Yiwarra Kuju: The Canning Stock Route – education kit - National ...

Why did Canning use the chains?Re the handcuffing of a gin; it was only done with the hope that the buck wouldreturn, he having run away with the chain (which was necessary we should getfor future use) … In conclusion I might add that the natives were treated withevery consideration throughout, and as far as their wells are concerned they havea much better supply and easier access than if we never visited them.Alfred Canning, letter, 1907It is most probable that the friction that lay between Canning and the Aboriginalpeople along the stock route was indeed the result of Canning’s treatment of them.In Western Australia, the Aboriginal people were controlled by the Aborigines Act1905 (WA). Under this Act Aboriginal people faced a number of restrictions and wereplaced under the care of the ‘Chief Protector of Aborigines’ who was empowered bythe Act to manage any property an Aboriginal person might have, and to be the legalguardian of any child of Aboriginal or half-Aboriginal descent until they were 16 yearsold. At that time in Australia Aboriginal people were seen as being less importantthan non-Aboriginal people. In Canning’s understanding therefore — as well as in theroyal commissioners’ — chaining the Aboriginal people was necessary to keep themwith him and therefore an acceptable thing to do.What is the Aboriginal perspective?Although only one Aboriginal person gave evidence at the royal commissionCanning’s exploits passed into Aboriginal history.They been getting all the black people. They tie him up. One by one they let ’imgo. They let him go and they follow him ’til they find that rockhole. They make awell there.Billy Patch (Mr P), 2007Alfred Canning, grab Martu, hold him days, let him go and follow him up,and dug the well all the way long. [They call Canning] a hero. He was cunning… tricking [the] Martu. Alright, different history from me. Martu history isstraightforward.Jeffrey James, 2007What became of Alfred Canning?After finishing the well-building Alfred Canning became district surveyor for Perthin 1912. In 1923 his adult son Robert died and Canning retired from full-time workbut continued as a casual surveyor. When William Snell, the man hired to refurbishthe wells in 1929, could not continue the work, Alfred Canning was commissioned tofinish the contract. He was nearly 70 years old. Five years later, Alfred Canning diedas a result of a progressive muscular wasting disease.What is Canning’s legacy today?A legacy of Canning’s rabbit-proof fence widely known to non-Aboriginal peopleis its role in guiding three young girls home as they walked to Jigalong from theMoore River Native Settlement near Perth. This became famous in the filmRabbit-Proof Fence. The fence remained as a barrier against rabbits until theintroduction of myxomatosis in the 1950s. The legacy of the stock route is morecomplex. It has become part of Australian frontier folklore although many regardit as a heroic failure.For Aboriginal people, the legacy is more profound. It is a legacy of conflict andsurvival, of exodus and return. For the people who belong to this Country, historyis never past but lives on in the land today. Aboriginal artists from across WesternAustralia have returned to their traditional Country to paint and narrate theirversions of that history.The late Friday Jonessitting on Forrest’s Fort,Well 9, Canning Stock Route,photo by Tim Acker, 2007Questions and activities to share with your students1. Why was Canning chosen to lead the expedition?2. How did Canning approach the challenge of finding water in the desert?3. Why was it necessary to convene a royal commission to enquire into thetreatment of Aboriginal people during the expedition?4. What did the royal commission decide? What were the reasons it gave for makingthis decision? Do you think it was a fair decision? Explain your reasons.Why do you think Aboriginal people suddenly left the expedition?5. Find out about the rights of Aboriginal people in the different states and territoriesafter 1901. [The National Museum of Australia has a number of resources thatcan help you with this investigation. Go to www.nma.gov.au/education/school_resources/indigenous/]6. What do you think is important about the legacy of Alfred Canning?