News BriefsU.S. BUDGET CUTS TARGET NATIONAL LABORATORIESThe Housie Appropriations Committee's Water Resources and Energy Subcommitteeapproved in mid-]une a Department of Energy budget that wouldcut $28 million from high-<strong>energy</strong> scientific research funding. Researchersmeeting June 18 at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinoissaid that mre than 600 highly skilled basic-science researchers might have tobe dismisseid, and might be very difficult to rehire. According to Fermilabdirector Dr. Leon Lederman, the cuts would also mean mammoth waste ofcapital investment and manpower. The physicists said that the cuts willnecessitate klosing major particle accelerators for several months a year forlack of operating funds. "We are equally concerned about all the other areasof basic science that will be affected by these cuts," Lederman added.ANTINUCLEAR CONGRESSMEN MOBILIZE AGAINST URANIUM EXPORTSAfter President Carter reaffirmed his decision June 19 to license the shipmentof 38 tons 1 of enriched uranium for India's Tarapur nuclear power facility,members of the U.S. Congress sought to block the export by securing a twothirdsvote against the authorization within 60 days. Led by Rep. Ed Markey(D-Mass.), 35 congressmen have filed a resolution opposing the fuel shipment,and a joint resolution of the Senate Foreign Relations and Government AffairsCommittees strongly condemned the White House move as jeopardizing theadministration's nonproliferation program. The president's decision wasshaped by State Department insistence that breaching the fuel shipmentaccord would damage relations with India, to whom, as Undersecretary ofState Warrjen Christopher recently told Congress, the Soviet Union would be"delighted" to make up the enriched uranium deficit.12 FUSION September 1980WESTERN WATER SUPPLY STILL JEOPARDIZEDThe U.Sj Supreme Court voted June 16 to exempt California's Imperial Valleyfrom the 1902 Reclamation Act, which denies federally funded water suppliesto irrigate farms over 160 acres. Unanimously overturning an appellate courtdecision, tjhe justices ruled that the valley's farms are entitled to draw ColoradoRiver wat^r through the canal financed by the Boulder Canyon Project Act of1980, which specifically exempted large farms from the 160-acre limit.Less noticed, however, was the Arizona state legislature's passage a weekearlier of strict conservation mandates on groundwater use by all majoragricultural, industrial, and municipal consumers. The law was drafted byprivate and public users under a threat by the Department of the Interior todelay theCentral Arizona water project. One effect of the state law will be torestrict owner-operated farms' use of natural reservoirs.LOUSEWORT LAURELS TO AIF'S CARL GOLDSTEINUnhapp|ily,thismonth'saward isthe first to a member of the nuclear industry.The Lousswort Laurels for September go to Carl Goldstein, public relationsofficer of the Atomic Industrial Forum, for his views on high technology. Ourthanks to a visiting West German industrial representative who submitted theitem to us, quite outraged at the outlook of the ostensibly pronuclear Mr.Goldstein.As relayed to us, Mr. Goldstein commented on the "attractive views" of theFusion Energy Foundation and then offered the following remarks about thealleged effect of a full nuclear gearup: "Nuclear <strong>energy</strong>, any high technology,and intensive <strong>energy</strong> development will bring this country to a state ofprosperity and complacency, which only a lot of <strong>energy</strong> and high technologycan bring you to. And then, once this country is so prosperous, and socomplacent, and so fat, then it can be subverted; the government can betoppled because it will be half asleep."Does this mean that if the United States is poor, unhappy, and austere, thenit will have true national security?
ViewpointThe Logic ofNuclear WasteDisposalby Joseph R. DietrichThe so-called problem of nuclearwaste disposal is a favorite theme ofmembers of the antiprogress cultthat seeks to deprive the world ofthe blessing of peaceful nuclear <strong>energy</strong>.Their arguments defy logicalreason:• They consider the design of a permanentlysafe means of waste disposalbeyond the power of humaningenuity; yet, they consider the farmore difficult problem of generatingeconomical solar electricity tobe readily solvable.• They stress the immorality of leavingto future generations a store ofradioactivity that they perceivemight enter the biosphere millenniafrom now; yet, they think nothingof burning up our coal, oil, andnatural gas in a few centuries—resourcesthat in the long term are farmore important as raw materialsthan as fuels.• They stress the dangers of nuclearwaste disposal and nuclear powerplants; yet, they discount the dangersof a world <strong>energy</strong> shortage thatcould lead to nuclear war as nationsseek to gain the <strong>energy</strong> they needto survive—a war that could depopulatethe earth.This environmentalist cult has misledthe public to the point thatpoliticians are afraid to allow disposalsites within their respectivestates. What an absurd situation!Deep geologic burial, which is onlyone of the barriers to be engineeredinto the waste disposal facility, initself can isolate the waste from thebiosphere for thousands of years.When sijich a delayed risk of alow-level ajddition to the natural radiationbackground is compared tothe far greater risks that the humanrace faces over the next few thousandyears—from hunger, depletionof natural resources, and the warsthat these broblems can engender—it hardly sdems a subject for politicalcontroversy at this time.Overriding the UncertaintiesThus the disposal of nuclear wastehas become a political problemrather than a technical one. Thegovernment has taken responsibilityfor disposal, and it postpones actionbecause there are "uncertainties."Engineers know that there are uncertainties;in many engineeringprojects that can affect humanhealth and safety. The way to makesuch a project safe is to employdesign cdnservatisms that overridethe uncertainties. This can be donein the case of nuclear waste disposaland at a tost that will add little tothe consumer's bill for nuclear electricity.Design jengineers are problem solvers.Those who agonize over nuclearwaste disposal are problemseekers rather than problem solvers.Design engineers can provide safe,permanent, nuclear waste disposalthrough lihe applications of conservativedesign methods. That is not tosay that riesearch and developmenton nuclear waste disposal should bestopped; continuing R&D will reducethe 1 needs for conservatismsand thus reduce costs.separation of high-level waste fromreprocessable spent fuel). Meanwhile,there is much high-level separatedwaste awaiting permanentdisposal—waste from the militaryprograms. We should proceed rapidlywith permanent disposal of thatwaste, and by the time the task iscompleted we will probably havemore perceptive government policies.It is essential that we movequickly, for the perceived "problem"of disposal turns more andmore people, and local and s-tategovernments, away from nuclear<strong>energy</strong>—an <strong>energy</strong> source that cansupply our electrical needs for tensof thousands of years and that hasthe potential for supplying <strong>energy</strong>needs other than electrical.An Act of CompassionNuclear power is supported byknowledgeable leaders of disadvantagedminorities in the United Statesand by many developing countries.Their experience with poverty hasconvinced them that abundant <strong>energy</strong>is necessary for them to achievea comfortable position in the world.They have learned, through bitterexperience, the lesson of history:that <strong>energy</strong> generation by mechanicalmeans is the alternative to slavery.For these reasons I believe thatanyone who has compassion for thepoor and for the disadvantaged, iflogical, will support nuclear power.Anything that will remove the misconceptionsthat nuclear power is adangerous, immoral route to followis an act of compassion. Therefore,Fusion magazine is to be congratulatedfor providing an article on nuclearwaste disposal [August 1980] thatshould remove some of those misconceptions.Since the beginning of the nuclearera, research on high-level wastedisposal has been concentrated onthe disposal of wastes separatedfrom spent nuclear reactor fuel. Thecurrent jgovernment ban on reprocessingof commercial nuclear tired as chief scientist of the nuclearJoseph Dietrich, who recently refuel, if permanent, would require division of Combustion Engineering,further development and further is one of the founders of the U.S.delay (because there would be no nuclear industry.14 FUSION September 1980
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as the primary driver to implode th
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A CDC spokesman said that thenew sy
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Space Science& TechnologyThe Solar
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hoto by C. Srinivasen/United Nation
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1975. This index has been at or bel
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course, the primary cooling systemi
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_The Young Scientist.What IsEnergy?
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Lyndon LaRoucke, Democrat for Presi