Name of the Module PIE CHARTS & LINE GRAPHS - Sreenivasa ...

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REASONING COURSEPie Charts & Line GraphsMODULE OBJECTIVE:Pie charts:A pie chart (or a circle graph) is a circular chart divided into sectors, illustratingproportion. In a pie chart, the arc length of each sector (and consequently its centralangle and area), is proportional to the quantity it represents. When angles are measured with1 turn as unit then a number of percent is identified with the same number of centiturns.Together, the sectors create a full disk. It is named for its resemblance to a pie which hasbeen sliced. The earliest known pie chart is generally credited to William Playfair's StatisticalBreviary of 1801. Pie charts are common in business and journalism.Line graphs:A line graph is a way of visually representing related data where individual items of dataare plotted and joined by a line. They are useful for presenting data over time to comparechanges to a variable over set period. Joining up the points gives an instant picture of pasttrends (increases or decreases) and can be used to extrapolate those trends to makepredictions for future. The variable represented is continuous. A graph is set within 2 axes: x and y.The axes will not always start measuring from zero. If they don’t this is called thesuppression of zero. This will affect the appearance of the line(s) on the graph making themsteeper than they would be if the scale started at zero and occupied the same space as thescale would be smaller.PREREQUISITES (RELATED FORMULAS):In pie charts, from geometry, we know that the area the sector of a circle must beproportional to the corresponding value of the component.Since the sum of all the central angle is 360°, we haveCentral angle of the component = {(value of the component/Total value) x 360} °.SITAMS Page 2
REASONING COURSEPie Charts & Line GraphsSOLVED EXAMPLES:PIE CHARTS:Example 1-5:The following pie-charts show the distribution of students of graduate and post-graduatelevels in seven different institutes in a town. [Bank P.O. 2003]1. What is the total number of graduate and post-graduate level students is institute R?A. 8320 B. 7916C. 9116 D. 8099Answer: (D)Required number = (17% of 27300) + (14% of 24700)= 4641 + 3458= 8099.2. What is the ratio between the number of students studying at post-graduate and graduatelevels respectively from institute S?A. 14:19 B. 19:21C. 17:21 D. 19:14Answer: (D)Required ratio = (21% of 24700) = (21 x 24700) = 19(14% of 27300) 14 x 27300 143. How many students of institutes of M and S are studying at graduate level?A. 7516 B. 8463C. 9127 D. 9404Answer: (B)Students of institute M at graduate level= 17% of 27300 = 4641.Students of institute S at graduate level = 14% of 27300 = 3822.Total number of students at graduate in institutes M and S = (4641 + 3822)= 8463.SITAMS Page 3
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