Effect of Wrapping Materials on the Proximate Composition and ...

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD AND NUTRITION SCIENCE VOL2 NO1 AUGUST 2013ISSN 2165-5308 (PRINT) ISSN 2165-5316 (ONLINE) http://www.researchpub.org/journal/ijfns/ijfns.htmlTABLE VMEAN SCORES OF ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF USU SAMPLES FOR 80:20 RATIOWRAPPED IN DIFFERENT WRAPPING MATERIALSSamples Colour Aroma Taste Texture Overall AcceptabilityCBL 7.00 ± 0.82 a 6.50 ± 1.27 a 7.10 ± 0.99 a 6.70 ± 1.16 a 6.80 ± 1.55 aMFL 7.10 ± 0.88 a 6.30 ± 1.25 a 6.70 ± 1.89 a 6.40 ± 1.71 a 7.3 ± 0.67 aABL 6.60 ± 0.96 a 6.40 ± 1.26 a 6.50 ±1.51 a 6.60 ± 0.84 a 6.6 ± 1.07 aAS 6.30 ± 0.95 b 6.40 ± 0.97 a 6.50 ± 0.97 a 6.30 ± 0.82 a 6.0 ± 1.25 bFIL 6.40 ± 0.97 b 5.80 ± 1.55 a 6.50 ± 1.43 a 6.40 ± 0.84 a 6.5 ± 1.27 bLSD 0.68 0.64 0.94 0.87 0.89Means in the same column with the same superscript are not significantly different (P < 0.05).Means in the same column with different superscript are significantly different (P > 0.05)NOTE:CBL = Christmas bush leaves (Alchornea cordifolia)MFL =Miraculous fruit leaves (Thaumatococcus daniellii),ABL = African border Leaves (Newbouldia laevis seem)AS = Asusu Leaves (Manniophyton fulvum)FIL = Aluminum FoilThe slight variation in colour by the panelists for80:20 ratio observed in Table V is in consonancewith panelists acceptance for colour in 70:30 ratioobserved in Table IV. The aroma <strong>of</strong> all the Ususamples were significantly similar. The aroma <strong>of</strong>sample wrapped with CBL was given the highestscore 6.50 (score approximately 7, i.e. “moderatelyliked”) and the sample wrapped with FIL scored 5.80(score approximately 6). The close rating <strong>of</strong> Ususamples on aroma could be due to the one mixtureused in production and it is conversely different from70:30 ratio samples for aroma. The sample wrappedin CBL was rated highest in terms <strong>of</strong> aroma (scoreapproximately 7) which was “moderately liked”. Thetaste <strong>of</strong> all the samples were “moderately liked”(score approximately 7.0) and insignificantlydifferent despite the mean variation. The samplewrapped with CBL was rated highest with meanscore <strong>of</strong> 7.10 (score approximately 7). The texture <strong>of</strong>all the samples were significantly similar and wereeither “moderately liked” (score approximately 7) or“slightly liked” (score approximately 6) with Ususample wrapped with CBL been rated highest interms <strong>of</strong> texture. The overall acceptability <strong>of</strong> all thesamples showed that samples wrapped in MFL wererated highest (scoreb 6.80, i.e approximately 7.0) andwas significantly similar to CBL and ABL butsignificantly different from AS and FIL which were“slightly liked” (score approximately 6.0).Thus generally, Usu wrapped with CBL (Christmasbush leaves) is best accepted in all sensoryparameters tested except in colour and overallacceptability.IV. CONCLUSIONThe organoleptic characteristics <strong>of</strong> the Usu samplesshowed that samples wrapped in miraculous fruitleaves (MFL) were best in almost all parameterstested including overall acceptability according to thepanelists. The proximate analysis indicates thatgenerally, the different wrapping materials andvariation in ratios did not affect the proximatecomposition <strong>of</strong> Usu, as the slight variations were dueto differences in melon and big mushroom ratios usedin formulation. Ratio 80:20 formulation had highernutrient value.V. RECOMMENDATIONThe following are recommended: Miraculous fruitleaves (MFL) are the best wrapping material for Usuproduction. The leaves are also affordable and easy toget.The 80:20 ratio is the best for Usu formulationbecause <strong>of</strong> the high nutritive and organolepticproperties.45