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JOURNAL OFCHILD & ADOLESCENTSUBSTANCE ABUSEVolume 13 Number 3 2004CONTENTSWhy Adolescent Problem Gamblers Do Not Seek Treatment…...……1Roben LadouceurAlexander BlaszczynskiAmelie PelletierPrevalence studies indicate that approximately 40% of adolescents participate in regulargambling with rotes of problem gambling up to four times greater than that found in adultpopulations. However, it appears that few adolescents actually seek treatment for suchproblems. The purpose of this study was to explore potential reasons why adolescents failto seek treatment for gambling problems. A semi-structured interview that includeddiagnostic criteria for pathological gambling was administered to a sample of 265adolescent school students. Only one of seven problem gamblers recognized his problemand none have sought help. From a youth perspective, it is clear that gambling does notconstitute or is not perceived to represent a major problem in their daily routine. The reasonthat adolescents do not perceived gambling to be a problem may be linked to the absence oany major adverse consequences stemming from their gambling activities. These resultsindicate that efforts should be directed toward a primary prevention approach in reducingthe impact of gambling problems.KEYWORDS. Gambling, problem gambling, adolescence, prevalence, treatmentEffects of Comorbidity on Treatment Processes and OutcomesAmong Adolescents in Drug Treatment Programs…………….……13Christine E. GrellaVandana JoshiYih-Ing HserThis study examined the relationship between treatment processes and post-treatmentabstinence using data from the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcomes Studies for Adolescents (N =810), with a focus on differences between adolescents with and without a comorbid mentaldisorder. The majority of the sample (62%) was diagnosed with at least one co-occurringmental disorder, most often conduct disorder. Overall, comorbid youth had more service needsand received more services compared with non-comorbid youth, and there were significantdifferences in service delivery by type of treatment modality. Post treatment abstinenceamong the comorbid youth was positively associated with rapport with counselors andparticipation in 12-step groups while in treatment.KEYWORDS. Adolescents, comorbidity, treatment services, treatment processes, treatmentoutcomes
The Dynamic Nature of Risk Factors for Substance UseAmong AdolescentsKaren A. Randolph…………………………………………………33Substance use is one of the major social problems facing youth today. The research on risk factorsassociated with onset and continuation of use is extensive. Typically, reviews of the literaturecategorize risk factors by environmental domain (Le., family, peer relations, neighborhoods).This review extends this f ramework by examining studies that focus on the changing nature ofrisk factors for substance use among teenagers. The underlying assumption is that, especiallyduring adolescence, these relations are dynamic and shift across time. Five time-relatedmechanisms are identified and used to describe the research. The article concludes with adiscussion about the implications for future research.KEYWORDS. Adolescence, substance use, risk factors, changeEarly Adolescent Substance Use/Abuse as Predictor to Employment inAdulthood: Gender DifferencesAlfred S. FriedmanArlene TerrasWeizhong ZhuFor the inner-city, low SES African-American community sample of this study, prospective dataon childhood educational performance and adjustment to school was available for use as controlvariables in analyses planned for predicting from early adolescent substance use/abuse to workhistory during adulthood.Results: (1) For the male sub-sample (N = 205), a greater degree of alcohol use up to age16 was fauna lo predict to poorer work history during the three-year period that preceded age37. Some possible explanations for these gender-specific findings are discussed.KEYWORDS. Adolescents, gender, employment, substance use/abusePreadolescent Psychiatric and Substance Use Disordersand the Ecology of Risk andProtection……………………………………………………..61Michael J. MasonThis paper examines the literature regarding preadolescent (ages 9-12) psychiatricdisorders, mental health problems, substance abuse disorders, and the ecology of risk andprotection. The paper is divided into three primary sections. The first section addresses thechallenges in defining and applying disorders for preadolescents. The next section reviewsthe prevalence of psychiatric disturbances and substance abuse among preadolescents. Thissection also examines the state of knowledge regarding the emotional problems that do notmeet DSM-IV criteria as disorders but that may be prodromal for future disorders. The finalsection reviews risks and preventive factors as well as an ecological theoretical frameworkthat organizes the influences of psychiatric disturbances and substance use. The primaryconclusion drawn from this review of the literature is that preadolescence is a criticaldevelopmental crossroads for the expression of mental health problems and the initiation ofsubstance abuse and that researchers and clinicians should pay particular attention to thisvulnerable age range.KEYWORDS. Preadolescent, psychiatric disorders, substance use, ecology, risk factors
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• VALLEJO RUILOBA J. (2003). UPDA
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• HENNINGFIELD J.E., BENOWITZ N.L
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• PLASSE T. (2003). EFECTOS ENTIE
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• ZATONSKI W. (2004). TOBACCO SMO
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Page 33 and 34: • WHITE P. (2004). TOBACCO IN GRE
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