Final Report on Torque with Cross Force Comparison No. MT01 ...

11/09/2007 <strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> on Torque with Cross Force Comparison No. MT01Tulasombut, V. 1 , Sanpolpute, T. 1 , Saenkhum, N. 1 , Wattong, C. 1 , Arksonnarong, N. 1 ,Praphat, T. 2 , Thongmun, S. 3 , Jirawongthanakorn, P. 4 , Yossunthorn, M. 5 , Pitthong, Y. 6 ,Tharadol, A. 7 , Chatchapol, J. 8 , Sarika, S. 9 , Limwattana, M. 10 , Grergrit, L. 11 , Onlaor, K. 12 ,Tipsena, V. 13 , Wattana. 14 , Pakdeewood, K. 15 , Sumrerng. 16 , Srimongkol, W. 17 , Adisak. 18AbstractThis report proposes the results of torque with cross force comparison MT01among sixteen participating laboratories excluding NIMT and withdraw laboratory. It isthe first time in national interlaboratory torque comparison. The comparison was carriedout during 30 January 2007 to 6 July 2007. The program was piloted and referenced bythe National Institute of Metrology (Thailand), NIMT. The comparison has been made asa star form; the artifact is back to the pilot after every measurement done by theparticipating laboratory in order to monitoring stability of the artifact. The degrees ofequivalence of each laboratory’s torque wrench calibration devices were expressed by Ennumbers. The results of this comparison show that the deviation from reference valueswithin ± 1 % and En≤ 1. In this study the influence of creep effect from torque loadercan be classified in two groups. First, loading torque by weight applied does not influencecreep effect. Second, loading torque by gear composition gives relative creep in order of0.1 %/min to 0.3 %/min related to nominal torque. The degree of satisfactory of eachlaboratory torque wrench calibration devices standard was expresses quantitatively bytwo terms, the deviation from reference value and the uncertainty of this deviation at a95 % level of confidence. The Ennumbers were calculated to express the equivalencebetween the measurements of participant as well.This comparison can be used to confirm measurement capability of torque withcross force calibration such as hand torque tools and/or torque wrench calibration devicesof participating laboratories. Besides, the study result of loader behavior and cross forceeffect of each torque standard help laboratories to understand torque measurement and touse the data as a reference to produce a calibration guideline or calibration procedure foreach laboratory.

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01Contents:Page1. Introduction 32. Participating laboratories and their standards 42.1 List of participating laboratories2.2 Standards of participating laboratories3. Circulation of the artifacts 63.1 Chronology of Measurements3.2 Transportation4. Measurement 94.1 Measurement process4.2 Metrological investigation5. Characteristics of the artifact 105.1 Creep effect5.2 Stability of the artifact6. Measurement data 117. Analyzing method of comparison results 148. Comparison results 149. Discussion and conclusion 33Annex A: Metrological investigation 34References 452

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT011. IntroductionThe National Institute of Metrology (Thailand) or NIMT was requested to be anorganizer and a reference participant of interlaboratory comparison in torque with crossforce measurement among laboratories in Thailand. An invitation was distributed tolaboratories on December 2006 by the pilot laboratory, NIMT. Sixteen laboratoriesresponded to participate in this comparison. A draft protocol of the comparison wasprepared by pilot laboratory and distributed to participating laboratories on January 2007.The comments and opinions are corrected. All participants accepted and approved theprotocol.The participating laboratories used torque wrench calibration devices as theirstandard. The artifact of this comparison was provided by the instrument calibrationlaboratory Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, RMUTT by using a highquality torque transfer wrench subjected to similar loading profiles in laboratory’sstandard and following a strict measurement protocol. Regarding to time table, an artifactwas sent to participants by staff of RMUTT on time.The reference values were measured at the beginning, the middle and the end ofprogram. The measurement results of the participants were submitted to the pilotlaboratory to analyze the deviation and degrees of equivalence in this report.3

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT012. Participating laboratories and their standards2.1 List of participating laboratoriesThe participating laboratories are listed in table 1 arranged by the order ofmeasurement.Table 1. List of participating laboratories of the torque with cross force comparisonLaboratories1. National Instituteof Metrology(Thailand), NIMT2. ElectricityGeneratingAuthority of Thailand(EGAT)3. ReferenceStandards LaboratoryThai AirwaysInternational PublicCompany Limited4. Quality CalibrationCompany Limited5. CalibrationLaboratory CompanyLimited6. NavanakornCalibration Center,Calibration DivisionNEC Corporation(Thailand) Limited7. Daikin Industries(Thailand) Ltd.Mr.Nattapon SaenkhumEmail: nattapon@nimt.or.thPhone: 02 577 5100 ext. 2238FAX: 02 577 5095Contact DetailsMr.Prapart T.Email: praphat.t@egat.co.thPhone: 0-2436-6994FAX: 0-2436-6928Mr. Sumnouw ThongmunEmail: sumnouw.t@thaiairways.comPhone: 0-2563-8851FAX: 0-2563-9183Mr. Pongsak JirawongthanakornEmail: pongsakj@ji-net.comPhone: 0-2444-0152-3FAX: 0-2809-4584Mr. Mongkol YossunthornE-mail: qa@cal-laboratory.comPhone: 0-2578-0353-4,0-2907-0447-8FAX: 0-2578-2672Mr. Yanyong PithongMr. Anupan T.E-mail : yanyong_p@nec-cal.comanupan_t@nec-cal.comPhone: 0-2529-2460 ext. 392FAX: 0-2529-2466Mr.Adisak TharadolE-mail: adisak@dit.daikin.co.jpPhone: 0-3821-3032 ext. 455FAX: 0-3821-3345National Institute of Metrology(Thailand)3/4-5 Moo 3, Klong 5, KlongLuang, Pathumthani 12120,Thailand1 st Building , 1 st Floor, T3553 Moo 2, CharansanitwongRd., Bangkruai, Nonthaburi11130171 Vibhavadi Rangsit,Donmuang, Bangkok 1021056/233 Moo 10, Phet Kasem63/2 Road, Bang Khae,Bangkok 1016099/10-11 Moo 12, Ladphrao,Ladphrao, Bangkok 102309/33-37 Moo 19 NavanakornIndustrial Estate, PhaholyothinRoad, Klongnueng,Klongluang, Pathumthani12120700/11 Amata NakornIndustrial EstateBangna-Trad Rd., Km.57Tambol Klongtamru, AmphurMuang, Chonburi 20000,Thailand4

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01Table 1. List of participating laboratories of the torque with cross force comparison(Continue)Laboratories8. DimensionCalibration Center9. Burapha MetrologySystem Co., Ltd.10. CalibrationLaboratoryMarske Machine(Thailand) Co., Ltd.11. MasterCalibration Co., Ltd.12. Thai AviationIndustries Co., Ltd.13. CalibrationLaboratoryIndustrial Solutions &Services, SiemensLimited14. InstrumentCalibrationLaboratoryRajamangalaUniversity ofTechnologyThanyaburi (RMUTT)15. TechnologyPromotionAssociation(Thailand-Japan)TPA at Pattanakarn16. Thailand Instituteof Scientific andTechnologicalResearch (TISTR)Contact DetailsMr.Chatchapol J.E-mail: chatpol@dcccallab.comdcc_callab@hotmail.comPhone: 0-3878-9724-5FAX: 0-3878-9725Mr.Sirisak SarikaE-mail: sak_sarika@hotmail.comPhone: 0-3839-4927FAX: 0-3839-4976Mr. Marut LimwattanaE-mail : marske@ji-net.comPhone: 0-3868-2992-3,081-6248173FAX: 0-3868-2988Mr. Grergrit L.E-mail : mcal17025@hotmail.comPhone: 0-2274-8113-4FAX: 0-2693-1535Mr. Komkrit OnlaorE-mail : komkrit_tai@yahoo.co.thPhone: 0-2523-7350, 0-2155-3277FAX: 0-2155-3277Mr. Vichit TipsenaE-mail : vichitt@siemens.comPhone: 0-2366-0951-8 ext. 201-5FAX: 0-2747-1223Mr. WattanaE-mail : ttc_rmutt@hotmail.comPhone: 0-2549-3091FAX: 0-2549-3089Mr. Komsan PakdeewoodE-mail : komsan_pak@hotmail.comPhone: 0-2717-3000 ext. 104FAX: 0-2719-9484Mr. SumrerngE-mail : sumrerng@tistr.or.thPhone: 0-2579-5515 ext. 5115FAX: 0-2579-859233/5-6 Moo 4, SukprayoonRoad, Donhualow, Muang,Chonburi, 20000102/2 Moo 1, Mhuang, MuangChonburi, Chonburi, 201302 nd Floor, The Seaboard GroupBuilding, 2/58 Highway 3191,Maptaphut, Muang, Rayong2115044/6 Gift Thai Building,Sutthisan Winitchai Road,Samsen Naawk, Huaykwang,Bangkok 10320171 Bldg.4465 Srigun,Don-Muang, Bangkok 10210,Thailand79/38 Soi Phuk Mit, SrinakarinRoad, Nongbon, Pravet,Bangkok 10260Rajamangala University ofTechnology Thanyaburi 39Moo 1, Rangsit-NakhonnayokRd. Klong Hok, ThanyaburiPathumthani 12110534/4 soi Pattanakarn 18Saunlaung Bangkok 10250196 Phahonyothin Road,Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900Thailand5

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01Table 1. List of participating laboratories of the torque with cross force comparison(Continue)Laboratories17. TestingLaboratoryElectrical andElectronics Institute18. ProfessionalCalibration &Services CompanyLimited(Withdraw)Contact DetailsMr. Witee SrimongkolE-mail : witee@thaieei.comPhone: 0-2709-4866-8 ext. 119081-9239662FAX: 0-2324-0917Mr. AdisakEmail:pcal_calibration@yahoo.co.thPhone: 0-2569-5158-9FAX: 0-2990-9235Bangpoo Industrial Estate, Soi8, Sukhumvit Road, KM.37,975 Moo 4, Praeksa, Muang,Samutprakarn50/333 Sathaporn Village, Soi29, Moo 2, Rangsit - NakhonNayok Road, Buengyeetho,Thanyaburi, Pathumthani121302.2 Standards of participating laboratoriesAll participating laboratories use torque wrench calibration devices as thestandards except NIMT use primary torque machine, lever support and the weightcoupling are based on the principle of strain-controlled elastic hinges. Almost thestandards of participating laboratories are defined by the measurement of the elasticdeformation of elastic body. For loading system, laboratories no.6 and no.18 usedhanging weight to handle of the artifact. All participating laboratories are well preparedfor this comparison such as preparing adaptors, calibration of standard and studying theprotocol before carry out measurement.3. Circulation of the artifacts3.1 Chronology of measurementsThe artifact was circulated to all participants during January 2007 to July 2007.The pilot laboratory carried out the measurement at the beginning, middle and the end ofthe comparison as well as monitored the stability after returning from each participant.For each circulation, the RMUTT was in charge of transportation. Theparticipants had to check the arrival of artifact according to the attached checklist beforeand after making a measurement. The actual timetable and result of comparison weresubmitted to the pilot laboratory by the participants. The artifact was sent back to NIMTfor stability checking before the next participants receiving.6

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01Table 2. Chronology of measurementsNo. Institute/Country Date of measurement1 NIMT 30/01/2007-02/02/20072 Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) 03-05/02/20073 NIMT 06-09/02/20074Reference Standards LaboratoryThai Airways International Public Company Limited10-12/02/20075 NIMT 27/02/2007-02/03/20076Navanakorn Calibration Center, Calibration DivisionNEC Corporation (Thailand) Limited03/03/2007-05/03/20077 NIMT 13-16/03/20078 Dimension Calibration Center 17-19/03/20079 NIMT 20-23/03/200710 Burapha Metrology System Co., Ltd. 24-26/03/200711 NIMT 27-30/03/200712Calibration LaboratoryMarske Machine (Thailand) Co., Ltd.31/03/2007-02/04/200713 NIMT 03-06/04/200714 Master Calibration Co., Ltd. 07-09/04/200715 NIMT 10-20/04/200716 Thai Aviation Industries Co., Ltd. 21-23/04/ 200717 NIMT 24-27/04/200718Calibration LaboratoryIndustrial Solutions & Services, Siemens Limited28-30/04/200719 NIMT 01-04/05/200720 Instrument Calibration Laboratory, RMUTT 05-07/05/200721 NIMT 08-11/05/200722 Professional Calibration & Services Company Limited 12-14/05/200723 NIMT 15-18/05/200724Technology Promotion Association (Thailand-Japan)TPA at Pattanakarn19-21/05/200725 NIMT 22-25/05/200726Thailand Institute of Scientific and TechnologicalResearch (TISTR)26-28/05/200727 NIMT 29/05/2007-01/06/200728Testing LaboratoryElectrical and Electronics Institute02-04/06/200729 NIMT 05-08/06/200730 Quality Calibration Company Limited 09-11/06/200731 NIMT 12-15/06/200732 Daikin Industries (Thailand) Ltd. 16-18/06/200733 NIMT 19-22/06/200734 Calibration Laboratory Company Limited 27-29/06/200735 NIMT 03-06/06/20077

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT013.2 TransportationSets of the artifact, torque transfer wrench and amplifier were separately packedin the special cases for transportation. The adaptor, cables connector and checklist ofartifact were attached with the artifact in the aluminum box as well.Figure 1. Special case for transportationFigure 2. Torque transfer wrench, andchecklistFigure 3. Amplifier, RS232 cable and Figure 4. DB-15 cable and square drivepower supply cable size ¾”8

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT014. Measurements4.1 Measurement processParticipants verified the torque calibration devices and reported the relativeuncertainty, environment condition of measurement and the creep effect result of eachdevice.The comparison of each point is carried out by one transfer wrench consisting of10 points: 40 N·m, 60 N·m, 80 N·m, 100 N·m, 150 N·m, 200 N·m, 250 N·m, 300 N·m,350 N·m and 400 N·m and carried out both clockwise and anti-clockwise direction. Themeasurement process is shown in the diagram of figure 5.PreloadResetResetResetMiddle lever arm lengthFigure 5. Measurement sequence.MinimumLever arm length4.2 Metrological investigationGenerally, the creep quantities depend on each mechanical loading design andapplied torque capacity. In practical, the dwell time of torque application should belonger so that the creep effect can be released; however it is still ambiguous. Theobjective of this investigation is:- Explore obviously creep behavior.- Look for the possibility to ignore this quantity in uncertainty budget.- If it cannot be ignored, properly estimate.The creep effect is measured at full load of each standard as a function of time byrecorded every 1 second and 5 minutes in a row. The result is recorded automatically inelectronic file (text file) by using SENDLOG program.9

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT015. Characteristics of the artifact5.1 Creep effectThe pilot laboratory has checked the creep effect of the transfer wrench at 400N·m. The measured values indicate that, there are more deviations in the first few secondswithin 0.015 %; then the deviation are decreased to nearly zero in 5 minute as shown infigure 6. This value is so small that can be negligible.deviation in %0.0200.0150.0100.0050.000-0.005-0.010-0.015-0.020Creep up deviation related to nominal torque0 60 120 180 240 300 360Figure 6. Creep deviation related to nominal torque.time (s)5.2 Stability of the artifactBased on the schedule of comparison, the whole process takes more than 6months and the artifact was placed at least 2 laboratories a week. Thus, it should endurethe influence quantity of various environmental conditions during handling intransportation and measurement. So the long term stability of the artifact was monitoredwhile the comparison was being carried, NIMT observed the stability at ± 40 N·m and± 400 N·m every week as shown in figure 7 and figure 8 respectively.Rel. deviation frommean %0.1000.0750.0500.0250.000-0.025-0.050-0.075-0.100Stability of the artifact-40 N·m40 N·m0 5 10 15 20 25No. of measurementsFigure 7. Stability of the transfer wrench DmTS 500 N·m at ±40 N·m.10

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01Rel. deviation frommean %0.1000.0750.0500.0250.000-0.025-0.050-0.075-0.100Stability of the artifact-400 N·m400 N·m0 5 10 15 20 25No. of measurementsFigure 8. Stability of the transfer wrench DmTS 500 N·m at ± 400 N·m.Compare the stability 0.04 % (± 40 N·m) and 0.025 % (± 400 N·m), NIMT’suncertainty budget, 0.10 % (at ± 40 N·m) and (0.03 % at ± 400 N·m), NIMT cannotdistinguish the long term stability from uncertainty budget. However it can be ignoredonly if BMC of participates is not better than 0.25 %.6. Measurement dataAll participants were submitted the measurement results and expanded uncertaintyas well as uncertainty budgets (available only pilot laboratory). The measurement resultsare calculated base on the technical protocol of interlaboratory comparison in torque withcross force measurement [1] as shown in table 3 and table 4. The sequence ofmeasurement results has been changed by randomizing number of laboratory to ensurethe protection of its participant’s confidential information and proprietary right. Duringthe implementation the Professional Calibration & Services Company Limited declaredthat they had no confidence to make a measurement at that time.11

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01Table 3. Measurement resultsNominalMeasurement value in mV/VinN·m Pilot 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th 6 th 7 th 8 th 9 th 10 th 11 th 12 th 13 th 14 th 15 th 16 th 17 th 18 th-400 -1.8058 -1.7955 -1.8112 -1.8054 - -1.8060 -1.8081 -1.8027 -1.8053-350 -1.5800 -1.5707 -1.5856 -1.5740 -1.5802 -1.5825 -1.5772 -1.5794-300 -1.3542 -1.3587 -1.3534 -1.3597 -1.3484 -1.3544 -1.3469 -1.3539 -1.3543 -1.3568 -1.3517 -1.3538-250 -1.1285 -1.1314 -1.1276 -1.1330 -1.1234 -1.1262 -1.1281 -1.1284 -1.1310 -1.1264 -1.1276-200 -0.9028 -0.9058 -0.9019 -0.9089 -0.8991 -0.9032 -0.9002 -0.8974 -0.9032 -0.9027 -0.9053 -0.9009 -0.9018 -0.9042-150 -0.6771 -0.6792 -0.6770 -0.6758 -0.6738 -0.6790 -0.6737 -0.6785 -0.6764 -0.6795 -0.6758 -0.6764 -0.6781-100 -0.4514 -0.4530 -0.4516 -0.4507 -0.4508 -0.4523 -0.4510 -0.4516 -0.4529 -0.4497 -0.4525 -0.4534 -0.4509 -0.4508 -0.4519-80 -0.3611 -0.3623 -0.3596 -0.3588 -0.3606 -0.3621 -0.3609 -0.3623 -0.3624 -0.3626 -0.3631 -0.3605 -0.3615-60 -0.2709 -0.2715 -0.2696 -0.2705 -0.2704 -0.2717 -0.2706 -0.2720 -0.2729 -0.2720 -0.2726 -0.2704-40 -0.1806 -0.1811 -0.1799 -0.1805 -0.1803 -0.1816 -0.1807 -0.1815 -0.1804 -0.1824 -0.180240 0.1806 0.1815 0.1803 0.1798 0.1806 0.1825 0.1806 0.1818 0.1798 0.1811 0.180560 0.2709 0.2718 0.2722 0.2715 0.2710 0.2737 0.2718 0.2724 0.2713 0.2703 0.2721 0.271180 0.3611 0.3626 0.3628 0.3612 0.3612 0.3641 0.3625 0.3630 0.3612 0.3604 0.3626 0.3611 0.3617100 0.4514 0.4533 0.4501 0.4517 0.4514 0.4537 0.4519 0.4515 0.4533 0.4521 0.4507 0.4530 0.4518 0.4513 0.4521150 0.6770 0.6792 0.6759 0.6772 0.6754 0.6795 0.6772 0.6774 0.6781 0.6793 0.6777 0.6787 0.6782200 0.9029 0.9042 0.9013 0.8998 0.9048 0.8994 0.9031 0.9097 0.9041 0.9055 0.9040 0.9049 0.9038 0.9044 0.9044250 1.1285 1.1307 1.1274 1.1269 1.1281 1.1238 1.1292 1.1336 1.1301 1.1309 1.1299 1.1300300 1.3543 1.3573 1.3534 1.3503 1.3562 1.3493 1.3540 1.3526 1.3574 1.3559 1.3569 1.3563 1.3555350 1.5800 1.5917 1.5828 1.5827 1.5833 1.5819 1.5828 1.5826 1.5806400 1.8057 1.8198 1.8017 1.8080 1.8050 - 1.8079 1.8088 1.8082 1.808212

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01Table 4. Uncertainty of measurementNominalExpanded relative uncertainty in % (k=2)inN·mPilot 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th 6 th 7 th 8 th 9 th 10 th 11 th 12 th 13 th 14 th 15 th 16 th 17 th 18 th-400 0.03 0.79 0.70 0.18 0.19 0.58 0.79 0.32-350 0.03 0.85 0.70 0.87 0.19 0.58 0.79 0.30-300 0.03 1.00 0.49 0.70 1.01 0.24 0.84 0.69 0.19 0.58 0.79 0.34-250 0.03 1.00 0.51 0.70 1.01 0.87 0.67 0.21 0.58 0.79 0.40-200 0.04 1.00 0.55 0.72 1.02 0.26 1.00 0.87 0.67 0.25 0.58 0.79 0.40 0.43-150 0.04 1.00 0.49 0.61 1.02 1.00 0.85 0.67 0.32 0.58 0.79 0.47 0.43-100 0.05 1.01 0.55 0.63 0.45 1.05 1.01 0.32 1.00 0.85 0.75 0.58 0.79 0.40 0.44-80 0.06 1.02 0.50 0.72 0.45 1.13 1.02 1.01 0.86 0.82 0.58 0.42 0.44-60 0.07 1.02 0.54 0.61 0.45 1.04 1.05 1.01 1.07 0.92 1.16 0.46-40 0.10 1.04 0.55 0.65 0.48 1.15 1.10 1.03 0.88 1.16 0.4840 0.10 1.03 0.53 0.69 0.64 1.11 1.04 1.02 0.96 1.16 0.3560 0.07 1.04 0.57 0.65 0.61 1.15 1.06 1.01 0.99 1.00 1.16 0.3780 0.06 1.02 0.50 0.75 0.61 1.01 1.07 1.01 0.86 0.79 0.58 0.30 0.44100 0.05 1.01 0.55 0.63 0.61 1.12 1.08 0.32 1.00 0.87 0.81 0.58 0.79 0.30 0.44150 0.04 1.01 0.53 0.62 1.01 1.00 0.84 0.70 0.32 0.58 0.79 0.45 0.43200 0.04 1.00 0.55 0.72 0.71 1.01 0.23 1.00 0.85 0.69 0.25 0.58 0.79 0.42 0.43250 0.03 1.00 0.51 1.09 0.71 1.00 0.84 0.70 0.21 0.58 0.79 0.41300 0.03 1.00 0.49 0.69 0.70 1.00 0.22 0.84 0.69 0.19 0.58 0.79 0.42350 0.03 0.87 1.32 0.70 0.88 0.19 0.58 0.79 0.42400 0.03 0.81 0.78 0.70 0.18 0.19 0.58 0.79 0.4213

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT017. Analyzing method of comparison resultsThe results of comparison were determined according to ISO/IEC GUIDE 43-1 :1997 and ISO/IEC GUIDE 43-2 : 1997 “PROFICIENCY TESTING BYINTERLABORATORY COMPARISONS” [1], [2]. The objective is to measure thedeviation from reference value and determine its acceptability with performance criteriaby using equation as following:1) Percent difference, d( x − X )irefd = ×100(1)XrefWhere:x is the measured value of participating laboratories i (i =1,2,…,n)iXrefis the reference value that provided by National Institute ofMetrology (Thailand)2) Ennumbers,xi− XrefdEn= =(2)2 22 2U ( xi) + U ( X ref ) W( xi) + W( X ref )Where:U is the expanded uncertainty of a participant’s result.The( x i)U is the expanded uncertainty of NIMT’s result.( x ref)W( x i )is the expanded relative uncertainty of a participant’s result in termof %.W is the expanded relative uncertainty of NIMT’s result in term of %.( x ref)Ennumber is determined with performance criteria that is express as- The comparison results are satisfactory if En≤ 1.- The comparison results are unsatisfactory if En> 1.- The measurement system should be investigated when 0.5≤ E ≤ 1.8. Comparison resultsFrom the measurement data, the deviation and E n numbers of each participantwere computed as shown in table 5 and table 6 respectively. Figure 9 to figure 28 showthe deviation at -40 N·m, 40 N·m, -60 N·m, 60 N·m, -80 N·m, 80 N·m, -100 N·m, 100N·m, -150 N·m, 150 N·m, -200 N·m, 200 N·m, -250 N·m, 250 N·m, -300 N·m, 300 N·m,-350 N·m, 350 N·m, -400 N·m and 400 N·m respectively. Figure 29 to figure 38 show E nnumbers at ±40 N·m, ±60 N·m, ±80 N·m, ±100 N·m, ±150 N·m, ±200 N·m, ±250 N·m,±300 N·m, ±350 N·m and ±400 N·m respectively.n14

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01Table 5. Deviation from reference valuesNominalDeviation from reference values in %inN·mPilot 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th 6 th 7 th 8 th 9 th 10 th 11 th 12 th 13 th 14 th 15 th 16 th 17 th 18 th-400 -0.57 0.30 -0.02 0.01 0.13 -0.17 -0.03-350 -0.59 0.35 -0.38 0.01 0.16 -0.18 -0.04-300 0.33 -0.06 0.41 -0.43 0.02 -0.54 -0.02 0.01 0.19 -0.19 -0.03-250 0.25 -0.08 0.40 -0.45 -0.20 -0.04 -0.01 0.22 -0.19 -0.08-200 0.34 -0.10 0.68 -0.41 0.05 -0.29 -0.60 0.04 -0.01 0.27 -0.22 -0.11 0.16-150 0.30 -0.01 -0.19 -0.49 0.28 -0.50 0.20 -0.10 0.36 -0.19 -0.10 0.14-100 0.36 0.06 -0.15 -0.13 0.21 -0.08 0.04 0.34 -0.37 0.26 0.45 -0.11 -0.13 0.12-80 0.32 -0.41 -0.64 -0.14 0.29 -0.04 0.34 0.37 0.42 0.54 -0.17 0.12-60 0.21 -0.48 -0.15 -0.17 0.31 -0.13 0.42 0.75 0.41 0.61 -0.18-40 0.29 -0.37 -0.06 -0.19 0.56 0.03 0.50 -0.10 1.00 -0.2240 0.49 -0.15 -0.44 0.00 1.06 0.01 0.69 -0.45 0.29 -0.0360 0.34 0.50 0.22 0.02 1.02 0.32 0.57 0.13 -0.21 0.43 0.0780 0.42 0.46 0.03 0.04 0.82 0.38 0.53 0.03 -0.21 0.42 0.01 0.16100 0.42 -0.30 0.07 0.00 0.50 0.12 0.02 0.42 0.15 -0.16 0.36 0.08 -0.01 0.16150 0.33 -0.16 0.03 -0.23 0.38 0.02 0.06 0.16 0.34 0.10 0.25 0.18200 0.14 -0.18 -0.34 0.21 -0.39 0.02 0.75 0.13 0.29 0.12 0.23 0.09 0.16 0.17250 0.19 -0.10 -0.14 -0.04 -0.42 0.06 0.45 0.14 0.22 0.13 0.13300 0.23 -0.06 -0.29 0.14 -0.36 -0.02 -0.12 0.23 0.12 0.20 0.15 0.09350 0.74 0.18 0.17 0.21 0.12 0.18 0.16 0.04400 0.78 -0.22 0.13 -0.04 0.12 0.17 0.14 0.1415

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01Table 6. E n numbersNominalE n numbersinN·mPilot 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th 6 th 7 th 8 th 9 th 10 th 11 th 12 th 13 th 14 th 15 th 16 th 17 th 18 th-400 -0.72 0.43 -0.12 0.06 0.22 -0.22 -0.08-350 -0.69 0.51 -0.43 0.07 0.27 -0.23 -0.12-300 0.33 -0.12 0.58 -0.43 0.07 -0.64 -0.03 0.04 0.33 -0.24 -0.09-250 0.25 -0.16 0.57 -0.45 -0.23 -0.05 -0.04 0.38 -0.24 -0.20-200 0.33 -0.18 0.93 -0.40 0.18 -0.29 -0.69 0.06 -0.04 0.47 -0.27 -0.26 0.36-150 0.30 -0.02 -0.31 -0.48 0.28 -0.59 0.30 -0.32 0.62 -0.25 -0.22 0.32-100 0.36 0.12 -0.23 -0.30 0.20 -0.08 0.13 0.34 -0.43 0.34 0.77 -0.14 -0.33 0.28-80 0.32 -0.80 -0.88 -0.31 0.25 -0.04 0.34 0.43 0.51 0.93 -0.40 0.26-60 0.21 -0.88 -0.24 -0.37 0.30 -0.12 0.41 0.70 0.45 0.53 -0.40-40 0.28 -0.66 -0.08 -0.39 0.48 0.03 0.48 -0.11 0.86 -0.4540 0.47 -0.29 -0.64 0.00 0.95 0.01 0.67 -0.47 0.25 -0.0960 0.33 0.87 0.34 0.04 0.88 0.30 0.56 0.13 -0.21 0.37 0.1880 0.41 0.91 0.04 0.06 0.81 0.35 0.53 0.04 -0.26 0.72 0.02 0.36100 0.41 -0.54 0.10 -0.01 0.45 0.11 0.07 0.42 0.17 -0.19 0.63 0.10 -0.04 0.37150 0.32 -0.30 0.05 -0.23 0.37 0.03 0.08 0.50 0.59 0.13 0.55 0.41200 0.14 -0.32 -0.47 0.30 -0.38 0.08 0.75 0.15 0.42 0.48 0.39 0.12 0.39 0.38250 0.19 -0.19 -0.13 -0.05 -0.41 0.07 0.64 0.67 0.37 0.16 0.33300 0.23 -0.13 -0.42 0.20 -0.36 -0.09 -0.14 0.33 0.61 0.34 0.19 0.21350 0.85 0.13 0.24 0.24 0.63 0.30 0.21 0.09400 0.96 -0.29 0.18 -0.22 0.63 0.29 0.18 0.3216

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01Deviation in %2.52.01.51.00.50.0-0.5-1.0-1.5-2.0-2.5Comparison result : torque with crossforce measurement at -40 N·m-40 N·mNIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.Deviation in %2.52.01.51.00.50.0-0.5-1.0-1.5-2.0-2.5Comparison result : torque with crossforce measurement at 40 N·m40 N·mNIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.Figure 9. Rel. deviations with uncertainties at -40 N·m. Figure 10. Rel. deviations with uncertainties at 40 N·m.Deviation in %2.52.01.51.00.50.0-0.5-1.0-1.5-2.0-2.5Comparison result : torque with crossforce measurement at -60 N·m-60 N·mNIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.Deviation in %2.52.01.51.00.50.0-0.5-1.0-1.5-2.0-2.5Comparison result : torque with crossforce measurement at 60 N·m60 N·mNIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.Figure 11. Rel. deviations with uncertainties at -60 N·m. Figure 12. Rel. deviations with uncertainties at 60 N·m.17

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT012.0Comparison result : torque with crossforce measurement at -80 N·m2.0Comparison result : torque with crossforce measurement at 80 N·m1.51.5Deviation in %1.00.50.0-0.5-1.0Deviation in %1.00.50.0-0.5-1.0-1.5-80 N·m-1.580 N·m-2.0NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.-2.0NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.Figure 13. Rel. deviations with uncertainties at -80 N·m. Figure 14. Rel. deviations with uncertainties at 80 N·m2.0Comparison result : torque with crossforce measurement at -100 N·m2.0Comparison result : torque with crossforce measurement at 100 N·m1.51.5Deviation in %1.00.50.0-0.5-1.0Deviation in %1.00.50.0-0.5-1.0-1.5-100 N·m-1.5100 N·m-2.0NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.-2.0NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.Figure 15. Rel. deviations with uncertainties at -100 N·m. Figure 16. Rel. deviations with uncertainties 100 N·m.18

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT012.0Comparison result : torque with crossforce measurement at -150 N·m2.0Comparison result : torque with crossforce measurement at 150 N·m1.51.5Deviation in %1.00.50.0-0.5-1.0-1.5-150 N·mDeviation in %1.00.50.0-0.5-1.0-1.5150 N·m-2.0NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.-2.0NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.Figure 17. Rel. deviations with uncertainties at -150 N·m. Figure 18. Rel. deviations with uncertainties at 150 N·m.2.0Comparison result : torque with crossforce measurement at -200 N·m2.0Comparison result : torque with crossforce measurement at 200 N·m1.51.5Deviation in %1.00.50.0-0.5-1.0Deviation in %1.00.50.0-0.5-1.0-1.5-200 N·m-1.5200 N·m-2.0NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.-2.0NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.Figure 19. Rel. deviations with uncertainties at -200 N·m. Figure 20. Rel. deviations with uncertainties at 200 N·m.19

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT012.0Comparison result : torque with crossforce measurement at -250 N·m2.0Comparison result : torque with crossforce measurement at 250 N·m1.51.5Deviation in %1.00.50.0-0.5-1.0Deviation in %1.00.50.0-0.5-1.0-1.5-250 N·m-1.5250 N·m-2.0NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.-2.0NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.Figure 21. Rel. deviations with uncertainties at -250 N·m. Figure 22. Rel. deviations with uncertainties at 250 N·m.2.0Comparison result : torque with crossforce measurement at -300 N·m2.0Comparison result : torque with crossforce measurement at 300 N·m1.51.5Deviation in %1.00.50.0-0.5Deviation in %1.00.50.0-0.5-1.0-1.0-1.5-300 N·m-1.5300 N·m-2.0NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.-2.0NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.Figure 23. Rel. deviations with uncertainties at -300 N·m. Figure 24. Rel. deviations with uncertainties at 300 N·m.20

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT012.0Comparison result : torque with crossforce measurement at -350 N·m2.0Comparison result : torque with crossforce measurement at 350 N·m1.51.5Deviation in %1.00.50.0-0.5-1.0Deviation in %1.00.50.0-0.5-1.0-1.5-350 N·m-1.5350 N·m-2.0NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.-2.0NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.Figure 25. Rel. deviations with uncertainties at -350 N·m. Figure 26. Rel. deviations with uncertainties at 350 N·m.2.0Comparison result : torque with crossforce measurement at -400 N·m2.00Comparison result : torque with crossforce measurement at 400 N·m1.51.50Deviation in %1.00.50.0-0.5Deviation in %1.000.500.00-0.50-1.0-1.00-1.5-400 N·m-1.50400 N·m-2.0NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.-2.00NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.Figure 27. Rel. deviations with uncertainties at -400 N·m. Figure 28. Rel. deviations with uncertainties at 400 N·m.21

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT011.0Degree of equivalence expressed inE n numbers at -40 N·m and 40 N·m-401.0Degree of equivalence expressed inE n numbers at -60 N·m and 60 N·m-600.5400.560En numbers0.0-0.5E n numbers0.0-0.5-1.0NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.-1.0NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.Figure 29. E n numbers at ±40 N·m. Figure 30. E n numbers at ±60 N·m.1.0Degree of equivalence expressed inE n numbers at -80 N·m and 80 N·m-801.0Degree of equivalence expressed inE n numbers at -100 N·m and 100 N·m-1000.5800.5100En numbers0.0-0.5En numbers0.0-0.5-1.0NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.-1.0NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.Figure 31. E n numbers at ±80 N·m. Figure 32. E n numbers at ±100 N·m.22

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT011.0Degree of equivalence expressed inE n numbers at -150 N·m and 150 N·m1.0Degree of equivalence expressed inE n numbers at -200 N·m and 200 N·m0.50.5En numbers0.0-0.5-150En numbers0.0-0.5-200-1.0150NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.-1.0200NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.Figure 33. E n numbers at ±150 N·m. Figure 34. E n numbers at ±200 N·m.1.0Degree of equivalence expressed inE n numbers at -250 N·m and 250 N·m1.0Degree of equivalence expressed inE n numbers at -300 N·m and 300 N·m0.50.5En numbers0.0-0.5-250En numbers0.0-0.5-300-1.0250NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.-1.0300NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.Figure 35. E n numbers at ±250 N·m. Figure 36. E n numbers at ±300 N·m.23

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT011.0Degree of equivalence expressed inE n numbers at -350 N·m and 350 N·m1.0Degree of equivalence expressed inE n numbers at -400 N·m and 400 N·m0.50.5En numbers0.0-0.5-350En numbers0.0-0.5-400-1.0350NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.-1.0400NIMT 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17thLaboratory no.Figure 37. E n numbers at ±350 N·m. Figure 38. E n numbers at ±400 N·m.Figure 39 to figure 54 show deviations with expanded relative uncertainty of all measurement point of each participant andfigure 55 to figure 70 show E n numbers of all measurement point of each participant.24

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01Comparison result : torque with cross forceComparison result : torque with cross force2.01.52nd2.01.5Deviation in %1.00.50.0-0.5Deviation in %1.00.50.0-0.5-1.0-1.0-1.5-2.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·mFigure 39. Rel. deviations with uncertainties of Lab. 2 nd-1.53rd-2.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·mFigure 40. Rel. deviations with uncertainties of Lab. 3 rdComparison result : torque with cross forceComparison result : torque with cross force2.01.54th1.51.05thDeviation in %1.00.50.0-0.5Deviation in %0.50.0-0.5-1.0-1.5-1.0-2.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·m-1.5-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·mFigure 41. Rel. deviations with uncertainties of Lab. 4 th Figure 42. Rel. deviations with uncertainties of Lab. 5 th25

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01Comparison result : torque with cross forceComparison result : torque with cross force1.06th3.02.07thDeviation in %0.50.0-0.5Deviation in %1.00.0-1.0-2.0-1.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·mFigure 43. Rel. deviations with uncertainties of Lab. 6 th-3.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·mFigure 44. Rel. deviations with uncertainties of Lab. 7 thComparison result : torque with cross forceComparison result : torque with cross force2.01.58th1.09thDeviation in %1.00.50.0-0.5Deviation in %0.50.0-1.0-0.5-1.5-2.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·m-1.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·mFigure 45. Rel. deviations with uncertainties of Lab. 8 th Figure 46. Rel. deviations with uncertainties of Lab. 9 th26

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01Comparison result : torque with cross forceComparison result : torque with cross force2.01.510th2.01.511thDeviation in %1.00.50.0-0.5Deviation in %1.00.50.0-0.5-1.0-1.0-1.5-1.5-2.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·mFigure 47. Rel. deviations with uncertainties of Lab. 10 th-2.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·mFigure 48. Rel. deviations with uncertainties of Lab. 11 th1.51.0Comparison result : torque with cross force13th1.0Comparison result : torque with cross force14thDeviation in %0.50.0-0.5Deviation in %0.50.0-1.0-0.5-1.5-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·m-1.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·mFigure 49. Rel. deviations with uncertainties of Lab. 13 th Figure 50. Rel. deviations with uncertainties of Lab. 14 th27

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01Comparison result : torque with cross forceComparison result : torque with cross force3.01.52.015th1.0Deviation in %1.00.0-1.0Deviation in %0.50.0-0.5-2.0-3.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·mFigure 51. Rel. deviations with uncertainties of Lab. 15 th-1.016th-1.5-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·mFigure 52. Rel. deviations with uncertainties of Lab. 16 th1.0Comparison result : torque with cross force17th1.0Comparison result : torque with cross force18thDeviation in %0.50.0Deviation in %0.50.0-0.5-0.5-1.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·m-1.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·mFigure 53. Rel. deviations with uncertainties of Lab. 17 th Figure 54. Rel. deviations with uncertainties of Lab. 18 th28

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT011.0Degree of equivalence expressed in E n numbers2nd1.0Degree of equivalence expressed in E n numbers0.50.5En numbers0.0En numbers0.0-0.5-0.5-1.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·mFigure 55. E n numbers of Lab. 2 nd-1.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·mFigure 56. E n numbers of Lab. 3 rd3rd1.0Degree of equivalence expressed in E n numbers1.0Degree of equivalence expressed in E n numbers5th0.50.5En numbers0.0-0.5En numbers0.0-0.5-1.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·mFigure 57. E n numbers of Lab. 4 th4th-1.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·mFigure 58. E n numbers of Lab. 5 th29

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT011.0Degree of equivalence expressed in E n numbers6th1.0Degree of equivalence expressed in E n numbers7th0.50.5En numbers0.0-0.5En numbers0.0-0.5-1.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·m-1.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·mFigure 59. E n numbers of Lab. 6 thFigure 60. E n numbers of Lab. 7 th1.0Degree of equivalence expressed in E n numbers8th1.0Degree of equivalence expressed in E n numbers9th0.50.5En numbers0.0-0.5En numbers0.0-0.5-1.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·m-1.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·mFigure 61. E n numbers of Lab. 8 thFigure 62. E n numbers of Lab. 9 th30

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT011.0Degree of equivalence expressed in E n numbers10th1.0Degree of equivalence expressed in E n numbers11th0.50.5En numbers0.0-0.5En numbers0.0-0.5-1.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·m-1.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·mFigure 63. E n numbers of Lab. 10 thFigure 64. E n numbers of Lab. 11 th1.0Degree of equivalence expressed in E n numbers1.0Degree of equivalence expressed in E n numbers13thEn numbers0.0-1.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500-2.0Nominal torque in N·mFigure 65. E n numbers of Lab. 13 thEn numbers0.50.0-0.5-1.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·mFigure 66. E n numbers of Lab. 14 th14th31

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT011.0Degree of equivalence expressed in E n numbers15th1.0Degree of equivalence expressed in E n numbers16th0.50.5En numbers0.0-0.5En numbers0.0-0.5-1.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·m-1.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·mFigure 67. E n numbers of Lab. 15 thFigure 68. E n numbers of Lab. 16 th1.0Degree of equivalence expressed in E n numbers17th1.0Degree of equivalence expressed in E n numbers18th0.50.5En numbers0.0-0.5En numbers0.0-0.5-1.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·m-1.0-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500Nominal torque in N·mFigure 69. E n numbers of Lab. 17 thFigure 70. E n numbers of Lab. 18 th32

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT019. Discussion and conclusionSixteen calibration laboratories in Thailand participated into this interlaboratorycomparison of torque with cross force from 40 N·m to 400 N·m clockwise andanticlockwise direction. High accuracy torque transfer wrench was circulated as theartifact for the whole comparison. In order to ensure the reliability of the artifact, theartifact was tuned back to pilot laboratory to monitoring the stability every week duringthe comparison was being done. From the monitoring results, the behaviors of the artifactduring the comparison period were well characterized and it was confirmed that thecapabilities of artifact to achieve this comparison were sufficient.Not only comparison process but also observation of creep of the loader and effectof varied cross force was required as the metrology investigation. The observations wereuseful to understand their behavior. From this knowledge, it is possible to reasonablyestimate the uncertainty due to creep of the loader and varied cross force effect.Participant’s technical competences were determined and were expressedquantitatively by two terms, deviation from the reference values and E n numbers. Thecalibration capability in the range 40 N·m to 400 N·m clockwise and anticlockwisedirection of sixteen participating laboratories were generally found acceptability withintheir claimed uncertainties. The results of this comparison were satisfactory.33

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01Annex AMetrological investigation34

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01Metrological InvestigationNowadays, the calibration method of torque wrench calibrators is distinguishedinto 2 groups. First, to calibrated by using lever mass system without support. Second, tocalibrated by using torque transfer wrench. Regarding to the concept of operations,calibration result from lever mass system doesn’t include the effect of varied cross forceand creep of loader.This study intends to explore the deviation of result that is affected from variedcross force and creep of loader and to find out the solution to accept the calibration resultby using lever mass system.A.1 Cross force effectGenerally, torque measurement systems make the parasitic, lateral force and crossforce by themselves. A large number of lateral forces can occur in torque inline or powertransmission system if there is misalignment; however, the lateral force can be reducedby using appropriate flexible coupling. On the other hand, some torque measurementsystems especially fastener by using torque wrench or calibration system of torquewrench calibrator cannot eliminate the cross force. We look for the good torquemeasuring instrument that gives measurement result accurately under the influence ofvaried cross force.From the measurement result, the deviation, due to varied cross force that weretested at nominal arm length (nominal cross force) and minimum arm length (maximumcross force) accordingly DKD-R 3-8 [4] were determined. The deviation results areexpressed in figure A1-1 to figure A1-6.Deviation in %Influence of cross force effect of CDI INC.1.000.750.500.250.00-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0-0.25100 200 300 400 5008th14th3rd5th-0.50-0.75-1.00torque in N·mFigure A1-1. Scatter deviation of CDI equipment.35

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01Deviation in %Influence of cross force effect of ARMSTRONG.1.000.750.500.250.00-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0-0.25100 200 300 400 500-0.50Deviation in %Influence of cross force effect of KANON.1.000.750.500.250.00-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0-0.25100 200 300 400 500-0.50-0.75-0.7513th2nd-1.00torque in N·m10th7th-1.00torque in N·mFigure A1-2. Scatter deviation of ARMSTRONG equipment. Figure A1-3. Scatter deviation of KANON equipment.Deviation in %Influence of cross force effect of NORBAR.1.000.750.500.250.00-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0-0.25100 200 300 400 500-0.50Deviation in %Influence of cross force effect of AKO.1.000.750.500.250.00-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0-0.25100 200 300 400 500-0.50-0.75-0.759th-1.0017th-1.0015thtorque in N·m 16thtorque in N·mFigure A1-4. Scatter deviation of NORBAR equipment. Figure A1-5. Scatter deviation of AKO equipment.36

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01Deviation in %Influence of cross force effect of Other.1.000.750.500.250.00-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500-0.25larsonRAHSOL-0.50HBMhiostohnichi-0.75-1.00torque in N·mFigure A1-6. Scatter deviation of other equipment.Figure A1-1, figure A1-2, figure A1-3 and figure A1-6 show inconsistencyanomalous deviation of CDI, ARMSTRONG, KANON, TOHNICHI and RAHSOLequipments. Thus they are ensured by compare with their result that was calibrated andused NIMT’s facility such as adaptor, standard and operated by NIMT’s staff. The resultsshow a correspondence within ±0.3 % as shown in figure A1-7, figure A1-8 and figureA1-9.Deviation in %Influence of cross force effect of CDI INC.1.00Customer 1.0.75Customer 2.0.50Customer 3.0.250.00-1,000 -750 -500 -250 0-0.25250 500 750 1,000-0.50-0.75-1.00torque in N·mFigure A1-7. Scatter deviation of CDI observed by NIMT.37

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01Deviation in %Influence of cross force effect of ARMSTRONG1.00Customer 4.0.75Customer 5.0.500.250.00-400 -300 -200 -100 0-0.25100 200 300 400-0.50-0.75-1.00torque in N·mFigure A1-8. Scatter deviation of ARMSTRONG observed by NIMT.Deviation in %Influence of cross force effect of KANON1.00Customer 9.0.750.500.250.00-125 -100 -75 -50 -25 0-0.2525 50 75 100 125-0.50-0.75-1.00torque in N·mFigure A1-9. Scatter deviation of KANON observed by NIMT.There is possibility to assume the effect of varied cross force with in ±0.3 %,although it should be observed at minimum and maximum range so that it would becombined the influence of adaptor and staff operation.38

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01A.2 Creep effect of loaderFigure A2-1 shows creep behavior of the artifact that was measured by NIMT’sstandard with high resolution indicator. The deviation appeared within -0.015 % in 300second. There is no creep of mechanical loader because it was designed to apply forcewith hanging weight. The result shows only creep of transducer’s elastic property.deviation in %0.0200.0150.0100.0050.000-0.005-0.010-0.015-0.020Creep up deviation related to nominal torque0 60 120 180 240 300 360time (s)Figure A2-1. Creep deviation related to nominal torque.To be comparable, the creep was reduced again indicator that all participantsused. The results cannot show the creep behavior of artifact as shown in figure A2-2because of insufficient resolution and sensitivity.deviation in %0.050.040.030.020.010.00-0.01-0.02-0.03-0.04-0.05Creep up deviation related to nominal torque ofRigid loader and without loader at 400 N·m0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330NIMTTime in secondFigure A2-2. Creep deviation related to nominal torque.The behavior of three loader types: hanging weight, mechanical commercialdesign and mechanical laboratory design are compared and expressed in formula A2-1.Then the error of applied torque dwell times at 5, 10, 30, 60 and 90 second are evaluated.39

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01Figure A2-3 to figure A2-7 show behaviors of commercial loader; the maximumdeviation from start to 300 second are in the range -0.38 % to -0.98 %. Figure A2-8shows behaviors of laboratory loader design; the maximum deviations from start to 300second are in the range -0.56 % to -0.91 %. They obviously have similar behavior and itcan be explained in logarithm function as below:Where:a is timing coefficientb is constant value( t) by = a ⋅ ln +(A2-1)deviation in %0.0-0.2-0.4-0.6-0.8-1.0Creep up deviation related to nominal torque ofCDI. Loader at 400 N·m0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 3008th3rd5thTime in secondFigure A2-3. Creep deviation related to nominal torque of CDI loader.deviation in %0.0-0.2-0.4-0.6-0.8-1.0Creep up deviation related to nominal torque ofAKO. Loader at 400 N·m0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 42017th16th14thTime in secondFigure A2-4. Creep deviation related to nominal torque of AKO loader.40

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01deviation in %0.0-0.2-0.4-0.6-0.8-1.0Creep up deviation related to nominal torque ofNorbar loader at 400 N·m0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 3609th15thTime in secondFigure A2-5. Creep deviation related to nominal torque of NORBAR loader.deviation in %0.0-0.2-0.4-0.6-0.8-1.0Creep up deviation related to nominal torque ofTohnichi loader at 360 N·m0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 33011thTime in secondFigure A2-6. Creep deviation related to nominal torque of TOHNICHI loader.deviation in %0.0-0.2-0.4-0.6-0.8-1.0Creep up deviation related to nominal torque ofHBM loader at 200 N·m0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 42018thTime in secondFigure A2-7. Creep deviation related to nominal torque of HBM loader.41

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01deviation in %0.0-0.2-0.4-0.6-0.8-1.0Creep up deviation related to nominal torque of Modifyloader at variety torque0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 3307th4th13th2nd6thTime in secondFigure A2-8. Creep deviations related to nominal torque of modify loader.Furthermore, this study found unexpected behavior in two cases; interfered byoverloaded protection system and inappropriate loader’s power transmission as shown infigure A2-9 and figure A2-10 respectively.deviation in %0.00-0.25-0.50-0.75-1.00-1.25-1.50-1.75Creep up deviation related to nominal torque of CDI. loaderat 400 N·m0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 3303rdTime in secondFigure A2-9. Creep deviation interfered by overload protection.42

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01deviation in %0.0-0.2-0.4-0.6-0.8-1.0Creep up deviation related to nominal torque ofHBM loader at 200 N·m0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 42018th18thTime in secondFigure A2-10. Creep deviation from inappropriate loader power transmission.All laboratories should check their own loader and avoid these unexpectedbehaviors. Usually, the creep behavior will effect to the repeatability of measurementsystem if there is variation in each applied torque dwell time and reading the results. Thedegree of effect depends on period of dwell time and filtering configuration. Theconclusion is shown in table A2-1.Table A2-1. Numerical value of creep effect of the loaderManufacture of Sensitivity coefficient creep loader express in %/secondloader 5 sec. 10 sec. 30 sec. 60 sec. 90 sec.CDI INC. 0.027 0.014 0.005 0.002 0.002AKO. 0.017 0.009 0.003 0.002 0.001NORBAR 0.020 0.010 0.004 0.002 0.001TOHNICHI 0.017 0.009 0.003 0.002 0.001HBM 0.016 0.008 0.003 0.001 0.001Modify by Lab.2 nd 0.026 0.013 0.005 0.002 0.002Modify by Lab.4 th 0.018 0.009 0.003 0.002 0.001Modify by Lab.6 th 0.031 0.016 0.006 0.003 0.002Modify by Lab.7 th 0.017 0.009 0.003 0.002 0.001Modify by Lab.13 th 0.033 0.017 0.006 0.003 .0002NIMT prefer to use 90 second to be an applied torque dwell time, so that it caneliminate creep effect of loader. The ± 3 second is a common uncertainty of appliedtorque dwell time that includes taking data for recording (Probably it is reduced to ± 1second in case of digital transferred data or automatically loading) and the uncertaintydue to creep effect should be 3 second times sensitivity that was declared in table A2-1. Itis possible to calibrate hand torque tools with applied torque dwell time at 5 second. Onthe other hand, it is not appropriate for torque wrench calibrator especially one withaccuracy equal or better than 0.25 %.43

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01The objective of this study is to evaluate the uncertainty due to creep effect ofloader and to find out the resolution to eliminate the influence of creep. From the study,only creep effect due to mechanical design of loader that excluded effect of filter andloading time variations can evaluate. The information in table A2-1 only guides what theeffect of creep loader is. In practical the effect of filter and loading time variations shouldbe consider as well. However those effects could be eliminated by setting filter as sameas when it was calibrated, as well as selecting longer applied torque dwell time and samein every step as possible.44

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> of MT01References:[1] National Institute of Metrology (Thailand): 2007 Technical protocol of interlaboratorycomparison in torque with cross force measurement - Measurand torque with cross force40 N·m to 400 N·m.[2] ISO/IEC GUIDE 43-1: 1997 Proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparison -Part1: Development and operation of proficiency testing schemes.[3] ISO/IEC GUIDE 43-2: 1997 Proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparison -Part2: Development and operation of proficiency testing schemes.[4] DKD-R 3-8: 2003 Static calibration of torque wrench calibration devices.45