The central stars
The central stars
The central stars
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ALMA and the CSEsDetectability of molecular species:[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 2 fX Ṁ R e 15 e −E l/kT xS ≈ 6 g u A ul10 −8 10 −6 10 16 cm v e Q(T x )[ ] 2 1 kpcJyDExample:H 2 CO(3 12 -2 11 ) at 226 GHz4 km/s, 1 hour => S(5σ) = 4 mJyf X ≈ 1x10 -8 , 10 -5 M sun /yr, out to 1 kpc(IRC+10216 lies at ≈120 pc)