigure 3-4. The following additional engineering controls may be required in addressingthe specific pollution control parameters:TGM for Tanneries August 20103-9
Page 1 and 2: FORPrepared forGovernment of India
Page 4 and 5: Table of Contents3.5.2 Tannery effl
Page 6 and 7: Table of ContentsLIST OF FIGURESFig
Page 9: AcronymsIUEkglLDARLCALTLm 2mg/m³mg
Page 12 and 13: protocol/ related regulations/ and
Page 14 and 15: IntroductionOperational issues1.1 P
Page 16 and 17: Introductionfor 27 industrial and r
Page 18 and 19: Conceptual Facets of EIA2.2 Polluti
Page 20 and 21: Conceptual Facets of EIABench marki
Page 22 and 23: Conceptual Facets of EIAproduct aft
Page 24 and 25: Conceptual Facets of EIA2.3.2.8 4-R
Page 26 and 27: Conceptual Facets of EIAR&D activit
Page 28 and 29: Conceptual Facets of EIAProject lev
Page 30 and 31: Conceptual Facets of EIAThis practi
Page 32 and 33: Conceptual Facets of EIAother effec
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Page 36 and 37: Leather / Skin / Hide Processing In
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Page 68 and 69: Operational Aspects of EIA4.2 Scree
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Operational Aspects of EIAtime, if
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Operational Aspects of EIAImportant
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Operational Aspects of EIABiologica
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Operational Aspects of EIAS. NO EIA
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Operational Aspects of EIAConcerned
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Operational Aspects of EIAFinal EIA
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Operational Aspects of EIAIf the Au
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5.STAKEHOLDERS’ ROLES ANDRESPONSI
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Stakeholders’ Roles and Responsib
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ANNEXURE IGeneral Standards for Dis
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18. Hexavalent chromium (as Cr+6) m
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2. The user should make efforts to
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ANNEXURE IIForm 1 (Application for
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1.6 Demolition works?1.7 Temporary
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3. Use, storage, transport, handlin
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5.6 Emissions from incineration of
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9. Factors which should be consider
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ANNEXURE IIICritically Polluted Ind
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8 Vellore (North Arcot) (TamilNadu)
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31 Pali (Rajasthan)CEPI-73.73 (As_W
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TYPES OF MONITORING AND NETWORK DES
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knowledge of the sources of the pro
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GUIDANCE FOR ASSESSMENT OF BASELINE
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AttributesSamplingMeasurement Metho
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AttributesSamplingMeasurement Metho
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ANNEXURE VISources of Secondary Dat
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Information8. Nature of Terrain, to
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Annexure IVB: Summary of Available
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13. Department of Ocean Development
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19. Indian Meteorology Department S
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32. National Botanical Research Ins
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ANNEXURE VIIForm through which the
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ANNEXURE VIIIComposition of EAC/SEA
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I)Primary treatment is the first st
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compounds degraded in step 1) and t
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New Machineries:These are a few pho
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REFERENCESMinistry of Environment a
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IL&FS Ecosmart LimitedFlat # 408, S
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