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sub-topics of the thematic plan for the counties, “Environmental conditions guiding settlement andland use”, was the green network. The boundaries of and the conditions for the utilisation of thenetwork and its components have been in comprehensive plans subsequently adopted by the ruralmunicipalities. The planning of the green network in Estonia took on an integrated approach, insofaras the functioning of the network was viewed in concert with settlement and technical infrastructure,in order to identify points of conflict and provide solutions for ensuring the cohesiveness of the greennetwork. Thus, the green network is a planning measure to improve the situation of nature conservationand the opportunities for sustainable development. This balanced point of view needs to beadhered to in planning technical infrastructure and mining mineral resources also going forward.Figure 11. National-level core areas and corridors in Estonia’s green network.TallinnNarvaKärdlaHaapsaluRaplaPaideRakvereJõhviJõgevaPärnuViljandiTartuKuressaarePõlvaValgaVõruCityNational-level large core areas (T2)National-level green corridorsNational-level small core areas (T1)Major international andnational green zonesIllustration: Veiko Veski52
The current structure, cohesiveness and proportion of the green network in Estonia and its countiesmay be considered good. The network of internationally and nationally important core areas and thecorridors connecting them is based on the generalisation of the results of counties’ thematic plans.The proportion of national large core areas is most noticeable in Ida-Viru and Lääne Counties and it isthe lowest in Rapla and Valga Counties, with Saare County having none at all. Small core areas at thenational level are there in all the counties. Where there are no large core areas, the small core areasare more important, and the planning of the utilisation of space needs to allow for their preservation.More important than increasing the core areas is the preservation of the existing ones.Figure 12 shows the most important core areas and corridors that make up the main network in Estoniaand link our green areas with the corresponding structures in neighbouring nations. Large andsmall national core areas are complemented by county-level green structures linking them into asingle network. The integrity and functioning of the large structures in the national green networkhas to be ensured, or else it will be impossible to preserve also the finer local structure. Because ofthat, the construction of large technical-infrastructure sites via large structures should be avoided ingeneral. The extent of large core areas must not decrease very much (more than 10%). Where largesites needed for the functioning of the state are being planned for the core areas of the greennetwork, cohesiveness within and between the core areas needs to be ensured. Mining mineralresources needs to ensure this by land restoration or identifying replacement areas.Particular attention needs to be directed at regions where the density of large structures in the greennetwork is lower and cohesiveness is at risk (for instance, in Central Estonia).The objectives of the green network need to be considered when catchment areas’ water managementplans, forestry management plans and the like are prepared and when environmental, agriculturaland planning activities (including the planning of national infrastructure) are organised.It is important for the green network to link well with current protected areas, forming an uninterruptedsystem that contributes to the preservation and functioning of the conservation areas, themigration of species and so on. The majority of the Natura land areas are within the green networkdefined in county plans. The green network captures more than 95% of the Natura 2000 areas in tencounties, it captures approximately 90% of the Natura 2000 areas in three counties, three-quarters inVõru County and approximately 60% in Valga County.Listing the green network as protected is neither expedient nor needed in Estonia. This would call intoquestion the preservation and development of settlement in the rural areas and conflict with theobjective of the green network and the policies of integrated spatial planning. Generally, measures in53
Page 1 and 2: NATIONAL SPATIAL PLANESTONIA 2030+
Page 3 and 4: ContentsIntroduction ..............
Page 5 and 6: IntroductionThe Estonia 2030+ natio
Page 7 and 8: An ageing population is universal i
Page 9 and 10: a stable economic basis for rural l
Page 11 and 12: The industrial low- and medium-high
Page 13 and 14: 2Estonia 2030 visionA clearly artic
Page 15 and 16: A sustainable regional public trans
Page 17 and 18: one another and by plans at various
Page 19 and 20: The strategy of linkage with cities
Page 21 and 22: Particularly in terms of internatio
Page 23 and 24: and others), the state’s decision
Page 25 and 26: the main hubs for commuting. County
Page 27 and 28: Presumably, the radius of daily act
Page 29 and 30: needed not so much for ensuring the
Page 31 and 32: When mobility facilities for people
Page 33 and 34: Apart from regional bus services, a
Page 35 and 36: 35speed, convenience and safety of
Page 37 and 38: 4.3. Fast, sufficiently frequent an
Page 39 and 40: Figure 9. Change in distances acros
Page 41 and 42: port is costly and complicated, the
Page 43 and 44: 5Availability of energy infrastruct
Page 45 and 46: egional energy production - in addi
Page 47 and 48: utilisation of local resources and
Page 49 and 50: the longer term, connections could
Page 51: 6Cohesiveness of the green networka
Page 55 and 56: Implementing the planThe Estonia 20

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