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Figure 3. Long-term perspective for the territorial development of theBaltic Sea region 2030+ (VASAB).Estonia, Finland and St Petersburg make up a single functioning area of cooperation. In termsof research and development and knowledge-based services, both Tallinn, the capital, andTartu, evolving into a large city, stand out – the former a gateway to the world, the latter asa developer of global cooperative relationships. The function of the other cities and towns isto act as regional development centres, providing their residents and hinterlands with qualityservices.The viability of Estonia’s territory beyond the immediate hinterlands of Tallinn and Tartu will be determinedby the success of county centres and a city or town functioning as the economic driver of itshinterland. To be successful, it is no longer enough to provide services to one's own hinterland; animportant role is played by specialisation – the ability to find a place of one’s own in the internationaldivision of labour as well. Good examples include Otepää, Viljandi, Pärnu and Kuressaare. Fully developingand exploiting specialisation based on local know-how is very important and requires, amongstother things, the creation of appropriate conditions in multilateral partnership relations (state, localgovernment, research and development agencies, private business and others) also by means of thespatial planning of cities and towns.20
Particularly in terms of international competition, cooperation is important between those cities andtowns and regions specialising in one sector (for instance, the cooperation of Viljandi, Kuressaare andHaapsalu in tourism) or supporting one another (for example, winter sports in Otepää and Haanja,cooperation of industrial cities and towns in Ida-Viru County and the like). In the border regions ofEurope, with low-density settlement and cities’ and towns’ hinterlands cut off by national borders,development has been promoted through cross-border cooperation. In Estonia, this policy may beimplemented first and foremost in the case of Valga and Valka (Latvia). Preferably, in the future thesetwin towns will function in a more coordinated and linked manner, also by coordinating their spatialplanning. Moreover, it would be good to find common ground to cooperate similarly with the otherregions in northern Latvia.3.2.3. Quality of the living environmentThe local living environment depends on the jobs and services provided both locally and in the immediatevicinity, directly linked to the role and specialisation of a given urban community within thesettlement system. It also depends on the local spatial organisation, to which the bulk of attentionwill be devoted here.The planning of cities and towns and other larger settlements needs to preserve their compactness,make their internal structure denser and restore to active use any previously unexploited land. Estonia’scities and towns are mostly small. In the urban centres at least, the focus should be on the developmentof a public urban space that is high-quality, aesthetically and architecturally enjoyable andprovided with a close network of service facilities.Bodies of water (including the sea) are an essential element in the internal structure of cities andtowns. Waterfront areas need to be valued and opened up. In order to increase opportunities for theutilisation of bodies of water, public points of access to the bodies of water may be created, and thebanks of the bodies of water may be naturally linked up to the rest of areas that are in open and publicuse.Networks of green areas within cities and towns need to be linked to the green areas, woods andother natural areas in the vicinity as well as to leisure and sports areas outside the cities and towns.This is needed above all in the vicinity of the large cities (Tallinn and Tartu). Whilst the functioning ofthe green network is not disrupted elsewhere, in the cities and towns more attention needs to befocused on valuing and preserving the integrity of the ecosystem and on preserving and improvingthe cohesiveness of the green network.21
Page 1 and 2: NATIONAL SPATIAL PLANESTONIA 2030+
Page 3 and 4: ContentsIntroduction ..............
Page 5 and 6: IntroductionThe Estonia 2030+ natio
Page 7 and 8: An ageing population is universal i
Page 9 and 10: a stable economic basis for rural l
Page 11 and 12: The industrial low- and medium-high
Page 13 and 14: 2Estonia 2030 visionA clearly artic
Page 15 and 16: A sustainable regional public trans
Page 17 and 18: one another and by plans at various
Page 19: The strategy of linkage with cities
Page 23 and 24: and others), the state’s decision
Page 25 and 26: the main hubs for commuting. County
Page 27 and 28: Presumably, the radius of daily act
Page 29 and 30: needed not so much for ensuring the
Page 31 and 32: When mobility facilities for people
Page 33 and 34: Apart from regional bus services, a
Page 35 and 36: 35speed, convenience and safety of
Page 37 and 38: 4.3. Fast, sufficiently frequent an
Page 39 and 40: Figure 9. Change in distances acros
Page 41 and 42: port is costly and complicated, the
Page 43 and 44: 5Availability of energy infrastruct
Page 45 and 46: egional energy production - in addi
Page 47 and 48: utilisation of local resources and
Page 49 and 50: the longer term, connections could
Page 51 and 52: 6Cohesiveness of the green networka
Page 53 and 54: The current structure, cohesiveness
Page 55 and 56: Implementing the planThe Estonia 20

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