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<strong>Ozean</strong> Journal of Applied Sciences 2(2), 2009Table 6. The residence time and peak area of PAH standards and interior standardsCompoundFractionSpecific time(min)Concentration(µg/ml)Peak area Injection volumen-octadecene F1 33.13 100 143955 1Naphthalene F2 23.68 40 51084 1Anthracene F2 49.61 40 114291 1Chrysene F2 32.82 2 12165 1Benzo(a)pyrene F2 53.21 40 10860 1The EOM in mussels ranged from 16.21 to 27.60 µg/g ww (Table 7). The obtained EOM in the samples ofmussels are comparable to 5 to 37 µg/g dw in the Black Sea along the northern Ukrainian coastline, butlower than 54 to 490 µg/g dw in the vicinity of Odessa, Danube coastline and Port of Sochi and 33 to 180µg/g dw in the vicinity of the Bosphorus (Oros 2006). In this study, in most of samples the PAH accountedfor a major part of the EOM (from 9 to 80%). The linear regression and correlation coefficients betweenEOM values and PAH concentrations are given in Figure 4. With the exception of only few samples, thetotal PAH concentrations was related to the concentrations of EOM (R 2 =0.78, n=25). The correlationcoefficients of PAH residues and EOM values of mussels changed between 0.275 and 0.770. The mostabundant PAH fraction benzo(a)pyrene was found in highest values in June and September, when the EOMvalues were also the highest.Table 7. Extractable organic matter (EOM) quantity in musselsSampling timeEOM (µg/g ww)June 2001 27.6September 2001 23.2January 2002 16.21March 2002 18.25Regarding hydrocarbon contamination, the European Environment Agency (1995) and Mee (1992) havehighlighted severe contamination (particularly by oil) in areas subject to riverside discharges, navigationroutes and ports. However, Wakeham (1996) and Maldonado et al. (1999) report only moderatecontamination by hydrocarbons. In this study, the absence of a correlation between total hydrocarbons andPAH (R 2 =0.041) indicates separate primary sources and/or differing transport processes for the two classesof compounds. Wakeham (1996) also report the same lack of correlation in offshore sample from the BlackSea. It is likely that combustion derived PAH will have aeolian components to their transport mechanismswhereas petrogenic PAH will be predominantly fluvial.226
<strong>Ozean</strong> Journal of Applied Sciences 2(2), 2009Naphthalene (µg/g)0,30,20,10y = -0,0094x + 0,3436r = 0,47610 15 20 25 30EOM (µg/g)Antracene(µg/g)43210y = -0,0663x + 3,2322r = 0,27510 15 20 25 30EOM (µg/g)Chrysene (µg/g)0,30,20,10y = -0,0144x + 0,3833r = 0,77010 15 20 25 30-0,1EOM (µg/g)Benzo[a]pyrene (µg/g)7,95,93,91,9-0,1y = 0,4329x - 6,5974r = 0,73310 15 20 25 30EOM (µg/g)Fig-4. Regression and Correlation between naphthlene, antracene, chrysene, benzo[a]pyrene and its EOMCONCLUSIONSThis study documented the analysis of PAH in water and mussels from Yeşilırmak River and estuary. Theresults showed that moderate levels of pollutants in water are associated with the lack of sewage systems.Most of the parameters varied seasonally. These data may be helpful in determining the actions necessary tominimize pollution sources, as well as the risks associated with pollution.The PHA concentrations in water were low when compared to the mussels, due principally to the very lowwater solubility of lipophilic PHA, which tends to accumulate in mussels. The total PAH concentrationsranged from 0.092 ng/l in estuary water to 4639 ng/g ww in mussels. The spatial distribution of thesepollutants implies major potential health risks, because they were found most frequently in places with highfishing activities. The levels of PHA were below action levels established by a regulatory administration.The mussels contained levels of PAH which reflected the levels of PHA found in their environments,confirming the mussel M. galloprovincialis as convent indicator of local pollution.REFERENCESAPHA, AWWA and WEF, Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20 th edition.United Book Press, Baltimore, 1998.O.N. Ergun, Y. Orhan, H. Büyükgüngör, Marine Pollution by Municipal Wastewater of Samsun along theBlack Sea Shoreline, Turkey, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the MediterraneanCoastal Environment , MEDCOAST 95, 1513-1521, October 24-27, 1995, Tarragona, SpainCook, R.H, Pierce, R.C., 1983. Polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons in the aquatic enviroment: formation,sources, fate ve effects on aquatic biota, National Research Councıl Of Canada.F. Telli, Seasonal changes in the levels of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH s ) and organochlorine pesticidesin Mytilus galloprovincialis along the Turkish coastal Black Sea. Middle East Technical University,The Institute of Marine Science, Ankara, 1991, pp. 114.Global environment facilities http://www.gefweb.org/.J.W. Farrington, B.W. Tripp, Gochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 1977, 41, 1627-1641.227
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