Tribal College Contributions to Local Economic Development

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30numbers of students from disadvantaged backgroundswill be especially important in the future.Similarly, healthy tribal economies mean substantialbenefits for the economies of the states in which theyare located. Thus, state policymakers must look tothe Tribal Colleges as partners in economic development,with broad benefits to the state as a whole.Welfare reform is just one example of cooperationin this area.In building upon all of these partnerships, reservationcommunities will require the resources to develop infrastructurecapacities at the most basic levels, includingfinancial institutions, transportation networks, andcommunications technology.Ultimately, leaders and policymakers must be aware ofTribal Colleges as a community development resource.Past government economic development initiatives onreservations frequently failed because they did not recognizethe underlying structures of the local economy,including the dire need for infrastructure and the importanceof microenterprise. Tribal Colleges, as communityinstitutions, can help the sponsors of futuredevelopment efforts understand such characteristics inorder to provide a better chance of success.Gaps in our knowledge of the role of Tribal Colleges in economicdevelopment still exist, and more research into this areais warranted. It is evident that the Tribal Colleges are at differentstages in the process of assisting and sustaining local communitydevelopment. Some are more advanced, have more resources,or have a broader range of efforts in these areas thanothers. Yet the colleges learn from each other, and frequentlyform strategic partnerships that cross reservations and tribalcultures. Clearly they will all play important roles in the futuredevelopment of American Indian reservation communities, especiallyin establishing the foundation for future growth throughskills development, technical assistance, and other efforts.Tribal Colleges’ Contributions to Local Economic Development
31V. REFERENCESAACC. See: American Association of Community Colleges.AIHEC. See: American Indian Higher Education Consortium.Ambler, Marjane. 1992. “The Wealth of (Indian) Nations:Tribes are Creating a New Model of Economic Developmentby Building on Old Strengths.” Tribal College Journal.Fall, pp. 9-12.American Association of Community Colleges (AACC).1992. Forgotten Minorities: Rural Americans and the Collegesthat Serve Them. Report on AACC National AgendaPriorities from the Commissioner on Small/Rural CommunityColleges. Washington, DC: AACC.American Indian Higher Education Consortium (AIHEC).1997. “Indian Gaming and Tribal College Funding: TheFacts.” Factsheet. Prepared in June.________. 1998. “Programs Offered (August 1998).” Unpublished.________. 1999a. “1994 Land-Grant Institutions’ Fiscal Year(FY) 2000 Agriculture Appropriations Request.”Factsheet.________. 1999b. Data gathered through the Tribal CollegeResearch and Database Initiative.American Indian Higher Education Consortium (AIHEC)and The Institute for Higher Education Policy. 1999. TribalColleges: An Introduction. Prepared for the Tribal CollegeResearch and Database Initiative. Washington, DC: AIHECand The Institute for Higher Education Policy.Babington, Charles. 1999. “Clinton Tells Poorest Tribe: ‘We CanDo Better.’” Washington Post (Online Edition). July 8.Barden, Jack. 1998. “North Dakota Tribal Colleges Active inCommunity Development.” Rural Development News.Fall. From North Central Regional Center for Rural Developmentwebsite (www.ag.iastate.edu/centers/rdev/newsletter/fall98/tribal.html).Barkema, Alan and Mark Drabenstott. 1996. “Consolidationand Change in Heartland Agriculture.” In FederalReserve Bank of Kansas City. Economic Forces Shapingthe Rural Heartland. From website (www.kc.frb.org/publicat/heartland/hrtmain.htm).Beheler, John. 1999. “United Tribes to Host Regional EconomicDevelopment Summit.” Northern Plains TribalNews. Bismarck, ND. Vol. 1, No. 3 (July).BIA. See: U.S. Department of the Interior. Bureau of IndianAffairs.Bigart, Robert. 1997. “Tribal College Land-Grant Future:Promise and Peril.” Tribal College Journal. Spring, pp. 36-37.Billy, Carrie. 1999. “Economic Development and AmericanIndian Communities: U.S. Department of EducationPartnerships with Tribal Colleges, Tribal Governments,and Indian Organizations.” Washington, DC, WhiteHouse Initiative on Tribal Colleges and Universities, June24. Unpublished paper.Boyer, Ernest L. 1989. Foreword to Tribal Colleges: Shapingthe Future of Native America, by Paul Boyer. Princeton, NJ:Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.Boyer, Paul. 1989. Tribal Colleges: Shaping the Future of NativeAmerica. Princeton, NJ: Carnegie Foundation for theAdvancement of Teaching.________. 1995. Survey of Students at Tribal Colleges. Forthe Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.________. 1997. Native American Colleges: Progress and Prospects.An Ernest L. Boyer Project of the Carnegie Foundationfor the Advancement of Teaching. Princeton, NJ:Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.Casey, Carolyn. 1998. “Profile of a Tribal Entrepreneur: DoreenLane.” Tribal College Journal. Winter 1997-98, p. 29.Tribal Colleges’ Contributions to Local Economic Development
Page 1 and 2: Tribal College Contributionsto Loca
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis report is the s
Page 5 and 6: I. INTRODUCTION“With determinatio
Page 7: 3Economic Development: A New Defini
Page 10 and 11: 6portation, more doctors, more reti
Page 12 and 13: 8Despite the increased need for Ind
Page 14 and 15: 10Figure Four: Average Educational
Page 17 and 18: III. TRIBAL COLLEGES AND LOCALECONO
Page 19 and 20: 15Reservation CasinosThe publicity
Page 21 and 22: Increased skills/productivityof loc
Page 23 and 24: 19percent of the labor force on the
Page 25 and 26: 21Tribal Business Information Cente
Page 27 and 28: 23A Brief History of the Land-Grant
Page 29 and 30: 25Profile of Development Activities
Page 31: 27developing and implementing a Fam
Page 36 and 37: 32Cavan, John. 1995. “The Compreh
Page 38 and 39: 34Slater, Lois R. 1997. “Patterns
Page 41: AddendumFigure Seven on page 16 of

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